Espectroscopia no infravermelho e método quimiométrico para a pesquisa de antimicrobianos em leite da microrregião de Pato Branco - PR

Considering the social and economic importance that the milk has, the objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and quantifying antimicrobial residues in the food. The samples were collected in dairy industry of southwestern Paraná state and thus they were able to cover all ten municipalities in the region of Pato Branco. The work focused on the development of appropriate models for the identification and quantification of analytes: tetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, chloramphenicol and ampicillin, all antimicrobials with health interest. For the calibration procedure and validation of the models was used the Infrared Spectroscopy Fourier Transform associated with chemometric method based on Partial Least Squares regression (PLS - Partial Least Squares). To prepare a work solution antimicrobials, the five analytes of interest were used in increasing doses, namely tetracycline from 0 to 0.60 ppm, sulfamethazine 0 to 0.12 ppm, sulfadimethoxine 0 to 2.40 ppm chloramphenicol 0 1.20 ppm and ampicillin 0 to 1.80 ppm to perform the work with the interest in multiresidues analysis. The performance of the models constructed was evaluated through the figures of merit: mean square error of calibration and cross-validation, correlation coefficients and offset performance ratio. For the purposes of applicability in this work, it is considered that the models generated for Tetracycline, Sulfadimethoxine and Chloramphenicol were considered viable, with the greatest predictive power and efficiency, then were employed to evaluate the quality of raw milk from the region of Pato Branco . Among the analyzed samples by NIR, 70% were in conformity with sanitary legislation, and 5% of these samples had concentrations below the Maximum Residue permitted, and is also satisfactory. However 30% of the sample set showed unsatisfactory results when evaluating the contamination with antimicrobials residues, which is non conformity related to the presence of antimicrobial unauthorized use or concentrations above the permitted limits. With the development of this work can be said that laboratory tests in the food area, using infrared spectroscopy with multivariate calibration was also good, fast in analysis, reduced costs and with minimum generation of laboratory waste. Thus, the alternative method proposed meets the quality concerns and desired efficiency by industrial sectors and society in general.

Estudo da intercalação de fontes de potássio em caulinita pura, com tratamento térmico e ativação ácida

The chemical changes in clay minerals has been widely studied in order to improve its properties for use in various applications. However kaolinite has strong hydrogen bonds between their adjacent layers hindering the process changes in its structure. With the objective to facilitate the process of intercalation monobasic potassium phosphate, bibasic potassium phosphate and potassium acetate we was performed on kaolinite heat treatment at 600 °C and activated acidic with phosphoric acid and 5 to 10 mol L-1. The samples they were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy Fourier Transform (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTG) and the superficial and textural changes the samples with heat treatment and acid activation they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Textural Analysis of Adsorption/desorption N2. With the help of the techniques found that, the heat treatment becomes more susceptible to acid activation kaolinite making the samples with two treatments show larger amounts of phosphorus. It was also found that bibasic potassium phosphate binds more strongly the structure of kaolinite by having a structure with two-coordinating oxygens and intercalation with potassium acetate in acid-activated kaolin increases the interlayer distance of the kaolinite and the intercalation occurs with higher response index (RI) for samples with acid activation to 5 mol /L.

Estudo da influência da morfologia de nanopartículas de sílica mesoporosa na liberação do anticancerígeno indol-3-carbinol

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, 2015.

Desenvolvimento de um biossensor para monitorização de acetilcolina, um biomarcador associado à Doença de Alzheimer

