Avaliação do impacto da gestão de uma organização da sociedade civil de interesse público nas ações desenvolvidas no programa de controle de tuberculose em unidades de saúde em Duque de Caxias.

Entre os anos de 2009 a 2012 o município de Duque de Caxias realizou uma parceria com uma organização social civil de interesse público (OSCIP) para gerir seis unidades mistas de saúde. A tuberculose (TB) é um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Em Duque de Caxias o Programa de Controle de Tuberculose necessitava ampliação e descentralização para o maior acesso à população. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da gestão de uma OSCIP em seis unidades de saúde do município de Duque de Caxias, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como base os resultados alcançados no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (PCT). Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, de evolução temporal dos indicadores do PCT, com base em dados secundários gerados através do banco de dados do SINAN/DC, assim como a análise documental do Livro de Registros das Baciloscopias e Culturas do PCT. Levantamento na literatura sobre o tema. Também através de pesquisa eletrônica pela internet realizou-se um levantamento na literatura sobre o tema. Resultado e Discussão: A parceria com a OSCIP possibilitou a descentralização do Programa de Controle da Tuberculose para os quatro distritos do município. Na análise dos indicadores observou-se melhor desempenho das unidades de saúde sob a gerência da OSCIP em alguns indicadores de processo, como realização do exame anti-HIV e percentual de baciloscopias realizadas. Quanto aos indicadores de resultado, em ambos os tipos de gerência, observou-se baixa atuação no alcance das metas nacionais. Conclusão: Apesar das limitações metodológicas, como o curto período de tempo da análise dos indicadores, a utilização de dados secundários (SINAN), o presente estudo permitiu um olhar inicial das vantagens, desvantagens e limitações da parceria com uma OSCIP no serviço público. Serão necessários novos estudos com período maior de tempo além da inclusão de outros indicadores

O impacto do ativo intangível medido pelo efeito da inovação organizacional em instituição pública multipropósito: o caso do Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - INI da Fiocruz

Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), uma organização pública multipropósito de saúde com atividades de pesquisa, assistência e ensino, que adotou a estratégia de inovar a sua estrutura organizacional, com vistas a garantir a qualidade dos serviços prestados à população, bem como reforçar a orientação empreendedora das suas ações integradas. Sob o ponto de vista da pesquisa em Ciências Contábeis, a reestruturação do INI constitui um exemplo potencial da acumulação de ativo intangível pela organização e este foi o fato gerador do problema da pesquisa: a aplicação do método DEA para avaliar a melhoria da eficiência dos oito laboratórios de pesquisa multipropósito do INI, está associada ao referencial teórico que justifica a inovação organizacional implantada no Instituto após proposta nos Congressos Internos da Fiocruz? O objetivo geral foi analisar os resultados dos escore-sínteses do Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), como medida dos ativos intangíveis, associando-os aos efeitos provenientes da implantação de mudanças organizacionais estratégicas, caracterizadas como inovações organizacionais ocorridas nos oito laboratórios de pesquisa clínica multipropósitos, isto é, que contemplam ensino, pesquisa e assistência, no INI da Fiocruz. O método consistiu de quatro etapas. Na primeira, foi realizada a análise da literatura sobre ativos intangíveis; inovação organizacional; estruturas da organização e modelo de análise de eficiência em organizações. Na segunda, foi realizada a coleta dos indicadores qualitativos referentes a mudança da estrutura organizacional de oito laboratórios do INI por meio de análise documental dos Congressos Internos da Fiocruz e uma pesquisa de opinião dos representantes dos laboratórios; quantitativamente, foram levantados dados para calcular o indicador de eficiência de cada um dos laboratórios. Na terceira etapa foi realizada a análise dos dados coletados, do período de 2006-2012, utilizando os indicadores calculados para associar a eficiência do conjunto destas atividades antes e depois da inovação organizacional associada à adoção de uma estrutura inovadora na reestruturação. Finalmente, a quarta etapa apresentou os resultados e as respectivas considerações sobre a pesquisa. Como contribuição, apresenta-se uma associação entre a inovação organizacional, decorrente da reestruturação dos oito laboratórios de pesquisa clínica e os resultados do método empírico que utiliza o DEA.

