Antocianinas, ácido ascórbico, polifenoles totales y actividad antioxidante, en la cáscara de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) McVaugh)

Este trabajo fue realizado en la UNAS, Tingo María, Perú. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el contenido de antocianinas, ácido ascórbico, y polifenoles totales, en la cáscara fresca y seca de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) McVaugh) en diferentes estados de madurez; evaluar la actividad antioxidante en la cáscara seca, usando diferentes tipos de radicales (DPPH, ABTS+ y Peroxilo) y correlacionar el valor de ácido ascórbico y polifenoles totales con la actividad antioxidante. La extracción fue realizada en medio acuoso, y los resultados de las evaluaciones de cada experimento fueron analizados por un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), según la prueba de t-student (p < 0,05). El extracto de la cáscara de la muestra madura fresca mostró las concentraciones más elevadas de ácido ascórbico y antocianinas en relación al pintón y verde, con 21,95 mg.g-1 cáscara, y 46,42 mg.L-1 de cianidin-3-glucósido, respectivamente, mientras que el extracto de la cáscara seca del pintón mostró el mayor valor de ácido ascórbico y polifenoles totales con 53,49 mg.g-1 muestra y 7,70 mg de Ac. Gálico/g muestra. La mayor actividad antioxidante, fue en los extractos de la cáscara seca de muestra pintón, con IC50 = 46,20; 20,25 y 8,30 μg.mL-1 frente a los radicales DPPH, ABTS+ y Peroxilo respectivamente.

Raw-appearing Restructured fish models made with Sodium alginate or Microbial transglutaminase and effect of chilled storage

Restructuring by adding Sodium Alginate or Microbial Transglutaminase (MTGase) using cold gelation technology make it possible to obtain many different raw products from minced and/or chopped fish muscle that are suitable for being used as the basis of new restructured products with different physicochemical properties and even different compositions. Special consideration must be given to their shelf-life and the changes that may take place during chilling, both in visual appearance and physicochemical properties. After chilled storage, the restructured models made with different muscular particle size and composition at low temperature (5 °C), it was observed that microbial growth limited the shelf-life to 7-14 days. Mechanical properties increased (p < 0.05) during that time, and higher values were observed in samples elaborated by joining small muscle particle size than in those elaborated by homogenization. There was no clear increase in the cooking yield and purge loss, and no significant colour change (p > 0.05) was detected during storage.

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The effect of relative humidity on tensile strength and water vapor permeability in chitosan, fish gelatin and transglutaminase edible films

Abstract Composite films of chitosan, fish gelatin and microbial transglutaminase (MTgase) were developed. Films were produced by the casting method and dried at room temperature for 30 h, conditioned for 7 days at 30 °C at a relative humidity (RH) from 11 to 90%, and characterized. Chitosan:fish gelatin films in different proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50) with MTgase, were subjected to tensile properties and water vapor transmission (WVT) testing. The results showed that tensile strength decreased with an increase in RH and with an increase in gelatin content. Percent of elongation also increased with increasing RH and gelatin concentration. Water vapor transmission showed an increase proportional to an increase in RH with the presence of gelatin being unfavorable for reducing WVT. Results in this work allowed studying the effect of relative humidity on tensile and water vapor properties of chitosan and fish gelatin films.

Preparação das subamostras, temperatura e período de secagem na determinação do grau de umidade de sementes de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a preparação das subamostras (sementes inteiras e cortadas), temperaturas (80 e 105ºC) e períodos de secagem (12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 e 96 horas) na determinação do grau de umidade de sementes de camu-camu. Paralelamente, foi avaliado o número de sementes por quilograma, visando a utilização da tabela de tolerâncias máximas permitidas para as diferenças entre duas subamostras, e analisada a variação dos resultados de grau de umidade entre subamostras de lotes de sementes. Desse modo, foi verificado que o número de sementes por quilograma é inferior a 5000 unidades e que 33% dos lotes ultrapassaram as tolerâncias de grau de umidade admitidas pelas Regras de Análise de Sementes brasileiras. Por outro lado, não foi possível estabelecer o método mais apropriado à determinação do grau de umidade das sementes dessa espécie, mas foram considerados como inadequados a combinação sementes cortadas/temperatura de 105ºC, em qualquer período de exposição, e as combinações de sementes inteiras e de sementes cortadas na temperatura de 80ºC/12 horas de exposição.

Efeito dos substratos e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de Cnidosculus phyllacanthus Pax & K. Hoffm. (Faveleira)

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo estudar diferentes substratos e temperaturas para germinação de sementes de faveleira. Foram testadas as temperaturas constantes de 25º e 30ºC e alternadas com amplitudes de 5ºC (30-35ºC), 10ºC (20-30º e 25-35ºC) e 15ºC (20-35ºC), e fotoperíodo de oito horas para a temperatura mais elevada e dezesseis horas para a temperatura mais baixa. Os substratos papel de filtro, areia, vermiculita e papel germitest, foram umedecidos com solução de nistatina 0,2%. Para o teste de germinação em laboratório para sementes de faveleira pode-se recomendar os substratos areia, vermiculita, papel germitest e papel filtro combinado com temperaturas alternadas de 20ºC -30ºC. Para o teste de vigor, velocidade de germinação de sementes de faveleira, pode-se recomendar o substrato papel filtro combinado com as temperaturas alternadas de 20ºC -30ºC.

Drying and germination of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum (willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.) seeds

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of drying on germination of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng) K. Schum.) seeds. Desiccation was in forced air oven, with temperature ranging from 23 to 33ºC. Sowing was carried out at 0.5cm of depth in plastic trays in sand and sawdust mixture (1:1), previously sterilized in hot water (100ºC), during 2h. Seeds were left to germinate in a laboratory with no temperature and relative humidity control, under natural light. It was quantified the seed moisture content, in four replications of 10 seeds; the germination percentage, performed during 30 days, with daily counts of the number of germinated seeds; the germination speed index; and number of days to the germination onset. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 25 seeds. The reduction of moisture content from 58.6 to 37.8% did not affect seed germination and germination speed index; however, they were affected when moisture content was reduced to values below 30.7%. It was observed that only when moisture content was 16.1% seeds demanded more days to begin germination. Cupuassu seeds are classified as recalcitrant and they can be desiccated up to 37.8% with no reduction on germination.