La formación política de los jóvenes: una necesidad de higiene democrática

La desafección aparente de los votantes hacia los procesos electorales parece ir en aumento. Algunos estudios proponen una doble vía para enderezar ese proceso: el cambio de las normas del juego democrático y la profundización en la formación política de los jóvenes. En este texto se apuesta decididamente por lo segundo y, para ello, se presentan los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en el marco de una de las actividades educativas que se realizan en el Parlamento de Cataluña con jóvenes de bachillerato. En él se exponen algunos datos que vienen a superar el estereotipo de que esa población joven, a las puertas de la mayoría de edad, tiene un conocimiento escaso de la política e incluso una desafección absoluta hacia ella. No sólo se demuestra que tienen interés por temas socialmente relevantes, sino que expresan su voluntad de acudir a las urnas en cuanto tengan oportunidad. Por supuesto, la discusión final del texto sugiere que el marco de obtención de los datos, un taller formativo con parlamentarios, facilita claramente esos resultados, y que esa corriente de inquietud que expresan los jóvenes debería ser adecuadamente canalizada en los centros escolares para redundar en su formación política y reforzar esa aparente expectación. En este sentido, el presente trabajo termina con un mapa de valores para desarrollar programas de formación política en educación secundaria

Euroopan unionin kansalaisuus : paljon melua vähästä tai vähän melua paljosta?

English summary: European Union citizenship: much ado about nothing or little ado about a great many things? (s.1285)

Regional differences in self-reported screening, prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: In Switzerland, health policies are decided at the local level, but little is known regarding their impact on the screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). We thus aimed at assessing geographical levels of CVRFs in Switzerland.¦METHODS: Swiss Health Survey for 2007 (N = 17,879). Seven administrative regions were defined: West (Leman), West-Central (Mittelland), Zurich, South (Ticino), North-West, East and Central Switzerland. Obesity, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes prevalence, treatment and screening within the last 12 months were assessed by interview.¦RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment for age, gender, educational level, marital status and Swiss citizenship, no significant differences were found between regions regarding prevalence of obesity or current smoking. Similarly, no differences were found regarding hypertension screening and prevalence. Two thirds of subjects who had been told they had high blood pressure were treated, the lowest treatment rates being found in East Switzerland: odds-ratio and [95% confidence interval] 0.65 [0.50-0.85]. Screening for hypercholesterolemia was more frequently reported in French (Leman) and Italian (Ticino) speaking regions. Four out of ten participants who had been told they had high cholesterol levels were treated and the lowest treatment rates were found in German-speaking regions. Screening for diabetes was higher in Ticino (1.24 [1.09 - 1.42]). Six out of ten participants who had been told they had diabetes were treated, the lowest treatment rates were found for German-speaking regions.¦CONCLUSIONS: In Switzerland, cardiovascular risk factor screening and management differ between regions and these differences cannot be accounted for by differences in populations' characteristics. Management of most cardiovascular risk factors could be improved.

Iowa's Barriers to Prenatal Care Project, July 2015

The findings in this summary are based on the Iowa Barriers to Prenatal Care project. Ongoing since 1991, the purpose of this project is to obtain brief, accurate information about women delivering babies in Iowa hospitals. Specifically, the project seeks to learn about women’s experiences getting prenatal or delivery care during their current pregnancy. Other information is included which may be pertinent to health planners or those concerned with the systematic development of health care services. This project is a cooperative venture of all of Iowa’s maternity hospitals, the University of Northern Iowa Center for Social and Behavioral Research, and the Iowa Department of Public Health. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded the first three years of this project. The current funding is provided by the Iowa Department of Public Health. The Director is Dr. Mary Losch, University of Northern Iowa Center for Social and Behavioral Research. The Coordinator for the project is Rodney Muilenburg. The questionnaire is distributed to nearly ninety maternity hospitals across the state of Iowa. Nursing staff or those responsible for obtaining birth certificate information in the obstetrics unit are responsible for approaching all birth mothers prior to dismissal to request their participation in the study. The questionnaire takes approximately ten minutes to complete. Completed questionnaires are returned to the University of Northern Iowa Center for Social and Behavioral Research for data entry and analysis. Returns are made monthly, weekly, or biweekly depending on the number of births per week in a given hospital. Except in the case of a mother who is too ill to complete the questionnaire, all mothers are eligible to be recruited for participation. The present yearly report includes an analysis of large Iowa cities, frequencies by income, and a trend analysis of the last ten years. Also presented in this report is a frequency analysis of all variables included in the 2014 questionnaire. Unless otherwise noted, all entries reflect percentages. Please note that, because percentages were rounded, total values may not equal 100%. Data presented are based upon 2014 questionnaires received to date (n = 24,696). All analyses reflect unweighted percentages of those responding.