A presente dissertação teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e caracterização de sensores potenciométricos com base em polímeros de impressão molecular (MIP, do inglês, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer) para a determinação da molécula alvo, a acetilcolina. A acetilcolina (ACh) é um neurotransmissor que está associado à doença de Alzheimer. Os materiais biomiméticos desenvolvidos para a interação com a ACh foram obtidos por polimerização em bulk, recorrendo a uma combinação de nanotubos de carbono com monómeros de anilina, dispersos em solvente plastificante oNFOE e PVC. Para aferir sobre o efeito da impressão de ACh na resposta dos materiais MIP, foram igualmente preparados e avaliados materiais de controlo, ou seja, materiais sem impressão molecular (NIP). O controlo da constituição química destes materiais foi realizado recorrendo a Espectroscopia de Raman e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR, do inglês Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy). Os materiais desenvolvidos foram integrados em membranas seletivas de ião, preparadas com ou sem aditivo iónico lipófilo, de carga negativa ou positiva. A avaliação das características gerais das membranas baseou-se na comparação das caraterísticas dos diversos elétrodos. Estas caraterísticas foram obtidas a partir de curvas de calibração, conseguidas para valores de pH diferentes. Em meio ácido, mais precisamente para pH 4, as membranas com materiais impressos e aditivo aniónico foram as que apresentaram as melhores características analíticas, quer em termos de sensibilidade (+83,86 mV década-1) quer em gama de linearidade (de 3,52×10-5 a 1,73×10-3 M). O estudo de seletividade realizado aos sensores revelou que os elétrodos cuja membrana possuía aditivo aniónico apresentavam menores valores de log KPOT. A presença desse constituinte fez com que a seletividade aumentasse nesses mesmos elétrodos. A espécie menos interferente foi a creatina e a mais interferente a creatinina. Os elétrodos foram, ainda, aplicados em amostras de soro sintético. A qualidade dos resultados obtidos dependeu do nível de concentração em estudo, sendo possível identificar uma região onde os resultados foram exatos e precisos. De uma forma geral, os biossensores com MIP e aditivo aniónico apresentaram um desempenho adequado à prossecução deste estudo em amostras reais.

FTIR, a potential tool to dementia diagnosis trough analysis of plasma

Nowadays it is still difficult to perform an early and accurate diagnosis of dementia, therefore many research focus on the finding of new dementia biomarkers that can aid in that purpose. So scientists try to find a noninvasive, rapid, and relatively inexpensive procedures for early diagnosis purpose. Several studies demonstrated that the utilization of spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy could be an useful and accurate procedure to diagnose dementia. As several biochemical mechanisms related to neurodegeneration and dementia can lead to changes in plasma components and others peripheral body fluids, blood-based samples and spectroscopic analyses can be used as a more simple and less invasive technique. This work is intended to confirm some of the hypotheses of previous studies in which FTIR was used in the study of plasma samples of possible patient with AD and respective controls and verify the reproducibility of this spectroscopic technique in the analysis of such samples. Through the spectroscopic analysis combined with multivariate analysis it is possible to discriminate controls and demented samples and identify key spectroscopic differences between these two groups of samples which allows the identification of metabolites altered in this disease. It can be concluded that there are three spectral regions, 3500-2700 cm -1, 1800-1400 cm-1 and 1200-900 cm-1 where it can be extracted relevant spectroscopic information. In the first region, the main conclusion that is possible to take is that there is an unbalance between the content of saturated and unsaturated lipids. In the 1800-1400 cm-1 region it is possible to see the presence of protein aggregates and the change in protein conformation for highly stable parallel β-sheet. The last region showed the presence of products of lipid peroxidation related to impairment of membranes, and nucleic acids oxidative damage. FTIR technique and the information gathered in this work can be used in the construction of classification models that may be used for the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction.

A influência da incorporação de ácido α-eleosteárico, purificado e isolado do óleo de tungue, na dinâmica molecular de lipossomos

Este trabalho descreve o isolamento e purificação do ácido α-eleosteárico (α-ESA) a partir do óleo de tungue e sua caracterização por espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), cromatografia gasosa acoplada com espectrometria de massas (GC-MS) e espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de 1H e 13C. O α-ESA apresenta atividades biológicas (antitumorais, anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes), tornando-se importante compreender sua interação com membranas lipídicas. Assim, este trabalho também descreve resultados referentes ao efeito da incorporação de α-ESA na dinâmica molecular de lipossomos compostos por fosfatidilcolina. O sistema lipossomal puro e contendo α-ESA foi caracterizado através do uso de espectroscopia de UV-visível, FTIR, RMN e calorimetria de varredura diferencial (DSC). Como resultados da purificação do α-ESA, obtivemos uma pureza de 95,9% utilizando acetona como solvente de recristalização em detrimento dos 92,2% em solução etanólica. Na incorporação em lipossomos, observou-se uma maior interação do α-ESA com a parte polar, de interface e os primeiros metilenos da região apolar da fosfatidilcolina. Além disso, α-ESA apresentou um efeito de redução da fluidez de lipossomos. Os resultados contribuem para a geração de conhecimento para o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas farmacológicos.

