Morphology and initial growth in the germination of dictyosperma album (bory) h. wendl. & drude ex scheffer (Arecaceae) seeds

Dictyosperma album, commonly known as Princess Palm, due to its graceful appearance and its ability to withstand strong hurricane force winds is largely used in landscaping areas. The aim of this work was to describe the diaspores (seeds with the stuck endocarp) morphology and the stages of the D. album germination process. Therefore we concluded that the species germination is of the tubular remote type and begins with the opening of a circular operculum in the fruit endocarp, through which emerges a bulbous and hollow structure, named cotyledonal petiole or embryophore. With the embryo growth, the endosperm is being gradually consumed. The embryo grows approximately up to 10 cm, when the dilation begins in its extremity. Starting from this extensive area, it begins the growth of the primary root and the opening of a longitudinal rift, through which emerges the aerial part that is composed by two sheaths that cover the first juvenile leaf. In this phase, the emergence of secondary roots is observed. The first leaves are simple and lance-shaped.

Relative growth, sexual maturity, and breeding season of three species of the genus Persephona (Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae): A comparative study

The relative growths of Persephona lichtensteinii, P. mediterranea, and P. punctata were investigated on the south-eastern Brazilian coast, focusing on differences in the growth rates between immature and mature phases, the onset of morphological sexual maturity, and the breeding seasons of these species. Crabs were collected every two months from January 1991 through to November 1992, from a shrimp fishing boat equipped with two otter-trawl nets. Significant differences in the patterns of body growth were observed between immature and mature phases of all three species. Changes in the growth rates of the chelipeds (males) and abdomen (females) observed for P. lichtensteinii, P. mediterranea, and P. punctata, seem to be related to the puberty moult for both sexes. Males of P. mediterranea and P. punctata reached larger mean sizes of carapace width than females, whereas no difference was recorded for P. lichtensteinii. The body size at which 50% of males attained sexual maturity was also larger in P. mediterranea and P. punctata, and smaller in P. lichtensteinii. The absence of a pronounced sexual dimorphism and the size at the onset of sexual maturity observed only for P. lichtensteinii might be explained by distinct reproductive strategies of males. The presence of ovigerous females during the entire sampling period suggests that all three species have a continuous reproduction pattern at the Ubatuba region. Future studies on the population structure, functional maturity, and mating system should improve the understanding of factors driving the biology and ecology of these species at a subtropical region. © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2013.

Action of the insect growth regulator fluazuron, the active ingredient of the acaricide Acatak®, in Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymphs (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

The present study evaluated the efficacy of fluazuron (active ingredient of the acaricide Acatak®) and its effects on Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymphs fed on rabbits exposed to different doses of this insect growth regulator. Three different doses of fluazuron (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) were applied on the back of hosts (via pour on), while distilled water was applied to the Control group. On the first day of treatment with fluazuron (24 h), hosts were artificially infested with R. sanguineus nymphs. Once fully engorged, nymphs were removed and placed in identified Petri dishes in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator for 7 days. After this period, engorged nymphs were processed for ultramorphological analysis. The results revealed alterations in the ultramorphology of many chitinous structures (smaller hypostome and chelicerae, less sclerotized scutum, fewer sensilla, fewer pores, absence of grooves, marginal and cervical strips and festoons in the body, even the anal plaque was damaged) that play essential roles for the survivor of ticks and that can compromise the total or partial development of nymphs and emergence of adults after periodic molting. Our findings confirm the efficacy of fluazuron, a more specific and less aggressive chemical to the environment and human health, and that does not induce resistance, in nymphs of the tick R. sanguineus in artificially infested rabbits treated with this arthropod growth regulator (AGR), indicating that it could be used in the control of this stage of the biological cycle of the tick R. sanguineus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of glycerol on GHR and IGF-1 gene expression in breast muscle and on growth of Japanese meat quails

We evaluated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the growth-hormone (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) genes in 28-day-old Japanese meat quails fed diets containing 0, 8, or 12% dietary glycerol in substitution of corn. Total RNA was extracted from the breast muscle and the DNA was amplified with specific primers using real-time PCR. Feed conversion ratio and feed intake were evaluated. The birds fed 8 and 12% glycerol presented higher IGF-1 mRNA expression [0.059 and 0.049 arbitrary units (AU), respectively] relative to those not fed with glycerol (0.029 AU), while 12% glycerol reduced GHR mRNA expression (0.022 AU). Dietary inclusion of 8% glycerol promoted similar performance results (feed conversion) as the diet with no glycerol. We conclude that inclusion of glycerol in the diet affects GHR and IGF-1 gene expression in Japanese meat quails. However, considering the performance results and the expression of the GHR and IGF-1 genes, 8% glycerol may be safely included in the diet of meat quails. © FUNPEC-RP.

