The unusual NF[kappa]B inhibitor I[kappa]B NS regulates Foxp3 expression

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. f��r Naturwiss., Diss., 2012

Vinha��a e adubos minerais(I)

In this paper it is studied the action of vinasse as compared to mineral fertilizers. Beans, corn, cotton and sesame were cultivated in randomized blocks receiving the following treatments: A = mineral fertilizers (N, P, K); V = vinasse at the rate of 1,000,000 liters per Ha; AV = mineral fertilizers + vinasse; T = control. Statistical analysis of the experiments has consistently revealed the superiority of vinasse either combined or not with the mineral fertilizers over the remaining treatments. There was no significant difference between V and AV which shows the surprizing role of vinasse when applied to light soils such as those employed in the present experiments. By employing 1,000,000 liters of vinasse to the hectare the following amounts of nutrientes were applied to the crops in this experiment: 470 Kg of nitrogen 50 Kg of P2O5 and 3,100 Kg of K2O corresponds to 3,133 Kg of Chilean nitrate/ha 250 Kg of superphosphate and 5,160 Kg of muriate of potash Hence one cannot say that the action of vinasse is of a purely physical nature. In our opinion its outstanding action is due to: 1st raise in the pH value of the soil; 2nd addition of a tremendous amount of plant nutrients; 3rd supplying organic matter in a very finely divided state with all its benefical effects in soil structure, water holding capacity, adsorption of nutrients to prevent leaching, etc. A rotation experiment is now being carried out to study the residual effect of vinasse.

Aduba����o da mandioca (Manihot utilissima Pohl.) I: ensaio em areia lavada (Nota pr��via)

This paper deals with the preliminary results of a sand culture experiment carried out to obtain physiological bases to study the fertilization of cassava in the State of S��o Paulo. On the other hand, the authors are interested in the possible influence of mineral nutrients in the quantity and quality of starch. Cassava (Manihot utilissima Pohl.), "Branca de Sta. Catarina" variety, was grown under the following treatments: NO PO KO, NO P1 K1, N1 P0 Kl, NI P1K0, N2 p1 Kl N1 P2 K1 and N1 P1 K2. A striking response to phosphorus was observed among the treatments. However, once secured the necessary phosphoric level to the plant, the production becomes limited by nitrogen; in other words, increase in yield can be accomplished only by raising the nitrogenous level. The present results suggest that the remarkable effects of phosphates applied to cassava cultures in the State of S��o Paulo are due not only to the poor quality of our soils, as far phosphorus is concerned: we are facing a positive physiological response showed by the plant.

Contribui����o ao estudo da aplica����o do m��todo da diagnose foliar ao algodoeiro (Grossypium hirsutum L., var. I. A. C. 817) II

This paper deal with one experiment carried out in order to study the correlation between petioles analysis and seed cotton yield. A 3X3X3 factorial with respect to N, P2 0(5) and K2 O was installed in a sandy soil with low potash content and medium amounts of total N and easily extractable P. Two kinds of petioles, newly mature were collected for analysis: those attached to fruit hearing branches, and petioles located on the stem; the first group is conventionally named "productive petioles"; The second one is called "not productive petioles". Petioles' sampling was done when the first blossoms appeared. Yield date showed a marked response to potash, both nitrogen and phosphorus having no effect. Very good correlation was found between petioles potash and yield. Both types of petioles samples were equally good indicators of the potash status of the plants. By mathematical treatment of the date it followes that the highed yield which was possible under experimental conditions, 1.562 kg of seed cotton per hectare would be reacher by using 128 kg of K2O per hectare. With this amount of potash supplied to the plants the following K levels would be expected in the petioles: "productive petioles" "not productive petioles" 1,93 % K 1,85 % K

Sombreamento dos caf��zais I.: resultados de tr��s ciclos bienais (1953/1958) obtidos na escola "Luiz de Queiroz"

The present paper discusses the data obtained in shade and unshaded coffee plots at Piracicaba, S��o Paulo, Brazil. The results, analysed statistically, can be summarized as follows: a) unshaded plots produced 17% more than shaded ones; b) the percentage of coffee berry borer infestation was higher in shaded plots as compared with unshaded ones; c) the percentage of green (not ripened fruits) depends of the harvest time. When the harvest was retarded, the percentage of green fruits was higher in the shaded plots. When the percentage of green fruits was the same, both in shaded and unshaded plots, the percentage of ripened was higher and the percentage of dried fruits was lesser in the shaded plots as compared with unshaded ones; d) other comparisons as production of dried grains by the field fruits, relation between dried fruits and dried grains and cup-test by expert coffee-taster, did not show differences among shaded and unshaded plots.

