La dimensión transnacional del movimiento feminista marroquí: génesis, desarrollo e impacto social (1980-2008)

Esta monografía busca explicar cómo han incidido el contexto internacional y las relaciones transnacionales en el movimiento feminista de Marruecos. De este modo, este estudio defiende que las Conferencias Mundiales sobre la Mujer de la ONU crearon una estructura de oportunidad política que favoreció el surgimiento y el desarrollo de este movimiento. Asimismo, dicho contexto construyó un espacio para que las activistas feministas marroquíes crearan y se insertaran en Redes de Defensa Transnacional, las cuales contribuyeron a cambiar la condición de la mujer en Marruecos, a través de reformas a los Códigos de Familia y Nacionalidad y el levantamiento de las reservas a la CEDAW. Para esto se hará un estudio interdisciplinario haciendo uso de la teoría de los movimientos sociales y del activismo transnacional. Igualmente, se utilizará una metodología cualitativa, principalmente a través de las herramientas del análisis de contenido y el trabajo de campo de la autora.

El mundo de las empleadas administrativas : Perfiles laborales y carreras individuales (Buenos Aires, 1920-1940)

Las empleadas administrativas, representadas en la figura de la dactilógrafa, integraron el mundo del trabajo femenino en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, a lo largo de las décadas de 1920 y 1930. Por entonces, el sector administrativo de la economía se había expandido como consecuencia de un conjunto de procesos de modernización iniciados a fines del siglo XIX. Otro tanto había ocurrido con el trabajo asalariado femenino en las tareas administrativas. Si bien el imaginario social hegemónico, moldeado por los principios de la ideología de la domesticidad, concibió el trabajo asalariado como una actividad adversa para las mujeres, los empleos administrativos portaron un cierto prestigio como tareas asalariadas femeninas. Este escrito se propone dos objetivos. Por un lado, realizar una aproximación a la reconstrucción de los perfiles laborales de las empleadas administrativas a través de la indagación de las tareas realizadas, las habilidades requeridas y las remuneraciones percibidas. Por otro lado, confrontar ciertas representaciones que la cultura de masas elaboró en torno a la figura de las mencionadas empleadas. Para lo primero se analizarán avisos clasificados; para lo segundo se acudirá a crónicas periodísticas y poemas que problematizan la figura de las dactilógrafas.

Obreras, operarias y empleadas. El trabajo de las mujeres en Mar del Plata, entre los años 1940 y 1960

El articulo consiste en reconstruir entre las décadas del cuarenta y sesenta, en un período de expansión económica y comercial para la ciudad de Mar del Plata, la inserción de las mujeres y sus comportamientos en actividades que requirieron mayoritariamente mano de obra femenina como fue la industria de la conserva de pescado y la textil y en menor medida, en el comercio. Al respecto, consideramos que las experiencias de las trabajadoras en los diferentes ámbitos laborales contribuyeron a construir comportamientos sociales distintos y posiblemente, identidades también diferentes.

El mundo de las empleadas administrativas : Perfiles laborales y carreras individuales (Buenos Aires, 1920-1940)

Las empleadas administrativas, representadas en la figura de la dactilógrafa, integraron el mundo del trabajo femenino en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, a lo largo de las décadas de 1920 y 1930. Por entonces, el sector administrativo de la economía se había expandido como consecuencia de un conjunto de procesos de modernización iniciados a fines del siglo XIX. Otro tanto había ocurrido con el trabajo asalariado femenino en las tareas administrativas. Si bien el imaginario social hegemónico, moldeado por los principios de la ideología de la domesticidad, concibió el trabajo asalariado como una actividad adversa para las mujeres, los empleos administrativos portaron un cierto prestigio como tareas asalariadas femeninas. Este escrito se propone dos objetivos. Por un lado, realizar una aproximación a la reconstrucción de los perfiles laborales de las empleadas administrativas a través de la indagación de las tareas realizadas, las habilidades requeridas y las remuneraciones percibidas. Por otro lado, confrontar ciertas representaciones que la cultura de masas elaboró en torno a la figura de las mencionadas empleadas. Para lo primero se analizarán avisos clasificados; para lo segundo se acudirá a crónicas periodísticas y poemas que problematizan la figura de las dactilógrafas.