Os deveres do pequeno cidadão em Alma Infantil: versos para uso das escolas (1912)

Nesta pesquisa, elegemos Alma Infantil (1912) como fonte e objeto de estudo: obra escrita pela poetisa Francisca Júlia da Silva em parceria com seu irmão, o também poeta Júlio César da Silva. A pesquisa busca evocar o cenário literário escolar do entresséculos (XIX-XX) e do início do século XX, em suas particularidades, coordenando o projeto político e pedagógico que conformava as escolas no período com os temas, autores e textos que circulavam nas salas de aula, sobretudo no estado de São Paulo, onde se verifica, no período, a maior incidência de planos e ações pedagógicas. Temos por finalidade exprimir as relações entre Alma Infantil e alguns projetos de nação propostos pelo governo na Primeira República (1889-1930). Alma Infantil, publicado pela Livraria Editora Magalhães no início do século XX é livro para uso escolar, mais especificamente, livro de leitura suplementar. Este material, assim como muitos outros, estava comprometido com a moral e a ordem cívica dos primeiros anos do novo regime, com a exaltação à natureza, aos animais e às riquezas naturais do país, conforme a análise dos poemas indica. O livro dos irmãos Silva, em seus 48 poemas e quatro hinos, apresenta linguagem acessível e adaptada à leitura da criança, de fácil compreensão, conformados por um conceito de moral notoriamente verificado. Em grande parcela dos poemas, encontramos referências a uma linguagem leve, descompromissada com a rigidez e culto à forma diferentemente da que o exaltava. Outrossim, a presença dos hinos em Alma Infantil demarca ainda mais esta unidade patriótica a que o Brasil se propunha compor no entresséculos. Os temas dos hinos estudo, escola, trabalho, pátria - alinham os ideais republicanos de ordem, trabalho e progresso que vigorava no Brasil naquele momento. Sendo assim, através da pesquisa histórica que resultou neste texto, podemos afirmar por meio de análise textual e documental que Alma Infantil é obra confeccionada para uso escolar, como sua própria capa o diz, e mais, é uma legítima amostra do maquinário político educacional dos primeiros anos do regime republicano neste país.

Mapping the shallow-water coral ecosystems of the Freely Associated States: an implementation plan

This Freely Associated States Shallow-water Coral Ecosystem Mapping Implementation Plan (FAS MIP) presents a framework for the development of shallow-water (~0–40 m; 0–22 fm) benthic habitat and possibly bathymetric maps of critical areas of the Freely Associated States (FAS). The FAS is made up of three self-governing groups of islands and atolls—the Republic of Palau (Palau), the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI)—that are affiliated with the United States through Compacts of Free Association. This MIP was developed with extensive input from colleges, national and state regulatory and management agencies, federal agencies, non-governmental organizations, and individuals involved in or supporting the conservation and management of the FAS’s coral ecosystems. A list of organizations and individuals that provided input to the development of this MIP is provided in Appendix 1. This MIP has been developed to complement the Coral Reef Mapping Implementation Plan (2nd Draft) released in 1999 by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force’s Mapping and Information Synthesis Working Group. That plan focused on mapping United States and FAS shallow-water (then defined as <30 m) coral reefs by 2009, based on available funding and geographic priorities, using primarily visual interpretation of aerial photography and satellite imagery. This MIP focuses on mapping the shallow-water (now defined as 0–40 m, rather than 0–30 m) coral ecosystems of the FAS using a suite of technologies and map development procedures. Both this FAS MIP and the 1999 Coral Reef Mapping Implementation Plan (2nd Draft) support to goals of the National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs (U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, 2000). This FAS MIP presents a framework for mapping the coral ecosystems of the FAS and should be considered an evolving document. As priorities change, funding opportunities arise, new data are collected, and new technologies become available, the information presented herein will change.