La brecha digital, una brecha simbólica

Peer-reviewed

Orientalisme, colonialisme i gènere. ‘El Marroc sensual i fanàtic’ d'Aurora Bertrana

Els autors s’endinsen en aquest article en l’estudi de les relacions entre geografia, orientalisme i colonialisme a Europa al tombant del segle passat, tot introduint la perspectiva de gènere i en el marc d'un interès més general per la història del pensament geogràfic contemporani. Ho fan a partir de l’anàlisi contextualitzada d'un text de l’època que fa referència al cas espanyol i a la seva aventura colonial africana. Es tracta del llibre El Marroc sensual i fanàtic (1936) d’Aurora Bertrana, una versió molt elaborada del discurs de la diferència i una bona il•lustració de la literatura de viatges de dones europees, força excepcional i atípica -això sí- en el context literari català i espanyol de l’època

Estratègies en la presa de decisió d’una jugadora i el seu entrenador en el rugbi femení d’alt nivell = Estrategias en la toma de decisión de una jugadora y su entrenador en el rugby femenino de alto nivel

This research compared knowledge representation of a female rugby player and her coach concerning decision-making of the fly half in attack from second phase play. The current female England fly half and the England Women’s Rugby head coach analysed, from the fly half perspective, 15 sequences of the England v Spain match played during the 2002 Women’s Rugby World Cup in Barcelona. Protocol analysis of subjects’ verbal reports revealed that the player generated more overall concepts than the coach. The player’s analysis was based on condition-action statements related to goals. In contrast, the knowledge representation of the coach centred on conditions related to actions. Both subjects generated regulatory and do concepts in a similar way, with a majority of positive feedbacks. Knowledge structure of the player appeared to be more complex, but sophistication of concepts was similar for both subjects. Critical analysis of complete sequences viewed revealed a more severe self-assessment of the player compared with that of her coach. In conclusion, and despite the differences found between subjects, the player and her coach demonstrated possession of a similar pattern of decision-making strategies that could be due to a successful transmission of knowledge from the coach to his player

Alaistaito osuustoiminnallisessa yrityksessä

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata ja ymmärtää osuustoiminnallisen yrityksen alaistaitoja henkilöstön näkökulmasta. Alaistaitoja pyritään ymmärtämään psykologisen sopimuksen, luottamuksen ja organisaatioon sitoutumisen kautta. Tavoitteena on kartoittaa henkilöstön käsityksiä alaistaidoista. Lisäksi pyritään ymmärtämään mitä osuustoiminnallisuus on henkilöstön näkökulmasta ja minkälaisia yhteyksiä sillä on henkilöstön alaistaitoihin. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen tutkimus, jossa tutkimusmetodina on käytetty teemahaastattelua. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty kahdellatoista yksilöhaastattelulla tutkimuksen kohteena olevan organisaation henkilöstöstä. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että toimihenkilöiden hahmottamat mahdollisuudet olla osallisena johtamistyössä sekä esimiesten odotukset ja toiveet alaisten toteuttamista alaistaidoista ovat samansuuntaisia. Eroavaisuudet toimihenkilöiden ja esimiesten alaistaito käsityksistä liittyvät työyhteisöön ja esimieheen suuntautuvaan vuorovaikutukseen sekä ammatillisen kasvun menetelmiin. Osuustoiminnallisuus luo pohjaa yhteisöllisyydellä ja sitoutumisen kautta.