Obreras, operarias y empleadas. El trabajo de las mujeres en Mar del Plata, entre los años 1940 y 1960

El articulo consiste en reconstruir entre las décadas del cuarenta y sesenta, en un período de expansión económica y comercial para la ciudad de Mar del Plata, la inserción de las mujeres y sus comportamientos en actividades que requirieron mayoritariamente mano de obra femenina como fue la industria de la conserva de pescado y la textil y en menor medida, en el comercio. Al respecto, consideramos que las experiencias de las trabajadoras en los diferentes ámbitos laborales contribuyeron a construir comportamientos sociales distintos y posiblemente, identidades también diferentes.

El mundo de las empleadas administrativas : Perfiles laborales y carreras individuales (Buenos Aires, 1920-1940)

Las empleadas administrativas, representadas en la figura de la dactilógrafa, integraron el mundo del trabajo femenino en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, a lo largo de las décadas de 1920 y 1930. Por entonces, el sector administrativo de la economía se había expandido como consecuencia de un conjunto de procesos de modernización iniciados a fines del siglo XIX. Otro tanto había ocurrido con el trabajo asalariado femenino en las tareas administrativas. Si bien el imaginario social hegemónico, moldeado por los principios de la ideología de la domesticidad, concibió el trabajo asalariado como una actividad adversa para las mujeres, los empleos administrativos portaron un cierto prestigio como tareas asalariadas femeninas. Este escrito se propone dos objetivos. Por un lado, realizar una aproximación a la reconstrucción de los perfiles laborales de las empleadas administrativas a través de la indagación de las tareas realizadas, las habilidades requeridas y las remuneraciones percibidas. Por otro lado, confrontar ciertas representaciones que la cultura de masas elaboró en torno a la figura de las mencionadas empleadas. Para lo primero se analizarán avisos clasificados; para lo segundo se acudirá a crónicas periodísticas y poemas que problematizan la figura de las dactilógrafas.

Obreras, operarias y empleadas. El trabajo de las mujeres en Mar del Plata, entre los años 1940 y 1960

El articulo consiste en reconstruir entre las décadas del cuarenta y sesenta, en un período de expansión económica y comercial para la ciudad de Mar del Plata, la inserción de las mujeres y sus comportamientos en actividades que requirieron mayoritariamente mano de obra femenina como fue la industria de la conserva de pescado y la textil y en menor medida, en el comercio. Al respecto, consideramos que las experiencias de las trabajadoras en los diferentes ámbitos laborales contribuyeron a construir comportamientos sociales distintos y posiblemente, identidades también diferentes.

Women in support of non-violence against third world women

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Woman holding a copy of "Woman's World: Women's Liberation"

Inscription: Verso: women's rights demonstration, Bryant Park, New York.

An examination of the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health among Australian midlife and older women

Background It is well known that lifestyle factors including overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol use are largely related with morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of lifestyle factors on people’s mental health who have a chronic disease is less defined in the research. The World Health Organisation has defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”. It is important, therefore to develop an understanding of the relationships between lifestyle and mental health as this may have implications for maximising the efficacy of health promotion in people with chronic diseases. Objectives The overall aim of the research was to examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health among Australian midlife and older women. Methodology The current research measured four lifestyle factors including weight status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use. Three interconnecting studies were undertaken to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health. Study 1 investigated the longitudinal effect of lifestyle factors on mental health by using midlife and older women randomly selected from the community. Study 2 adopted a cross-sectional design, and compared the effect of lifestyle factors on mental health between midlife and older women with and without diabetes. Study 3 examined the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health among midlife and older women with diabetes. A questionnaire survey was chosen as the means to gather information, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted as the primary statistical approach. Results The research showed that the four lifestyle factors including weight status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use did impact on mental health among Australian midlife and older women. First, women with a higher BMI had lower levels of mental health than women with normal weight, but as women age, the mental health of women who were overweight and obese becomes better than that of women with normal weight. Second, women who were physically active had higher levels of mental health than those who were not. Third, smoking adversely impacted on women’s mental health. Finally, those who were past-drinkers had less anxiety symptoms than women who were non-drinkers as they age. Women with diabetes appeared to have lower levels of mental health compared to women without. However, the disparities of mental health between two groups were confounded by low levels of physical activity and co-morbidities. This finding underlines the effect of physical activity on women’s mental health, and highlights the potential of reducing the gap of mental health by promoting physical activity. In addition, self-efficacy was shown to be the mediator of the relationships between BMI, physical activity and depression, suggesting that enhancing people’s self-efficacy may be useful for mental health improvement. Conclusions In conclusion, Australian midlife and older women who live with a healthier lifestyle have higher levels of mental health. It is suggested that strategies aiming to improve people’s mental health may be more effective if they focus on enhancing people’s self-efficacy levels. This study has implications to both health education and policy development. It indicates that health professionals may need to consider clients’ mental health as an integrated part of lifestyle changing process. Furthermore, given that lifestyle factors impact on both physical and mental health, lifestyle modification should continue to be the focus of policy development.