Literature review for a resource characterization of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge

Through research aimed at understanding the coastal environment, surveys designed to help manage the resource, and national programs to monitor environmental condition, we see a picture of a dynamic ecosystem that is Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (CRNWR). Currently, there are efforts underway to protect threatened species; monitor fish populations; and quantify the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of this environment. The potential impacts to this system are just now being understood as ecological responses to human modification are observed and explained. As a starting point, this document compiles existing information about Cape Romain NWR in five topic areas and addresses the potential impacts to the Refuge. This review is intended to serve as a stepping stone to developing a research agenda in support of management of the Refuge. There are various sources of information on which to build a framework for monitoring conditions and detecting change to this environment. For instance, information on basic ecological function in estuarine environments has evolved over several decades. Long-term surveys of Southeast fisheries exist, as well as shellfish and sediment contaminants data from estuaries. Environmental monitoring and biological surveys at the Refuge continue. Recently, studies that examine the impacts to similar coastal habitats have been undertaken. This document puts past studies and ongoing work in context for Refuge managers and researchers. This report recommends that the next phase of this resource characterization focus on: • compiling relevant tabular and spatial data, as identified here, into a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework • assessing the abundance and diversity of fisheries utilizing CRNWR • delineating additional data layers, such as intertidal habitats and subtidal clam beds, from low-level aerial photography, hard copy maps, and other sources • continued inventories of plant and animal species dependent on the Refuge • monitoring physical and chemical environmental parameters using the methodology employed at National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) and other coastal sites, where appropriate • further definition of the potential risks to the Refuge and preparing responses to likely impacts.

Diel movements of fishes linked to benthic seascape structure in a Caribbean coral reef ecosystem

Many common fishes associated with Caribbean coral reef ecosystems use resources from more than 1 patch type during routine daily foraging activities. Few studies have provided direct evidence of connectivity across seascapes, and the importance of benthic seascape structure on movement behavior is poorly known. To address this knowledge gap, we coupled hydro-acoustic technology to track fish with seafloor mapping and pattern analysis techniques from landscape ecology to quantify seascape structure. Bluestriped grunts Haemulon sciurus and schoolmaster snapper Lutjanus apodus were tracked over 24 h periods using boat-based acoustic telemetry. Movement pathways, and day and night activity spaces were mapped using geographical information system (GIS) tools, and seafloor structure within activity spaces was mapped from high-resolution aerial photography and quantified using spatial pattern metrics. For both fish species, night activity spaces were significantly larger than day activity spaces. Fish exhibited a daytime preference for seascapes with aggregate coral reef and colonized bedrock, then shifted to night activity spaces with lower complexity soft sediment including sand, seagrass, and scattered coral/rock. Movement path complexity was negatively correlated with seascape complexity. This demonstrates direct connectivity across multiple patch types and represents the first study to apply quantitative landscape ecology techniques to examine the movement ecology of marine fish. The spatially explicit approach facilitates understanding to the linkages between biological processes and the heterogeneity of the landscape. Such studies are essential for identifying ecologically relevant spatial scales, delineating essential fish habitat and designing marine protected areas.

ON-LINE STEREO PROCESSING FOR THE SEM.

A convenient system for the rapid extraction of three dimensional information from pairs of SEM images has been constructed, eliminating the need for time-consuming photography. Results are produced in a digestable form. Distortions inherent in the SEM record display and in the photographic system are not relevant to the system described; only those arising within the column and stage need be considered.

Behaviour of unsteady transonic shock / boundary layer interactions with three-dimensional effects

An experimental investigation into the response of transonic SBLIs to periodic down-stream pressure perturbations in a parallel walled duct has been conducted. Tests have been carried out with a shock strength of M ∞ = 1.5 for pressure perturbation frequencies in the range 16-90 Hz. Analysis of the steady interaction at M∞ = 1.5 has also been made. The principle measurement techniques were high speed schlieren photography and laser Doppler anemometry. The structure of the steady SBLI was found to be highly three-dimensional, with large corner flows and sidewall SBLIs. These aspects are thought to influence the upstream transmission of pressure information through the interaction by affecting the post-shock flow field, including the extent of regions of secondary supersonic flow. At low frequency, the dynamics of shock motion can be predicted using an inviscid analytical model. At increased frequencies, viscous effects become significant and the shock exhibits unexpected dynamic behaviour, due to a phase lag between the upstream transmission of pressure information in the core flow and in the viscous boundary layers. Flow control in the form of micro-vane vortex generators was found to have a small impact on shock dynamics, due to the effect it had on the post-shock flow field outside the viscous boundary layer region. The relationship between inviscid and viscous effects is developed and potential destabilising mechanisms for SBLIs in practical applications are suggested. Copyright © 2009 by Paul Bruce and Holger Babinsky.

