LaSrNiO4-lambda with K2NiF4 structure - A highly active catalyst for direct decomposition of nitrogen monoxide

A series of perovskite-like mixed oxides La(2-x)Sr(x)MO(4+lambda) (M=Cu, Co,Ni; x=0,1) was prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction. The catalytic properties of these catalysts in NO decomposition were tested. The results showed that LaSrNiO4-lambda with K2NiF4 structure is very active and stable for the decomposition of NO.

THE ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND OXIDATION REACTION OF ACTIVE INTERMEDIATES OF CYTOCHROME-P-450 MODEL SYSTEM OXOCHROMIUM(V) TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN COMPLEXES

Oxochromium (V) tetraphenylporphyrin complexes, O = Cr (V) TPP (Cl) PhI. O = Cr-(V) TPP (N3) PhI and O = Cr (V)TPP (p-CH3OC6H4O)1/2PhI were isolated from the reaction of Cr (III) TPP (Cl). Cr (III) TPP (N3) Py or Cr (III) TPP (p-CH3OC6H4O) THF with iodosy

DSC AND C-13 NMR-STUDIES OF ETHYLENE-PROPENE COPOLYMERS PREPARED BY A HIGHLY-ACTIVE AND STEREOSPECIFIC CATALYST

Ethylene-propene copolymers (EPR) were synthesized at different feed compositions using a highly active and isospecific MgCl2-supported Ti-based catalyst. The thermal behavior of EPR was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, the heterogeneity by f

SYNTHESIS AND PROPELLER-PROPELLER TRANSITION OF OPTICALLY-ACTIVE POLY(DIPHENYL-O-TOLYLMETHYL METHACRYLATE)

Diphenyl-o-tolylmethyl methacrylate (DPTMA) was synthesized and polymerized using initiators of organolithium complexes with (+) - (2S,3S) -dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino) butane (DDB) and (-) -sparteine (Sp) as the chiral ligands. DDB was suitable for its complex effective to prepare optically active poly(diphenyl-o-tolylmethyl methacrylate) (PDPTMA) with one-handed helical conformation, whereas only low-molecular weight polymer was formed when Sp was used as ligand due to the repulsive hindrance between the triarylmethyl group and the ligand. A new mutarotation, propeller-propeller transition, was observed for PDPTMA from the optical rotation curves and CD spectra in THF solution. The equivalent period of PDPTMA was estimated to be 14 angstrom based on the x-ray diffraction. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPELLER PROPELLER TRANSITION OF OPTICALLY-ACTIVE POLY(DIPHENYL-O-METHOXYPHENYLMETHYL METHACRYLATE)

Diphenyl-o-methoxyphenylmethyl methacrylate was polymerized with several organolithium complexes of chiral ligand such as (-)-sparteine (Sp) and (S,S)-(+)-2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)butane (DDB). (+)-DDB was effective in preparing a polymer of high optical rotation, whereas (-)-Sp only gave oligomers with low optical rotation for the repulsive hindrance between the bulky ester group and the rigid ligand. The optical rotation of the polymer decreased rapidly to a constant value due to the propeller-propeller transition, which has been demonstrated by H-1 n.m.r. and circular dichroic spectra.

STUDY ON THE ACTIVE-CENTERS OF METHANE COUPLING CATALYSTS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENCE EMISSION OF EU3+

Eu3+ ion was adopted as a probe to detect the probability of entrance of alkali elements into the crystal lattice of MgO, CaO and La2O3 by means of its characteristic emission. Based on the experimental data it is concluded that Li+ and Na+ ions can substitute Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions and only a small amount of K+ ion can enter into the lattice of CaO. Whilst Li+ ion can not enter into the lattice of lanthana. The conclusion of this investigation is in good agreement with that obtained by Lunsford by ESR studies.

THE ACTIVE OXYGEN ON THE LI/LA2O3 CATALYST SURFACE AND ITS CATALYTIC BEHAVIOR IN THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

The coupling selectivity was greatly enhanced by adding Li to La2O3, compared with the single La2O3. The O2- species was found on the Li/La2O3 but not on the single La2O3. In low-temperature desorption, ethane desorbed from the Li/La2O3 but was not detected with the single La2O3. It is considered that the addition of Li gave rise to some basic sites which are favorable for the coupling reaction.