A cohort study of Chlamydia trachomatis treatment failure in women : a study protocol

Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly diagnosed bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the developed world and diagnosis rates have increased dramatically over the last decade. Repeat infections of chlamydia are very common and may represent re-infection from an untreated partner or treatment failure. The aim of this cohort study is to estimate the proportion of women infected with chlamydia who experience treatment failure after treatment with 1 gram azithromycin. Methods/design This cohort study will follow women diagnosed with chlamydia for up to 56 days post treatment. Women will provide weekly genital specimens for further assay. The primary outcome is the proportion of women who are classified as having treatment failure 28, 42 or 56 days after recruitment. Comprehensive sexual behavior data collection and the detection of Y chromosome DNA and high discriminatory chlamydial genotyping will be used to differentiate between chlamydia re-infection and treatment failure. Azithromycin levels in high-vaginal specimens will be measured using a validated liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method to assess whether poor azithromycin absorption could be a cause of treatment failure. Chlamydia culture and minimal inhibitory concentrations will be performed to further characterize the chlamydia infections. Discussion Distinguishing between treatment failure and re-infection is important in order to refine treatment recommendations and focus infection control mechanisms. If a large proportion of repeat chlamydia infections are due to antibiotic treatment failure, then international recommendations on chlamydia treatment may need to be re-evaluated. If most are re-infections, then strategies to expedite partner treatment are necessary.

Writing the oriental woman : an examination of the representation of Japanese women in contemporary Australian crime fiction

This study considers the challenges in representing women from other cultures in the crime fiction genre. The study is presented in two parts; an exegesis and a creative practice component consisting of a full length crime fiction novel, Batafurai. The exegesis examines the historical period of a section of the novel—post-war Japan—and how the area of research known as Occupation Studies provides an insight into the conditions of women during this period. The exegesis also examines selected postcolonial theory and its exposition of representations of the 'other' as a western construct designed to serve Eurocentric ends. The genre of crime fiction is reviewed, also, to determine how characters purportedly representing Oriental cultures are constricted by established stereotypes. Two case studies are examined to investigate whether these stereotypes are still apparent in contemporary Australian crime fiction. Finally, I discuss my own novel, Batafurai, to review how I represented people of Asian background, and whether my attempts to resist stereotype were successful. My conclusion illustrates how novels written in the crime fiction genre are reliant on strategies that are action-focused, rather than character-based, and thus often use easily recognizable types to quickly establish frameworks for their stories. As a sub-set of popular fiction, crime fiction has a tendency to replicate rather than challenge established stereotypes. Where it does challenge stereotypes, it reflects a territory that popular culture has already visited, such as the 'female', 'black' or 'gay' detective. Crime fiction also has, as one of its central concerns, an interest in examining and reinforcing the notion of societal order. It repeatedly demonstrates that crime either does not pay or should not pay. One of the ways it does this is to contrast what is 'good', known and understood with what is 'bad', unknown, foreign or beyond our normal comprehension. In western culture, the east has traditionally been employed as the site of difference, and has been constantly used as a setting of contrast, excitement or fear. Crime fiction conforms to this pattern, using the east to add a richness and depth to what otherwise might become a 'dry' tale. However, when used in such a way, what is variously eastern, 'other' or Oriental can never be paramount, always falling to secondary side of the binary opposites (good/evil, known/unknown, redeemed/doomed) at work. In an age of globalisation, the challenge for contemporary writers of popular fiction is to be responsive to an audience that demands respect for all cultures. Writers must demonstrate that they are sensitive to such concerns and can skillfully manage the tensions caused by the need to deliver work that operates within the parameters of the genre, and the desire to avoid offence to any cultural or ethnic group. In my work, my strategy to manage these tensions has been to create a back-story for my characters of Asian background, developing them above mere genre types, and to situate them with credibility in time and place through appropriate historical research.

