EFFICIENCY of PNEUMATIC and HORIZONTAL PERFORATED DISK METER MECHANISM IN CORN NO-TILLAGE SEEDERS IN SOIL WITH DIFFERENT MOBILIZATION REPORTS

This work objectified to evaluate the efficiency of two meter mechanism of corn seeds when submitted to different forward speed and soil management system during the non-tillage seeding. It was used a factorial design in randomized blocks. The factors whose effects were examined were related to the seeders with pneumatic and horizontal disk meter mechanisms for the distribution of the seeds, to the set tractor-seeder forward speeds (4.4; 8.0 and 9.8 km h(-1)), and to the soil management system considering the corn no-tillage seeding over minimum tillage with chisel plow and the no-tillage system for the seeding of oat culture (Avena strigosa Schreb). It was verified that the forward speed didn't influence the initial and final stands of plants but it interfered in the regularity of longitudinal distribution of plants. The smallest speed provided the largest percentile of normal spacing between plants. The pneumatic meter mechanism presented better performance than the horizontal disk perforated in the longitudinal distribution of plants. About corn productivity aspect it's indifferent the recommendation of use for pneumatic and perforated horizontal disk meter mechanism of seeds.

Manejo hídrico em viveiro e uso de hidrogel na sobrevivência pós-plantio de Eucalyptus urograndis em dois solos diferentes

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência do clone H13 de Eucalyptus urograndis sob dois manejos hídricos de viveiro, plantados em dois solos, com e sem a adição de polímero hidroabsorvente (hidrogel). O plantio foi realizado em vasos mantidos em estufa, com dois tipos de solo: um arenoso e outro argiloso. Cada vaso recebeu 2,5 L de solo, um litro de água e o hidrogel na proporção de 0,4 g vaso-1 (120 mL de gel). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os sintomas de estresse, nos vários níveis avaliados, sempre se manifestaram primeiro nas plantas no solo argiloso, de modo mais acentuado naquelas que foram mantidas sem estresse de água na fase de viveiro. Isso garantiu que as plantas sobrevivessem por um período menor sem água, variando de 14 a 20 dias (com e sem hidrogel, respectivamente), enquanto, no solo arenoso, a sobrevivência foi maior, de 29 a 34 dias (com e sem hidrogel, respectivamente). Apesar da não significância estatística, os resultados com o hidrogel possibilitam, em ambos os solos, maior flexibilidade operacional na intervenção com novas irrigações.

Avaliação de genótipos de bananeira em Botucatu-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eucalyptus ESTs involved in mechanisms against plant pathogens and environmental stresses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dinâmica populacional do psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) e de seu parasitóide Psyllaephagus bliteus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) em floresta de Eucalyptus camaldulensis

O psilídeo-de-concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei, é uma praga exótica específica de Eucalyptus, que causa desfolha, secamento de ponteiros e ramos, podendo levar as árvores à morte. O parasitóide Psyllaephagus bliteus é indicado como principal agente no controle biológico desta praga. Portanto, o monitoramento adequado de as ambas espécies por um método eficiente de amostragem facilitaria o manejo para uma futura tomada de decisão. Devido à falta de informações referentes ao seu comportamento em plantações extensivas de eucalipto no Brasil, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as populações de G. brimblecombei e de P. bliteus em florestas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, utilizando armadilhas amarelas para determinação de sua flutuação populacional e correlacionado-as com variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura e precipitação). A determinação da flutuação populacional (53 pontos amostrais) foi realizada em talhão de 19ha com E. camaldulensis em Luíz Antônio, SP, em 10avaliações quinzenais, entre janeiro e junho de 2005. As populações de ambas as espécies apresentaram correlação inversamente proporcional em função da temperatura e não há correlação com a precipitação no período avaliado.