On farm trial of freshwater pearl culture

On farm preliminary trial of freshwater pearl culture was done through 20 entrepreneurs in Boilor and Sutiakhali villages of Mymensingh district during 2004. A group of 20 enthusiastic women were selected and trained on the art of mantle tissue dissection, operation for mantle tissue implantation and preparation of ponds for pearl culture. A total of 200 juvenile freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis, were collected from the wild and were used for mantle issue operation. The operated mussels were then transferred to farmer's pond and were subjected to observational trial. Length and weight of each of the test mussels were recorded before hanging them at a depth of 40 cm in net bags (3 mussels/net bag) in ponds at the rate of 24,700 mussels/ha of pond area. Ponds were routinely fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers thorough out the mussel rearing period. Water temperature, pH, plankton density and soil organic matter were monitored fortnightly. Growth of pearl is yet to be monitored through sacrifice of the mussels but X-ray photography of a few mussels indicated the initiation of pearl formation in most of them.

Moderate energy impact analysis combining phenomenological contact law with localised damage and integral equation method

A computational impact analysis methodology has been developed, based on modal analysis and a local contact force-deflection model. The contact law is based on Hertz contact theory while contact stresses are elastic, defines a modified contact theory to take account of local permanent indentation, and considers elastic recovery during unloading. The model was validated experimentally through impact testing of glass-carbon hybrid braided composite panels. Specimens were mounted in a support frame and the contact force was inferred from the deceleration of the impactor, measured by high-speed photography. A Finite Element analysis of the panel and support frame assembly was performed to compute the modal responses. The new contact model performed well in predicting the peak forces and impact durations for moderate energy impacts (15 J), where contact stresses locally exceed the linear elastic limit and damage may be deemed to have occurred. C-scan measurements revealed substantial damage for impact energies in the range of 30-50 J. For this regime the new model predictions might be improved by characterisation of the contact law hysteresis during the unloading phase, and a modification of the elastic vibration response in line with damage levels acquired during the impact. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On the percussion drilling of SI using a 20W MOPA based YB fiber laser

A study on the nanosecond fiber laser interaction with silicon was performed experimentally for the generation of percussion drilled holes. Single pulse ablation experiments were carried out on mono crystalline 650μm thick Si wafers. Changes of the mass removal mechanism were investigated by varying laser fluence up to 68 J/cm2 and pulse duration from 50 ns to 200 ns. Hole width and depth were measured and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical interferometric profilometry (Veeco NT3300). High speed photography was also used to examine laser generated plasma expansion rates. The material removal rate was found to be influenced by the pulse energy, full pulse duration and pulse peak power. Single pulse ablation depth of 4.42 μm was achieved using a 200 ns pulse of 13.3 J/cm 2, giving a maximum machining efficiency of 31.86 μm per mJ. Holes drilled with an increased fluence but fixed pulse length were deeper, exhibited low recast, but were less efficient than those produced at a lower fluence. The increased peak power in this case led to high levels of plasma and vapour production. The expansion of which, results in a strong driving recoil force, an increase in the rate and volume of melt ejection, and cleaner hole formation. The experimental findings show that for efficient drilling at a given energy, a longer, lower peak power pulse is more desirable than a high peak power short pulse.

Impact of carbon fibre/epoxy corrugated cores

The dynamic compressive response of corrugated carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy sandwich cores has been investigated using a Kolsky-bar set-up. Compression at quasi-static rates up to v 0=200ms -1 have been tested on three different slenderness ratios of strut. High speed photography was used to capture the failure mechanisms and relate these to the measured axial compressive stress. Experiments show significant strength enhancement as the loading rate increases. Although material rate sensitivity accounts for some of this, it has been shown that the majority of the strength enhancement is due to inertial stabilisation of the core members. Inertial strength enhancement rises non-linearly with impact velocity. The largest gains are associated with a shift to buckle modes composed of 2-3 half sine waves. The loading rates tested within this study are similar to those that are expected when a sandwich core is compressed due to a blast event. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Identification of Materials from Construction Site Images Using Content Based Image Retrieval Techniques