Conceptualising Women's Working Lives : Moving the Boundaries of Discourse

"Theoretical work on the career development of women has travelled a journey from critique to creation. Early work responded to and criticised a literature that focused on theorising male roles in a workplace that was conceptualised as providing vertical career paths primarily for middle class males. More recently theorists are creating new constructions and frameworks to enable a more holistic understanding of career, applicable to both women and men. These constructions include broadening the discussion from women’s careers to women’s working lives. This is the fifth book in the Sense Publishers Career Development Series. It features the vibrant work of contributors from around the world writing in the field of women’s working lives. It emphasises the need to explore theoretical connections and understandings in order to facilitate a more holistic and inclusive understanding of women’s working lives. The writers in the current volume acknowledge the changing roles of women, in both public and private spheres. Women’s roles in paid work are changing both in their nature and type of engagement. In addition, with an ageing population, women’s roles in care work are increasingly being extended from child care to aged care. This book provides a history of theorising about women's careers, in addition to presenting a focus on current empirical and theoretical work which contributes to understandings of women's working lives. It’s contributions both map the current discourse and challenge future work to extend the boundaries of that discourse."--publisher website

Born in another country : women's experience of labour and birth in Queensland, Australia

Background Women born outside Australia make up more than a fifth of the Queensland birthing population and like migrants in other parts of the world face the challenges of cultural dislocation and possible language barriers. Recognising that labour and birth are major life events the aim was to investigate the experiences of these women in comparison to native-born English speaking women. Methods Secondary analysis of data from a population based survey of women who had recently birthed in Queensland. Self-reported clinical outcomes and quality of interpersonal care of 481 women born outside Australia who spoke a language other than English at home were compared with those of 5569 Australian born women speaking only English. Results After adjustment for demographic factors and type of birthing facility, women born in another country were less likely to be induced, but more likely to have constant electronic fetal monitoring (EFM), to give birth lying on their back or side, and to have an episiotomy. Most women felt that they were treated as an individual and with kindness and respect. However, women born outside Australia were less likely to report being looked after ‘very well’ during labour and birth and to be more critical of some aspects of care. Conclusion In comparing the labour and birth experiences of women born outside the country who spoke another language with native-born English speaking women, the present study presents a largely positive picture. However, there were some marked differences in both clinical and interpersonal aspects of care.

'Women on a Wiki’ : the role of interactive websites in reflective learning practices for undergraduate women’s health students

Aim Our pedagogical research addressed the following research questions: 1) Can shared ‘cyber spaces’, such as a ‘wiki’, be occupied by undergraduate women’s health students to improve their critical thinking skills? 2) What are the learning processes via which this occurs? 3) What are the implications of this assessment trial for achieving learning objectives and outcomes in future public health undergraduate courses? Methods The students contributed written, critical reflections (approximately 250 words) to the Wiki each week following the lecture. Students reflected on a range of topics including the portrayal of women in the media, femininity, gender inequality, child bearing and rearing, domestic violence, mental health, Indigenous women, older women, and LGBTIQ communities. Their entries were anonymous, but visible to their peers. Each wiki entry contained a ‘discussion tab’ wherein online conversations were initiated. We used a social constructivist approach to grounded theory to analyse the 480 entries posted over the semester. (http://pub336womenshealth.wikispaces.com/) Results The social constructivist approach initiated by Vygotsky (1978) and further developed by Jonasson (1994) was used to analyse the students’ contributions in relation to four key thematic outcomes including: 1) Complexities in representations across contexts; 2) Critical evaluation in real world scenarios; 3) Reflective practice based on experience, and; 4) Collaborative co-construction of knowledge. Both text and image/visual contributions are provided as examples within each of these learning processes. A theoretical model depicting the interactive learning processes that occurred via discussion of the textual and visual stimulus is presented.