Biologia do psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) em Eucalyptus spp.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Selection of fungi for accelerated decay in stumps of Eucalyptus spp.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the activation of Eucalyptus defences against rust

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da deriva de Glyphosate sobre algumas características fisiológicas em plantas de eucalipto

This work aims to evaluate the effects of a simulated drift of glyphosate at different doses on some physiological characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis. A completely randomized design with five replications was used, where each pot contained an eucalyptus plant and was considered as one repetition. The plants received doses of glyphosate corresponding to 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120g.ha(-1), in the Scout (R) commercial formulation: The application was performed in three forms: leaves, stem and whole plant (leaf + stem). For foliar application, the stem was covered with plastic tape to avoid being hit by the solution, and leaves with a plastic bag when the stem was spayed. The application was performed by means of a steady spray gun equipped with four XR 11002 tips, with a pressure of 200Kpa and a volume of 2001 ha(-1). Stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf temperature were measured at 7 days after application (DAA). The eucalypt plants receiving applications in leaves and whole plant showed, at the highest glyphosate dosis (120g.ha(-1)), a transpiration reduced by 22% and an 18% increase of stomatal resistance at 7 DAA. The lowest dose (30g-ha(-1)) applied to the whole plant caused a transpiration stimulation of 18%, and a leaf to air difference in temperature of -1.66 degrees C, while the difference between the highest and lowest dose used was 3.5 degrees C.

Análise das propriedades termofísicas, mecânicas e geométricas de telhas cerâmicas queimadas em forno caieira e forno abóbada

In the industry of ceramic in Rio G. do Norte, tile stands out as the most manufactured product by this industry, being the intermittent kiln abóbada and caieira the principal type of kiln used in burning. There was a need to make a study of the influence exerted by the type of kiln in which tiles are burnt in their thermo physical properties. The analysis started with 24 raw samples of tile, which was split in two groups of 12 samples and burnt in Abóbada and Caieira kiln. Besides that, it was made study of the tax of heat transfer to the environment (for each kiln). After having been burnt the samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The properties verified were impermeability, determination of dry mass, absorption of water, the load of bending rupture and its geometric characteristics, the tests were conducted following the currents standards. The tests were carried out according to the ABNT - NBR 15310. The calculation of the rate of heat transfer showed that the abóbada kiln is more efficient than the Caieira, however the results of tests on the samples revealed no superiority of one over another sample. So the furnace had no influence on the performance of the ceramic tiles

Análise de confiabilidade de uma bomba centrífuga: aplicação na injeção de água para recuperação de petróleo

The oil industry`s need to produce with maximum efficiency, not to mention the safety and the environment aspects, encourages the optimization of processes. It makes them look for a level of excellence in acquisition of equipment, ensuring the quality without prejudice security of facilities and peoples. Knowing the reliability of equipment and that this stands for a system is fundamental to the production strategy to seeks the maximum return on investment. The reliability analysis techniques have been increasingly applied in the industry as strategy for predicting failures likelihood ensuring the integrity of processes. Some reliability theories underlie the decisions to use stochastic calculations to estimate equipment failure. This dissertation proposes two techniques associating qualitative (through expertise opinion) and quantitative data (European North Sea oil companies fault database, Ored) applied on centrifugal pump to water injection system for secondary oil recovery on two scenarios. The data were processed in reliability commercial software. As a result of hybridization, it was possible to determine the pump life cycle and what impact on production if it fails. The technique guides the best maintenance policy - important tool for strategic decisions on asset management.

Caracterização e análise das propriedades da fibra de Macambira (Bromelia Laciniosa)

Concern for the environment and the exploitation of natural resources has motivated the development of research in lignocellulosic materials, mainly from plant fibers. The major attraction of these materials include the fact that the fibers are biodegradable, they are a renewable natural resource, low cost and they usually produce less wear on equipment manufacturing when compared with synthetic fibers. Its applications are focused on the areas of technology, including automotive, aerospace, marine, civil, among others, due to the advantageous use in economic and ecological terms. Therefore, this study aims to characterize and analyze the properties of plant fiber macambira (bromelia laciniosa), which were obtained in the municipality of Ielmo Marino, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the region of the Wasteland Potiguar. The characterization of the fiber is given by SEM analysis, tensile test, TG, FTIR, chemical analysis, in addition to obtaining his title and density. The results showed that the extraction of the fibers, only 0.5% of the material is converted into fibers. The results for title and density were satisfactory when compared with other fibers of the same nature. Its structure is composed of microfibrils and its surface is roughened. The cross section has a non-uniform geometry, therefore, it is understood that its diameter is variable along the entire fiber. Values for tensile strength were lower than those of sisal fibers and curauá. The degradation temperature remained equivalent to the degradation temperatures of other vegetable fibers. In FTIR analysis showed that the heat treatment may be an alternative to making the fiber hydrophobic, since, at high temperature can remove the hemicellulose layer, responsible for moisture absorption. Its chemical constitution is endowed with elements of polar nature, so their moisture is around 8.5% which is equivalent to the percentage of moisture content of hydrophilic fibers. It can be concluded that the fiber macambira stands as an alternative materials from renewable sources and depending on the actual application and purpose, it may achieve satisfactory results