Nanostructured materials based on mesoporous silica and mesoporous silica/apatite as osteogenic growth peptide carriers

The aim of this work was the preparation of inorganic mesoporous materials from silica, calcium phosphate and a nonionic surfactant and to evaluate the incorporation and release of different concentrations of osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) for application in bone regeneration. The adsorption and release of the labeled peptide with 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (OGP-CF) from the mesoporous matrix was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. The specific surface area was 880 and 484 m2 g- 1 for pure silica (SiO) and silica/apatite (SiCaP), respectively; the area influenced the percentage of incorporation of the peptide. The release of OGP-CF from the materials in simulated body fluid (SBF) was dependent on the composition of the particles, the amount of incorporated peptide and the degradation of the material. The release of 50% of the peptide content occurred at around 4 and 30 h for SiCaP and SiO, respectively. In conclusion, the materials based on SiO and SiCaP showed in vitro bioactivity and degradation; thus, these materials should be considered as alternative biomaterials for bone regeneration. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Trade, environment and development: implications for Caribbean countries

Includes bibliography

O gênero conto em Lives of Girls and Women: o labirinto de vozes em Heirs of the Living Body

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de polimorfismos em genes do eixo somatotrópico em bovinos Nelore selecionados para crescimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2014: Challenges to sustainable growth in a new external context

Includes bibliography.

Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2015: Challenges in boosting the investment cycle to reinvigorate growth

The 2015 edition of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean consists of three parts. Part I outlines the region’s economic performance in 2014 and analyses trends in the first half of 2015, as well as the outlook for the rest of the year. Part II analyses the dynamics of investment in Latin America and the Caribbean, the relationship between investment and the business cycle, the role of public investment, infrastructure gaps and the challenges in financing private investment. Part III of this publication may be accessed on the web page of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (http://www.cepal.org/en/node/33006). It contains the notes relating to the economic performance of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean in 2014 and the first half of 2015, together with their respective statistical annexes, which present the main economic indicators of the countries of the region. The cut-off date for updating the statistical information in this publication was 30 June 2015.

Avaliação da comunidade de macrófitas aquáticas no reservatório de Aimorés, composição química das principais espécies e influência da incorporação nas características químicas de um solo degradado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A comunidade ictica e suas interrelacões tróficas como indicadores de integridade biológica na área de influencia do projeto hidrelétrico Belo Monte-Rio Xingu, PA

Este estudo apresenta diferentes metodologias aplicadas para compreender o funcionamento dos ambientes de um trecho do rio Xingu (PA), em relação à comunidade de peixes que nele habitam. Através do uso da ictiofauna procurou-se confirmar alguns padrões ambientais, visando constatar o estado atual de conservação de um trecho deste rio. A partir de levantamentos da ictiofauna local conforme a variação sazonal do rio, foram feitas diferentes análises ao nível espécies, populações e guildas tróficas. No nível de organização das populações, o estudo de parâmetros biológicos tais como: taxa de crescimento corporal, tamanho corporal máximo, taxa de mortalidade e o tamanho médio do início da maturação sexual constituíram uma boa aproximação para entender a história de vida dos diferentes grupos de peixes. Foi evidenciada uma tendência das comunidades de estarem conformadas por espécies tipo r-estrategistas e com menor tamanho corporal, em relação ao número de k-estrategistas de maior tamanho. Numa abordagem funcional, foi verificado que estruturar as comunidades em guildas constitui um bom indicador tanto dos padrões de convergência de uni ecossistema afim ao setor estudado do Xingu quanto do atual estado de conservação do mesmo. Um modelo de balanço de massas construído para o setor do médio rio Xingu indicou que se trata de um sistema com grande instabilidade ambiental e, que por sua vez, se comporta como um sistema sazonalmente maduro. A aparente restrição sazonal na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares observada para o setor de rio estudado pode incidir numa máxima eficiência no uso e transferência dos mesmos no ecossistema. Uma análise biogeográfica foi feita a partir da ocorrência das espécies para contextualizar o setor do rio compreendido entre a confluência dos rios Iriri e Xingu até as proximidades do povoado de Senador José Porfirio, na bacia do Xingu. Através desta análise verificou-se que o médio (a montante das cachoeiras) e baixo Xingu (a jusante) encontram-se inseridos em duas áreas de endemismo. A baixa afinidade na composição de espécies, observada para estes dois setores, é atribuída a uma variação geográfica na paisagem. Assim, a ocorrência do limite das cachoeiras nas proximidades do povoado de Belomonte e o efeito do rio Amazonas no setor do baixo Xingu podem ser os principais fatores que explicam as diferenças na composição ictiofaunística e na abundância das espécies em relação ao setor do médio Xingu. Finalmente, ressalta-se a importância da manutenção da conectividade hidrológica como forma de manter os processos ecológicos que ligam o sistema das cabeceiras à foz, e discutem-se os eventuais impactos na dinâmica ambiental e nas espécies de peixes do médio rio Xingu que serão ocasionados com a construção do projeto hidrelétrico de Belomonte.

