Retratos da Espanha em Os fantasmas de Goya

1792, Madri. After years of inactivity, the Spanish Inquisition is born again with the mission of containing the laic winds that blow from the revolutionary France. Inês Bilbatúa, a rich merchant’s daugther, is victim of the inquisitorial machinery which tortures and violates her, through one of their abetters, the Dominican monk Lorenzo. Before being arrested, the young lady had served as model for the painter Francisco of Goya, who had also portrayed the monk Lorenzo. The Aragonese painter’s figure serves as narrative conductor of a history that narrates the young Inês’ via crucis and, at the same time, it recreates the historical scenery of the Napoleonic invasion (1808), through a basic element, the painting. Our work intends to analyze the relationships among movie, painting and history present in “Goya’s ghosts” (2006), of the Czech director Milos Forman (1932) - whose script was adapted to a homonymous book in 2007 -, a movie that is based on the artistic production of Francisco of Goya y Lucientes (1746 -1828), official painter of Carlos’ IV (1788 -1808) court and the most lucid columnist of his time, that knew how to capture in his works the religious fanaticism, the populist fervour, the governor’s hypocrisy and the horror and the violence of the war.

Retratos sociológicos: uma metodologia de investigação para a pesquisa em educação

Recently, Bourdieu’s sociological tradition has emerged as an important trend in research in science education. This paper presents some critiques elaborated by Bernard Lahire towards Bourdieu’s sociological approach. The main purpose of our incursion into Lahire’s critique is to argue and introduce the methodology of sociological portraits as an important resource for research in science education. After describing this methodology, it is illustrated with a portrait of dropout on an undergraduate course in chemistry. Diogo’s portrait illustrates, at the empirical level, some basic features of individual dispositions (variability, genesis, transferability, dichotomy and contextuality). From this portrait, it was possible to illustrate how the resonance between students’ and institution’s dispositions helps explain their sense of membership and belonging to the course. Finally, we highlight some potentialities of sociological portraits to the purposes of sociological research in science education.

Influence of a Z+(1540) resonance on K+N scattering

The impact of a (I=0, JP=1/2+)Z+(1540) resonance with a width of 5 MeV or more on the K+N(I=0) elastic cross section and on the P01 phase shift is examined within the KN meson-exchange model of the Jülich group. It is shown that the rather strong enhancement of the cross section caused by the presence of a Z + with the above properties is not compatible with the existing empirical information on KN scattering. Only a much narrower Z+ state could be reconciled with the existing data - or, alternatively, the Z + state must lie at an energy much closer to the KN threshold.

Teorie e immagini del governo "misto" nel Cinquecento: i casi di Gasparo Contarini, Donato Giannotti, Paolo Paruta e Traiano Boccalini

This doctoral dissertation faces the debated topic of the traditions of Republicanism in the Modern Age assuming, as a point of view, the problem of the "mixed" government. The research therefore dwells upon the use of this model in Sixteenth-Century Italy, also in connection with the historical events of two standard Republics such as Florence and Venice. The work focuses on Donato Giannotti (1492-1573), Gasparo Contarini (1483-1542) and Paolo Paruta (1540-1598), as the main figures in order to reconstruct the debate on "mixed" constitution: in them, decisive in the attention paid to the peculiar structure of the Venetian Republic, the only of a certain dimension and power to survive after 1530. The research takes into account also the writings of Traiano Boccalini (1556-1613): he himself, though being involved in the same topics of debate, sets for some aspects his considerations in the framework of a new theme, that of Reason of State.

The year-long unprecedented European heat and drought of 1540 – a worst case

The heat waves of 2003 in Western Europe and 2010 in Russia, commonly labelled as rare climatic anomalies outside of previous experience, are often taken as harbingers of more frequent extremes in the global warming-influenced future. However, a recent reconstruction of spring–summer temperatures for WE resulted in the likelihood of significantly higher temperatures in 1540. In order to check the plausibility of this result we investigated the severity of the 1540 drought by putting forward the argument of the known soil desiccation-temperature feedback. Based on more than 300 first-hand documentary weather report sources originating from an area of 2 to 3 million km2, we show that Europe was affected by an unprecedented 11-month-long Megadrought. The estimated number of precipitation days and precipitation amount for Central and Western Europe in 1540 is significantly lower than the 100-year minima of the instrumental measurement period for spring, summer and autumn. This result is supported by independent documentary evidence about extremely low river flows and Europe-wide wild-, forest- and settlement fires. We found that an event of this severity cannot be simulated by state-of-the-art climate models.

'Dime cómo hablas y te diré dónde vives'. Percepción lingüística y representaciones geosociales en la ciudad de Lima

Esta contribución se inscribe dentro de un proyecto de investigación en marcha desde enero de 2012 que tiene por objetivo analizar la percepción de las hablas limeñas y las actitudes frente a éstas que tienen los hablantes de la capital del Perú, en directa relación con las representaciones geosociales que manejan de su ciudad, para lo cual partimos del concepto de estilos de interacción. Al hablar de representaciones geosociales queremos hacer hincapié en el hecho de que nuestra investigación no gira en torno a datos efectivos, empíricamente comprobables mediante censos y estudios socioeconómicos sobre la composición sociodemográfica de Lima Metropolitana y sus distritos, sino que se centra en los mapas sociales que forman y perfilan sus habitantes como consecuencia de sus experiencias individuales y de percepciones colectivas sociohistórica y culturalmente motivadas. Subrayemos entonces que el enfoque teórico de este estudio es constructivista, a partir del cual se analizará cómo los hablantes de Lima, en tanto que actores sociales, moldean su espacio urbano mediante las percepciones de la lengua y en interacción dinámica con “el otro” . Dentro de este marco, en el presente estudio nos ocupamos específicamente de la manera como es percibida por jóvenes limeñas la forma de hablar de otras limeñas jóvenes cuyos padres proceden de la Sierra peruana: ¿qué rasgos actúan como indicadores socio-étnicos y dónde, sobre la base de dichas percepciones, son “localizadas” en los mapas mentales de las entrevistadas estas “nuevas” limeñas? Estas preguntas son relevantes en relación con las hablas limeñas porque dada la situación de la ciudad de Lima, cuya población ha crecido fuertemente debido a la emigración de habitantes originarios de otras regiones del país, un estudio sobre las percepciones, representaciones y actitudes que tienen las jóvenes limeñas puede dar luces acerca de la existencia de nuevas variedades fruto del contacto interdialectal en Lima, de su reconocimiento y de su aceptabilidad sociolingüística por parte de los hablantes.