Potential health-care service utilization substitution effects induced by case management for emergency department frequent users

BACKGROUND: In most of the emergency departments (ED) in developed countries, a subset of patients visits the ED frequently. Despite their small numbers, these patients are the source of a disproportionally high number of all ED visits, and use a significant proportion of healthcare resources. They place a heavy economic burden on hospital and healthcare systems budgets overall. Several interventions have been carried out to improve the management of these ED frequent users. Case management has been shown in some North American studies to reduce ED utilization and costs. In these studies, cost analyses have been carried out from the hospital perspective without examining the costs induced by healthcare consumed in the community. However, case management might reduce ED visits and costs from the hospital's perspective, but induce substitution effects, and increase health service utilization outside the hospital. This study examined if an interdisciplinary case-management intervention-compared to standard ED care -reduced costs generated by frequent ED users not only from the hospital perspective, but also from the healthcare system perspective-that is, from a broader perspective taking into account the costs of healthcare services used outside the hospital. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 250 adult frequent emergency department users (5 or more visits during the previous 12 months) who visited the ED of the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland, between May 2012 and July 2013 were allocated to one of two groups: case management intervention (CM) or standard ED care (SC), and followed up for 12 months. Depending on the perspective of the analysis, costs were evaluated differently. For the analysis from the hospital's perspective, the true value of resources used to provide services was used as a cost estimate. These data were obtained from the hospital's analytical accounting system. For the analysis from the health-care system perspective, all health-care services consumed by users and charged were used as an estimate of costs. These data were obtained from health insurance providers for a subsample of participants. To allow comparisons in a same time period, individual monthly average costs were calculated. Multivariate linear models including a fixed effect "group" were run using socio-demographic characteristics and health-related variables as controlling variables (age, gender, educational level, citizenship, marital status, somatic and mental health problems, and risk behaviors).

Frequent users of the emergency department in a universal health coverage system : a randomized controlled trial of a case-management intervention

BACKGROUND: Frequent emergency department users represent a small number of patients but account for a large number of emergency department visits. They should be a focus because they are often vulnerable patients with many risk factors affecting their quality of life (QoL). Case management interventions have resulted in a significant decrease in emergency department visits, but association with QoL has not been assessed. One aim of our study was to examine to what extent an interdisciplinary case management intervention, compared to standard emergency care, improved frequent emergency department users' QoL. METHODS: Data are part of a randomized, controlled trial designed to improve frequent emergency department users' QoL and use of health-care resources at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. In total, 250 frequent emergency department users (≥5 attendances during the previous 12 months; ≥ 18 years of age) were interviewed between May 2012 and July 2013. Following an assessment focused on social characteristics; social, mental, and somatic determinants of health; risk behaviors; health care use; and QoL, participants were randomly assigned to the control or the intervention group (n=125 in each group). The final sample included 194 participants (20 deaths, 36 dropouts, n=96 in the intervention group, n=99 in the control group). Participants in the intervention group received a case management intervention by an interdisciplinary, mobile team in addition to standard emergency care. The case management intervention involved four nurses and a physician who provided counseling and assistance concerning social determinants of health, substance-use disorders, and access to the health-care system. The participants' QoL was evaluated by a study nurse using the WHOQOL-BREF five times during the study (at baseline, and at 2, 5.5, 9, and 12 months). Four of the six WHOQOL dimensions of QoL were retained here: physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment, with scores ranging from 0 (low QoL) to 100 (high QoL). A linear, mixed-effects model with participants as a random effect was run to analyze the change in QoL over time. The effects of time, participants' group, and the interaction between time and group were tested. These effects were controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and health-related variables (i.e., age, gender, education, citizenship, marital status, type of financial resources, proficiency in French, somatic and mental health problems, and behaviors at risk).