Determinação de parâmetros para a avaliação de carcaça em bubalinos machos no Estado do Pará

O presente estudo objetivou criar um protocolo para identificação da qualidade da carcaça de bubalinos machos abatidos no Estado do Pará. Para isso, efetuou-se o estudo em duas etapas: na primeira, utilizou-se 174 animais para a criação e implantação do protocolo de identificação da idade através do desenvolvimento dos pares de dentes incisivos e das mensurações lineares, altura de garupa e cernelha, perímetro torácico e comprimento corporal. A segunda etapa constou da comprovação do protocolo pré-estabelecido inserido dentro da avaliação das características de carcaça, através dos rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, do traseiro, dianteiro, ponta de agulha, área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura subcutânea de 76 animais abatidos. Verificou-se a ausência dos cantos decíduos 4º par nos animais de zero a três meses de idade. Os cantos estabeleceram-se definitivamente entre três e seis meses de idade. A partir dos seis meses de idade, os dentes incisivos decíduos estão todos presentes e estabelecidos. Aos 24 meses observou-se o início da troca dentária das pinças (1º par). Entre os 30 a 55 meses de idade ocorreu a troca dentária dos primeiros e segundos médios (2º e 3º par, respectivamente) e acima dos 55 meses, a troca dos cantos. Dos 55 aos 100 meses de idade, todos os dentes incisivos permanentes estavam estabelecidos. O peso vivo dos animais apresentou uma correlação positiva e significativa com as mensurações lineares, altura de garupa e cernelha, perímetro torácico e comprimento corporal. Dos 25,7 meses até os 30 meses de idade houve uma redução da taxa de crescimento, conseqüência da puberdade e acabamento da gordura de cobertura. A partir dos 18 meses de idade não houve diferença significativa de rendimento de carcaça quente e fria, do traseiro, da área de olho de lombo e da espessura de gordura subcutânea dos animais. O rendimento dianteiro foi maior em búfalos acima de 24 meses de idade e o rendimento de ponta de agulha foi maior para búfalos mais jovens. Concluiu-se que o início da troca dentária das pinças é a idade ideal para o abate, onde coincide com a redução da taxa de crescimento e da deposição de gordura de cobertura da carcaça.

Evaluation of babassu meal in feed for layer hens during the growth phase

Studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and inclusion levels of babassu meal (BM) in the diet of grower layer pullets in substitution to wheat meal. Digestibility, metabolism and growth trials were conducted. Twelve cecectomized roosters were used in the digestibility assay to determine the coefficients of standardized digestibility of amino acids (CSDAA). The metabolism trial was conducted with 30 adult roosters to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of BM. A growth trial was performed to determine replacement levels of wheat midds by BM diet using 360 six-week-old commercial layer pullets. BM was included at the 0, 75 and 150 g/kg of BM, during grower and development rearing phases, respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated. BM AMEn was determined as 1,474 kcal/kg, on as-fed basis. The CSDAA determined for BM were below 88% for all AA. The inclusion of BM in the feed of grower layers (7-18 week) significantly decreased feed intake (p < 0.05), but significantly improved body weight gain and feedconversion ratio (p < 0.05) at 15% inclusion level. Considering the nutritional value and performance results, BM can replace wheat midds in diets of grower layer pullets.

Use of mathematical models in the study of bodily growth in GIFT strain Nile tilapia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)