The capability to automatically identify shapes, objects and materials from the image content through direct and indirect methodologies has enabled the development of several civil engineering related applications that assist in the design, construction and maintenance of construction projects. Examples include surface cracks detection, assessment of fire-damaged mortar, fatigue evaluation of asphalt mixes, aggregate shape measurements, velocimentry, vehicles detection, pore size distribution in geotextiles, damage detection and others. This capability is a product of the technological breakthroughs in the area of Image and Video Processing that has allowed for the development of a large number of digital imaging applications in all industries ranging from the well established medical diagnostic tools (magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and nuclear medical imaging) to image searching mechanisms (image matching, content based image retrieval). Content based image retrieval techniques can also assist in the automated recognition of materials in construction site images and thus enable the development of reliable methods for image classification and retrieval. The amount of original imaging information produced yearly in the construction industry during the last decade has experienced a tremendous growth. Digital cameras and image databases are gradually replacing traditional photography while owners demand complete site photograph logs and engineers store thousands of images for each project to use in a number of construction management tasks. However, construction companies tend to store images without following any standardized indexing protocols, thus making the manual searching and retrieval a tedious and time-consuming effort. Alternatively, material and object identification techniques can be used for the development of automated, content based, construction site image retrieval methodology. These methods can utilize automatic material or object based indexing to remove the user from the time-consuming and tedious manual classification process. In this paper, a novel material identification methodology is presented. This method utilizes content based image retrieval concepts to match known material samples with material clusters within the image content. The results demonstrate the suitability of this methodology for construction site image retrieval purposes and reveal the capability of existing image processing technologies to accurately identify a wealth of materials from construction site images.

Comparison of manual and user guided methodologies for the classification and retrieval of construction site images

The amount of original imaging information produced yearly during the last decade has experienced a tremendous growth in all industries due to the technological breakthroughs in digital imaging and electronic storage capabilities. This trend is affecting the construction industry as well, where digital cameras and image databases are gradually replacing traditional photography. Owners demand complete site photograph logs and engineers store thousands of images for each project to use in a number of construction management tasks like monitoring an activity's progress and keeping evidence of the "as built" in case any disputes arise. So far, retrieval methodologies are done manually with the user being responsible for imaging classification according to specific rules that serve a limited number of construction management tasks. New methods that, with the guidance of the user, can automatically classify and retrieve construction site images are being developed and promise to remove the heavy burden of manually indexing images. In this paper, both the existing methods and a novel image retrieval method developed by the authors for the classification and retrieval of construction site images are described and compared. Specifically a number of examples are deployed in order to present their advantages and limitations. The results from this comparison demonstrates that the content based image retrieval method developed by the authors can reduce the overall time spent for the classification and retrieval of construction images while providing the user with the flexibility to retrieve images according different classification schemes.

Experimental study into the flow physics of three-dimensional shock control bumps

This paper describes a fundamental experimental study of the flow structure around a single three-dimensional (3D) transonic shock control bump (SCB) mounted on a flat surface in a wind tunnel. Tests have been carried out with a Mach 1.3 normal shock wave located at a number of streamwise positions relative to the SCB. Details of the flow have been studied using the experimental techniques of schlieren photography, surface oil flow visualization, pressure sensitive paint, and laser Doppler anemometry. The results of the work build on the findings of previous researchers and shed new light on the flow physics of 3D SCBs. It is found that spanwise pressure gradients across the SCB ramp and the shape of the SCB sides affect the magnitude and uniformity of flow turning generated by the bump, which can impact on the spanwise propagation of the quasi-two-dimensional (2D) shock structure produced by a 3DSCB. At the bump crest, vortices can form if the pressure on the crest is significantly lower than at either side of the bump. The trajectories of these vortices, which are relatively weak, are strongly influenced by any spanwise pressure gradients across the bump tail. Asignificant difference between 2D and 3D SCBs highlighted by the study is the impact of spanwise pressure gradients on 3D SCB performance. The magnitude of these spanwise pressure gradients is determined largely by SCB geometry and shock position. Copyright © 2011 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.