Visual pattern recognition network: Its training algorithm and its optoelectronic architecture

A visual pattern recognition network and its training algorithm are proposed. The network constructed of a one-layer morphology network and a two-layer modified Hamming net. This visual network can implement invariant pattern recognition with respect to image translation and size projection. After supervised learning takes place, the visual network extracts image features and classifies patterns much the same as living beings do. Moreover we set up its optoelectronic architecture for real-time pattern recognition. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America

On the uniqueness of singular solutions to boundary-initial value problems in linear elastodynamics

This investigation deals with certain generalizations of the classical uniqueness theorem for the second boundary-initial value problem in the linearized dynamical theory of not necessarily homogeneous nor isotropic elastic solids. First, the regularity assumptions underlying the foregoing theorem are relaxed by admitting stress fields with suitably restricted finite jump discontinuities. Such singularities are familiar from known solutions to dynamical elasticity problems involving discontinuous surface tractions or non-matching boundary and initial conditions. The proof of the appropriate uniqueness theorem given here rests on a generalization of the usual energy identity to the class of singular elastodynamic fields under consideration.

Following this extension of the conventional uniqueness theorem, we turn to a further relaxation of the customary smoothness hypotheses and allow the displacement field to be differentiable merely in a generalized sense, thereby admitting stress fields with square-integrable unbounded local singularities, such as those encountered in the presence of focusing of elastic waves. A statement of the traction problem applicable in these pathological circumstances necessitates the introduction of "weak solutions'' to the field equations that are accompanied by correspondingly weakened boundary and initial conditions. A uniqueness theorem pertaining to this weak formulation is then proved through an adaptation of an argument used by O. Ladyzhenskaya in connection with the first boundary-initial value problem for a second-order hyperbolic equation in a single dependent variable. Moreover, the second uniqueness theorem thus obtained contains, as a special case, a slight modification of the previously established uniqueness theorem covering solutions that exhibit only finite stress-discontinuities.

Initiatives for the improvement of continuous management training

[EN] Purpose. This work aims to present, from the company viewpoint, a structured account of management proposals and practices directed toward improving the intensity and effectiveness of continuous management training (CMT). Design/methodology/approach. The article takes as its main theoretical referents the Theory of Human Capital, the Resource-Based Vision and the contributions made via the new institutional economy with regard to the problems of information asymmetry between companies, employees and training providers and completes the proposals that derive from this theoretical approach. To do this, experience-based contributions are collected from a selection of company training and HR managers from twelve Basque companies characterised by their strong investment in management training. The methodology used was qualitative and obtained by different qualitative techniques: Focus Groups, Nominal Groups and the Delphi Method, which make up the so-called Hybrid Delphi. Findings and implications. The proposals are aimed at the main agents in training activity: training providers, associations and public agents engaged in management training and, particularly, companies themselves. The initiatives seek above all to increase training market transparency, to improve mutual commitments between companies and managers, and to link training and development with culture and strategic management, so that firms make optimal investment in management training. Originality/value. The methodology used is original, and the contributions are consistent with the theory, have a proven practical utility, and are presented in a hierarchy, which facilitates decision making.

Integrated treatment of first episode psychosis with online training (e-learning): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background: The integrated treatment of first episode psychosis has been shown to improve functionality and negative symptoms in previous studies. In this paper, we describe a study of integrated treatment (individual psychoeducation complementary to pharmacotherapy) versus treatment as usual, comparing results at baseline with those at 6-month re-assessment (at the end of the study) for these patients, and online training of professionals to provide this complementary treatment, with the following objectives: 1) to compare the efficacy of individual psychoeducation as add-on treatment versus treatment as usual in improving psychotic and mood symptoms; 2) to compare adherence to medication, functioning, insight, social response, quality of life, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, between both groups; and 3) to analyse the efficacy of online training of psychotherapists. Methods/design: This is a single-blind randomised clinical trial including patients with first episode psychosis from hospitals across Spain, randomly assigned to either a control group with pharmacotherapy and regular sessions with their psychiatrist (treatment as usual) or an intervention group with integrated care including treatment as usual plus a psychoeducational intervention (14 sessions). Training for professionals involved at each participating centre was provided by the coordinating centre (University Hospital of Alava) through video conferences. Patients are evaluated with an extensive battery of tests assessing clinical and sociodemographic characteristics (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorders, Strauss and Carpenter Prognostic Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, Morisky Green Adherence Scale, Functioning Assessment Short Test, World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument WHOQOL-BREF (an abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-100), and EuroQoL questionnaire), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are measured in peripheral blood at baseline and at 6 months. The statistical analysis, including bivariate analysis, linear and logistic regression models, will be performed using SPSS. Discussion: This is an innovative study that includes the assessment of an integrated intervention for patients with first episode psychosis provided by professionals who are trained online, potentially making it possible to offer the intervention to more patients.