Alteration of the bone tissue material properties in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy study

International audience

Nonuniform Depth Distribution Selection with Discrete Fourier Transform

info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress

Modelagem da propagação sonora em dutos : abordagem matemática no domínio da frequência e do tempo utilizando transformada de laplace

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Integridade de Materiais da Engenharia, 2016.

Ecuaciones diferenciales

El libro consta de 8 capítulos, en el capítulo 1 se hace una reseña histórica de las ecuaciones diferenciales y se dan algunas generalidades de estas incluyendo la existencia de la solución de una ecuación diferencial. En los capítulos 2, 3, y 4 se hace un estudio de las ecuaciones diferenciales de primer orden y de ecuaciones de orden superior, que con una transformación se pueden solucionar como ecuaciones diferenciales de primer orden, y se dan aplicaciones varias de estas ecuaciones. En los capítulos 5 y 6 se estudian las ecuaciones diferenciales de orden superior incluyendo algunas ecuaciones no lineales y se dan algunas aplicaciones de estas. El capítulo 7 está dedicado a la transformada de Laplace y el capítulo 8 a series de Fourier y una introducción a las ecuaciones diferenciales parciales.

Influência do uso de combustíveis alternativos na síntese por combustão via microondas para a produção de materiais cerâmicos com estrutura espinélio

The development and study of detectors sensitive to flammable combustible and toxic gases at low cost is a crucial technology challenge to enable marketable versions to the market in general. Solid state sensors are attractive for commercial purposes by the strength and lifetime, because it isn t consumed in the reaction with the gas. In parallel, the use of synthesis techniques more viable for the applicability on an industrial scale are more attractive to produce commercial products. In this context ceramics with spinel structure were obtained by microwave-assisted combustion for application to flammable fuel gas detectors. Additionally, alternatives organic-reducers were employed to study the influence of those in the synthesis process and the differences in performance and properties of the powders obtained. The organic- reducers were characterized by Thermogravimetry (TG) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG). After synthesis, the samples were heat treated and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), analysis by specific area by BET Method and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Quantification of phases and structural parameters were carried through Rietveld method. The methodology was effective to obtain Ni-Mn mixed oxides. The fuels influenced in obtaining spinel phase and morphology of the samples, however samples calcined at 950 °C there is just the spinel phase in the material regardless of the organic-reducer. Therefore, differences in performance are expected in technological applications when sample equal in phase but with different morphologies are tested

Síntese e impregnação de peneiras moleculares Fe MCM-41 derivada de sílica da casca do arroz

The mesoporous molecular sieves of the MCM-41 and FeMCM-41 type are considered promissory as support for metals used as catalysts in oil-based materials refine processes and as adsorbents for environmental protection proposes. In this work MCM-41 and FeMCM41 were synthesized using rice husk ash - RHA as alternative to the conventional silica source. Hydrothermal synthesis was the method chosen to prepare the materials. Pre-defined synthesis parameters were 100°C for 168 hours, later the precursor was calcinated at 550°C for 2 hours under nitrogen and air flow. The sieves containing different proportions of iron were produced by two routes: introduction of iron salt direct synthesis; and a modification post synthesis consisting in iron salt 1 % and 5% impregnation in the material followed by thermal decomposition. The molecular sieves were characterized by X ray diffraction XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, X ray fluorescence spectroscopy XFR, scanning electronic microscopy SEM, specific surface area using the BET method, Termogravimetry TG. The kinetic model of Flynn Wall was used with the aim of determining the apparent activation energy of the surfactant remove (CTMABr) in the MCM- 41 porous. The analysis made possible the morphology characterization, identifying the presence of hexagonal structure typical for mesoporous materials, as well as observation of the MCM41 and iron of characteristic bands.

Análisis de las concepciones del estudiante mediante la contextualización de la Serie de Fourier en fenómenos de transferencia

En este trabajo de investigación se hace referencia a una problemática de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la serie de Fourier en una escuela de ingeniería. Se considera que un factor que predomina en esta problemática es la desvinculación entre las áreas de la matemática y la especialidad. Para ello se propone, el contextualizar ala serie de Fourier en un fenómeno de transferencia de masa, propio del medio cultural en que se desarrolla un estudiante de ingeniería. Esperándose que mediante la integración de estas nociones, se presente un proceso de construcción de conceptos relacionados en este núcleo de formación. En esta perspectiva, la tarea de este trabajo, es el análisis de las concepciones del estudiante en el desarrollo de su conocimiento acerca de la serie de Fourier en el contexto indicado.