Teratosphaeria nubilosa em plantações comerciais de Eucalyptus globulus nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil

Muitos patógenos, principalmente fungos, ocorrem em várias espécies de eucalipto, desde a fase de viveiro até os plantios adultos. Dentre as doenças fúngicas, destaca-se a mancha de micosferela, considerada uma das principais doenças, e o Eucalyptus globulus, uma das espécies mais suscetíveis. Esta doença é causada por várias espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Teratosphaeria e Mycosphaerella, sendo T. nubilosa de maior importância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a presença do fungo T.nubilosa em materiais coletados nos seguintes locais: Bagé-RS, Pedras Altas-RS, Botucatu-SP, Jacareí- SP e Itapeva-SP. Por meio de isolamentos a partir de folhas de E. globulus apresentando mancha de micosferela, foi possível a obtenção de isolados do fungo. A observação quanto ao padrão de germinação dos ascósporos, o seu crescimento micelial, e também por meio de PCR com primers da região genômica ITS1 e ITS4 e sequenciamento, e submissão ao GenBank, foi possível a determinação do gênero e da espécie do patógeno como T. nubilosa. Nos cinco locais estudados foi confirmada a presença deste agente causal de mancha de micosferela em plantios de E. globulus nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil.

Estudo do potencial refratário de argilas sílico-aluminosas do Rio Grande do Norte

The segment of the structural ceramics industry is one of the most important to the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. The supply chain makes a total of 206 companies that are distributed in 39 counties, concentrated in three regional centers: Seridó Apodi / Assu and great Natal. The ceramic industry in the state is around 80 million pieces per month, with 50,186 million of these tiles, which makes the Rio Grande do Norte one of the largest manufacturers of product in the Country. Different ceramic products can be manufactured by mixing two or more clays and accessory minerals. Mixtures acquire characteristics and form what is called the ceramic body. Refractory masses have a high melting point and thermal shock support. Its composition contains refractory clays with a little iron oxide and material fluxes. A line of semi-refractory ceramic products that stands out for its high added value are the bricks in ivory or red, used in building barbecues, fireplaces, wood stoves and braziers. The aim of this study was to use alumina-clay or silica- alumina-clay to the industrial RN, for the production of refractory bricks semi-refractory burning light. Clay and Kaolin were characterized for their chemical and mineralogical composition, immediately after ceramic bodies were made with different concentrations of the components, they were raised, pressed and sintered. After sintering the resulting products were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and dimensional than the characterization by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. After obtaining the results, we concluded that the studied clay can be used for the production of semi-refractory bricks

Avaliação dos impactos ambientais gerados por uma industria cerâmica típica da Região do Seridó/RN

The present work deals with an evaluation of the environmental impacts arised from a typical ceramics industry located in the Seridó region of Rio Grande do Norte State. That region contains the largest State s producing basin of red ceramics. The district of Parelhas stands out as the largest producing nucleus. The studied company is located in the rural zone of Parelhas, it was selected as study object because it possesses a great part of the representative characteristics of the Region s ceramics park as a whole. Impacts produced at the implantation and operation phases of the Company had been evaluated, being this last phase subdivided in stages of the productive process. Among found adverse impacts, they are distinguished: losses in air quality, undesirable noises, microclimatic alterations, impoverishment of the ground, elimination of the vegetal covering, agricultural exodus, crisis in cattle agriculture and, superficial and underground water contamination, beyond risks ocupational diseases and industrial accidents. The Leopold s interactive matrix, that summarizes results of the work, was presented in form of 15 (fifteen) tables that display impacts classified in qualitative and quantitative way. Totally, 175 (one hundred and seventy-five) significant impacts produced by this Company had been identified, being 114 (one hundred and fourteen) negative, 38 (thirty-eight) positive and 23 (twenty-three) among mixed, indefinite and inert ones. In the work, before the evaluation of impacts properly said, it was constructed a diagnostic table of the ambient situation at a previous moment to implantation of the Company, elaborated on basis of inferences and historical researches. It was proposed still, mitigative steps for adverse impacts identified, as also elaborated a program to accompaniment and observing that the fulfilment of indicated mitigative steps guarantees. The final part of the work contemplates conclusions and suggestions that aim to influence positively the presented sight in terms of environmental management