Mindfulness training for reducing anger, anxiety, and depression in fibromyalgia patients

Fibromyalgia is a disabling syndrome. Results obtained with different therapies are very limited to date.The goal of this study was to verify whether the application of a mindfulnessbased training program was effective in modifying anger, anxiety, and depression levels in a group of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. This study is an experimental trial that employed a waiting list control group. Measures were taken at three different times: pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The statistical analyses revealed a significant reduction of anger (trait) levels, internal expression of anger, state anxiety, and depression in the experimental group as compared to the control group, as well as a significant increase in internal control of anger. It can be concluded that the mindfulness-based treatment was effective after 7 weeks. These results were maintained 3 months after the end of the intervention.

Avaliação do impacto de uma intervenção de promoção de frutas e hortaliças sobre o consumo desses alimentos por alunos e professores de escolas públicas

O consumo de frutas e hortaliças (F&H) tem sido incentivado em vários países como medida de prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo a escola um espaço privilegiado para a promoção do consumo desses alimentos. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção de promoção de F&H sobre o consumo desses alimentos por alunos e professores de escolas públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de estudo de avaliação do tipo antes e depois, realizado com turmas de primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental em oito unidades públicas municipais situadas em territórios cobertos pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família. No diagnóstico pré-intervenção foram registradas as atividades de promoção da alimentação saudável desenvolvidas nas escolas e o consumo usual de F&H pelos professores. Foram também observados o ambiente escolar e o consumo, pelos alunos, das F&H oferecidas pelo Programa de Alimentação Escolar. A intervenção abarcou um curso de formação para professores e merendeiras sobre promoção da alimentação saudável, com ênfase na promoção de F&H; distribuição de materiais educativos e realização de eventos de mobilização. No diagnóstico pós-intervenção, foram incluídas questões referentes às estratégias da intervenção. Foram criados indicadores de cobertura da atividade e intensidade de exposição à intervenção, de síntese do nível de implementação da intervenção, de adesão à alimentação escolar, aceitação e consumo de F&H pelos alunos e do consumo de F&H pelos professores, e, também, indicadores de variação da aceitação (alunos) e do consumo (alunos e professores) de F&H. As variações observadas foram testadas estatisticamente por meio do teste t-Student pareado (no caso de médias) ou do Qui Quadrado de McNemar (no caso de proporções). A eventual influência do nível de implementação da intervenção sobre a variação do consumo e aceitação de F&H foi examinada por meio de modelos de regressão linear ou logística, dependendo do tipo de desfecho. Foram observados índices altos de aceitação de F&H entre alunos e de consumo de F&H entre alunos e professores no diagnóstico inicial. A intervenção alcançou 52,7% de implementação, tendo sido bem avaliada entre os professores. Nenhuma variação estatisticamente significativa foi observada após a intervenção tanto em relação à aceitação quanto em relação ao consumo de F&H. Foram observados resultados estatisticamente significativos somente para a associação positiva entre o nível de exposição à intervenção e a aceitação de hortaliças pelos alunos. A intervenção proposta alcançou nível intermediário de implementação e os resultados alcançados foram modestos em termos de variação do consumo de F&H por alunos e professores.