A comprehensive investigation of an offshore active fault in the Western Sagami Bay, central Japan

Offshore active faults, especially those in the deep sea, are very difficult to study because of the water and sedimentary cover. To characterize the nature and geometry of offshore active faults, a combination of methods must be employed. Generally, seismic profiling is used to map these faults, but often only fault-related folds rather than fracture planes are imaged. Multi-beam swath bathymetry provides information on the structure and growth history of a fault because movements of an active fault are reflected in the bottom morphology. Submersible and deep-tow surveys allow direct observations of deformations on the seafloor (including fracture zones and microstructures). In the deep sea, linearly aligned cold seep communities provide indirect evidence for active faults and the spatial migration of their activities. The Western Sagami Bay fault (WSBF) in the western Sagami Bay off central Japan is an active fault that has been studied in detail using the above methods. The bottom morphology, fractured breccias directly observed and photographed, seismic profiles, as well as distribution and migration of cold seep communities provide evidence for the nature and geometry of the fault. Focal mechanism solutions of selected earthquakes in the western Sagami Bay during the period from 1900 to 1995 show that the maximum compression trends NW-SE and the minimum stress axis strikes NE-SW, a stress pattern indicating a left-lateral strike-slip fault.

Paleoenvironment evolution of the East Philippine Sea recorded in the new-type ferromanganese crust since the terminal Late Miocene

From systemic research of microstructure, geochemistry, uranium-series and Be-10 isotope dating on a new-type deepwater ferromanganese crust from the East Philippine Sea, the paleoenvironment evolution of the target area since the terminal Late Miocene was recovered. The vertical section changes of microstructure and chemical composition are consistent in the studied crust, which indicate three major accretion periods and corresponding paleoenvironment evolution of the crust. The bottom crust zone was formed in the terminal Late Miocene (5.6 Ma) with loose microstructure, high detritus content and high growth rate. Reductions of mineral element content, accretion rate and positive Ce-anomaly degree at 4.6 Ma indicate temporal warming, which went against the crust accretion and finally formed an accretion gap in the terminal Middle Pliocene (2.8-2.7 Ma). The more active Antarctic bottom seawaters in the Late Pliocene (2.7 Ma) facilitated the fast transfer to the top pure crust zone. Hereafter, with the further apart of volcanic source and the keeping increase of eolian material (1.0 Ma), although surrounding conditions were still favorable, mineral element content still shows an obvious reducing trend. It thereby offers new carrier and data for the unclear paleoceanographic research of the target area since the terminal Late Miocene.

Bottom simulating reflector and gas seepage in Okinawa Trough: Evidence of gas hydrate in an active back-arc basin

To look for gas hydrate, 22 multi-channel and 3 single-channel seismic lines on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf slope and at the bottom of the Okinawa Trough were examined. It was found that there was indeed bottom simulating reflector (BSR) occurrence, but it is very rare. Besides several BSRs, a gas seepage was also found. As shown by the data, both the BSR and gas seepage are all related with local geological structures, such as mud diapir, anticline, and fault-controlled graben-like structure. However, similar structural "anomalies" are quite common in the tectonically very active Okinawa Trough region, but very few of them have developed BSR or gas seepage. The article points out that the main reason is probably the low concentration of organic carbon of the sediment in this area. It was speculated that the rare occurrence of gas hydrates in this region is governed by structure-controlled fluid flow. Numerous faults and fractures form a network of high-permeability channels in the sediment and highly fractured igneous basement to allow fluid circulation and ventilation. Fluid flow in this tectonic environment is driven primarily by thermal buoyancy and takes place on a wide range of spatial scales. The fluid flow may play two roles to facilitate hydrate formation: to help gather enough methane into a small area and to modulate the thermal regime.

Warming trend in northern East China Sea in recent four decades

Global warming has become a notable trend especially since an abrupt climate change in 1976. Response of the East China Sea (ECS) to the global warming trend, however, is not well understood because of sparse long-term observation. In this paper, hydrographic observation data of 1957-1996 are collected and reviewed to study climatological variability in northern ECS. Significant warming trends are found in both summer and winter. In summer, the average SST is about 0.46A degrees C higher during the period of 1977-1996 than that of 1957-1976, and the Taiwan Warm Current Water (TWCW) was strengthened. In winter, despite of the cooling effect in the coastal areas adjacent to the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary (CRE), the average SST increase was about 0.53A degrees C during the same period. The causes of this SST warming up in summer are different from in winter. The warming trend and intensification of the TWCW in summer were primarily influenced by the strengthening of the Kuroshio transport, while the warming in winter was mainly induced by the variability of the climate system.