Cin��tica da rea����o de redu����o de nitrato a nitrito por actinomicetos isolados de solo I - Influ��ncia da concentra����o hidrog��nio-i��nica

Among some strains of Actinomycetes isolated from Latosol red-yelow soil during the four seasons of the year only few strains had the capacity to reduce nitrate to nitrite. The stronger activity was shown by t !he strains isolated in springtime and at a pH of 5,5.

Atividade proteol��tica e amonificante de v��rios tipos de solo do estado de S��o Paulo. I. - Solo latosol vermelho amarelo, com e sem cobertura morta

Os autores estudam, no presente trabalho, um solo tipo Latosol Vermelho Amarelo, com e sem cobertura morta, em 2 profundidades diferentes. Concluiram s��bre as vantagens de se manter um solo com cobertura morta que permite um aumento da microflora total e dos elementos nutritivos, confirmado pelo pronunciado ��ndice de atividade protel��tica e amonificante do solo.

Influ��ncia do desponte s��bre a composi����o do c��lmo e do caldo da cana-de-a��ucar, I. Var. Co 421

I. This paper deals with an experiment carried out to evaluate the effect of the sugar cane upper end on the composition of the sugar cane harvest as a raw material for the sugar industry. The variety studied was Co 421. The authors intend to study other varieties in the future. The data were collected from plant cane, at intervals of two weeks, always from the same field, from a small central area of 3.000 square meters approximately. Sixty (60) stalks were cut in each occasion, randomly chosen from the whole area. They were afterwards separated into three groups of 20 stalks, one for each of the treatments, namely: a) Complete stalks, with no leaves or sheaths. b) Stalks harvested by the technique of REYNOSO, that is, as usually done in practice. c) Stalks with the tops completely cut out, that is, cut by technique of REYNOSO and then with 3 other top internodes eliminated. The treatments caused significant differences on the following technological characteristics: a) Weight b) Cane pol c) Available sucrose (pol) per cent cane d) Cane juice pol e) Saline coefficient of juice. II. Except for weight, all changes were favorable to treatment c, even if with differences relatively slight, in percentage. IIII. Treatment differences for cane fiber, brix, reducing sugars, juice ashes, coefficient of purity and glucose coefficient were not significant. IV. Time of harvest was an important factor affecting the composition of the cane and of the juice. V. On the average the available sucrose of cane for treatments, with an standard error of 0.13%, was: Treatment c 13.05% Treatment b 12.65% Treatment a 12.53% This shows that there is no sound basis for the heavy fines applied by some sugar mills to planters who do not cut low enough the tops of the cane stalks.

I - Ocorr��ncia das dom��cias nas angiospermas

Do estudo pormenorizado que fizemos em t��o copioso material, assinalamos a presen��a de dom��cias em 42 esp��cies distintas, distribuidas entre 28 fam��lias pertencentes ��s Angiospermas. Cumpre salientar que registramos a ocorr��ncia desses pequeninos ��rg��os nas f��lhas, tanto de ��rvores e arbustos, como de trepadeiras e plantas de pequeno porte. As dom��cias foram assinaladas n��o s�� na inser����o das nervuras de 1.�� e 2.�� ordem, que �� o caso mais comum, como tamb��m s��bre a nervura principal e na superf��cie do limbo, bem pr��ximo aos bordos da f��lha, constituindo nesse ��ltimo caso, novos tipos por n��s discutidos em trabalho �� parte. Registramos, pela primeira v��z, mais 17 fam��lias novas entre as plantas acar��filas. Relacionamos por ordem alfab��tica as fam��lias cujas esp��cies apresentavam dom��cias, assim como os nomes das plantas, o tipo e localiza����o das dom��cias, etc., empregando a Classifica����o de CHEVALIER E CHESNAIS (1941). Os tipos de dom��cias catalogados distribuim-se entre as fam��lias da seguinte maneira: a) Dom��cias em "tufo de p��los" - encontradas em plantas das seguintes fam��lias: Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Caricaceae, Caryocaraceae, Dilleniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Juglandaceae, Leguminosae, Meliaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Onagraceae, Oxalidaceae, Phytolacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae, Saxifragaceae e Verbenaceae. b) Dom��cias "em fenda" - encontradas nas fam��lias: Lauraceae, Marcgraviaceae e Meliaceae. c) Dom��cias "em bolsa" - registradas nas seguintes fam��lias: Amaranthaceae, Anonaceae, Bignoniaceae, Labiatae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Lythraceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae e Vitaceae. d) Alguns tipos de dom��cias - encontrados nas fam��lias: Anacardiaceae, Onagraceae, Oxalidaceae, Apocynaceae, Caricaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Meliaceae e Leguminosae.