Educació intercultural i ciutadania. Presentació

El concepte de ciutadania constitueix un d"aquells exemples en els quals l"evolució del significat del terme es vincula a processos d"interacció que han modificat l"essència de les relacions socials, tot i que de vegades no se sap ben bé si són els discursos els que s"adapten a la realitat o si és la realitat la que està construïda a partir de canvis en el discurs. De fet, en el context de la Grècia clàssica o de la Roma imperial, el concepte de ciutadania, portava aparellat una situació de privilegi, ja fos per diferenciar-se d"altres grups amb menor quota de poder social -el cas dels esclaus- ja fos per establir diferències en funció del lloc de naixement -els nascuts a Roma- que descrivia situacions diferenciades a les d"altres períodes històrics

Identification-commitment inventory (ICI-Model): confirmatory factor analysis and construct validity

The aim of this study is to confirm the factorial structure of the Identification-Commitment Inventory (ICI) developed within the frame of the Human System Audit (HSA) (Quijano et al. in Revist Psicol Soc Apl 10(2):27-61, 2000; Pap Psicól Revist Col Of Psicó 29:92-106, 2008). Commitment and identification are understood by the HSA at an individual level as part of the quality of human processes and resources in an organization; and therefore as antecedents of important organizational outcomes, such as personnel turnover intentions, organizational citizenship behavior, etc. (Meyer et al. in J Org Behav 27:665-683, 2006). The theoretical integrative model which underlies ICI Quijano et al. (2000) was tested in a sample (N = 625) of workers in a Spanish public hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling was performed. Elliptical least square solution was chosen as estimator procedure on account of non-normal distribution of the variables. The results confirm the goodness of fit of an integrative model, which underlies the relation between Commitment and Identification, although each one is operatively different.

Formación para la ciudadanía y educación superior

La universidad es el lugar en el que se aprende el conjunto de saberes que permitirán al futuro titulado ejercer una profesión o dedicarse al ámbito de la investigación. Sin embargo, no resulta tan obvio que la universidad sea un lugar en el que se aprenda un conjunto de saberes éticos y ciudadanos. En este artículo se sostiene que una de las funciones de la formación universitaria es de carácter ético y que no puede entenderse una formación universitaria de calidad que no incorpore de forma sistemática y rigurosa situaciones de aprendizaje ético y de formación ciudadana. Se identifican tres dimensiones formativas en la función ética de la universidad en la sociedad actual: la formación deontológica relativa al ejercicio de las diferentes profesiones; la formación ciudadana y cívica de sus estudiantes; y, finalmente, la formación humana, personal y social, que contribuya a la optimización ética y moral de las futuras y futuros titulados en tanto que personas. Se argumenta que una formación universitaria de calidad no puede separar la formación profesional de la formación ciudadana y se ofrecen tres razones: la primera relacionada con el concepto actual de formación universitaria; la segunda con el objetivo de cohesión social y no sólo de competitividad que debería tener como misión la universidad hoy; y la tercera derivada de las investigaciones sobre desarrollo moral y aprendizaje ético. Se presentan cinco ámbitos de la formación universitaria en los que es posible integrar acciones y establecer pautas u orientaciones que favorezcan la formación en valores y el aprendizaje ético de los futuros graduados y graduadas: el de los contenidos curriculares, el de la relación entre estudiantes y profesores, el de las formas de organización social de las tareas de aprendizaje, el de la cultura participativa e institucional y el de la implicación comunitaria del aprendizaje académico.

Ciutat, escola i participació infantil: avaluació i innovacions del projecte"La participació dels infants a la ciutat"

Actualment, la participació infantil és una responsabilitat compartida per municipi i escola. L"experiència del projecte La participació dels infants a la ciutat, des de 1998, treballa per promoure la participació dels infants a la ciutat. En els resultats del projecte, que s"emmarca en una investigació-acció, destaquen els elements que els infants identifiquen que han après i la seva utilitat, com també els aspectes que consideren que els han agradat més i menys del conjunt del projecte dut a terme a l"aula. La percepció dels infants ajuda a avaluar i identificar innovacions de forma participada.

Economics breeds culture

Several recent papers document the influence and long lasting effects of technology on preferences. Simultaneously, cultural factors are often invoked to explain heterogeneity in preferences. These two ideas suggest that culture determines the short run equilibrium values of economic variables, but, in the long run, culture changes in response to the underlying economic fundamentals. We build a model in which preferences are endogenous and the diversity in preferences (the "cultural" diversity) is explained by the variation in the relevant economic fundamentals. This can help explain observed differences in labor market attachment among groups defined e.g., by citizenship, ethnicity or gender.