Sele����o de variedades de soja (Glycine Max (L.) Merril ): I. Analises Bromatol��gicas

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o fito de estabelecer uma sele����o pr��via entre 32 variedaeds de soja (Glycine max. (L.) Merril), com base nas an��lises bromatol��gicas das sementes. Foram determinados teores de umidade (U), cinzas (RM), prote��na bruta (PB), gordura bruta ou extrato et��reo (EE), fibra bruta (F) e extrativo n��o nitrogenado (ENN). As an��lises da vari��ncia permitem tirar as seguintes conclus��es: 1) Entre as variedades classificadas no grupo forrageiro e comest��vel, tem-se: Mandarin 8a (40,16% PB), Bicolor de Calai (39,64% PB) e Alian��a (38,70% PB). 2) De acordo com a classifica����o estabelecida, para o grupo produtor de ��leo, as variedades Lee, Hood, Lincoln (Blanco) Improved Pelican (2), Lincoln (Morado) e Improved Pelican (1), se destacam com 21,76, 21,65, 21,62, 21,35, 21,13 e 21,04% de EE respectivamente. 3) As variedades que apresentaram menor percentagem de fibra s��o: Hern��njn.0 107, Hood, Mogiana, Hill e Selection n.�� 135, com 9,59; 9,62; 9,68; 10,02 e 10,12% F respectivamente. 4) Encontrou-se uma correla����o positiva entre o teor de prote��na bruta e o de cinzas.

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Estudo sobre a Alimenta����o Mineral do algodoeiro I: marcha da absorp����o do macronutrientes (Nota pr��via)

Cotton (variety I. A. C. 11) was grown on a sandy soil under two treatments, namely: (1) NPK + lime and (2) no fertilizers. Three weeks after planting a systematic sampling of entire plants was done every other week. In the laboratory determinations of dry weight were made and afterwards the various plant partes were submitted to chemical analyses, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) being determined. The aim of this work was to obtain information on the periods in which the absorption of the several macronutrients was more intense, this providing a clue for time of application of certain mineral fertilizers. Data obtained hereby allowed for the following main conclusions. The initial rate of growth of the cotton plant, judged by the determinations of dry weight, is rather slow. Seven weeks after planting and again five weeks two distinct periods of rapid growth take place. The uptake of macronutrients is rather small until the first flowers show up. From there on the absorption of minerals is intensified. From the time in which fruits are being formed to full maturity, the crop draws from the soil nearly 75 percent of the total amount of elements required to complet life cycle. This seams to point out the need for late dressings of fertilizers, particularly of those containing N and K. The following amounts of element in Kg/ha were absorbed by the fertilized plants: N - 83.2 P - 8.1 K - 65.5 Ca - 61.7 Mg - 12.8 and S - 33.2. The three major macronutrients, namely, N. P and K are exported as seed cotton in the following proportions with respect to the total amounts taken up by the entire crop: N - 1/3, P - 1/2 and K - 1/3.

Estado atual da determina����o do carbono no solo I: em solos contendo de 0,2 a 4,0% de carbono

O presente trabalho relata os dados obtidos na determina����o do carbono por dois m��todos diferentes em dez amostras de solo, cujo teor em C variava de 0,2-0,3% a 3,4-4,2%. Um dos m��todos foi o baseado na combust��o por via seca, a 550-600��C, associado �� volumetria de gases. O outro m��todo fundamentou-se na oxida����o do carbono, com solu����o de dicromato a quente (banho-maria), titulando-se o excesso de oxidante por iodometria. Foram executadas cinco determina����es em cada amostra de terra, pelos dois m��todos estudados. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que a precis��o dos dois m��todos foi similar. Entretanto, o m��todo por via ��mida forneceu sempre uma porcentagem de carbono inferior �� obtida pelo m��todo baseado na combust��o por via seca. Assim, nas dez amostras estudadas, o m��todo por via ��mida forneceu de 68,8 a 93,4% do carbono determinado por combust��o, por via seca. Finalmente, deve ser salientado que o m��todo de combust��o por via seca, associado com volumetria de gases, �� muito mais r��pido do que o por via ��mida e determina todas as formas de carbono org��nico do solo.