SNAP-25 and synaptotagmin involvement in the final Ca(2+)-dependent triggering of neurotransmitter exocytosis.

In neurons, depolarization induces Ca2+ influx leading to fusion of synaptic vesicles docked at the active zone for neurotransmitter release. While a number of proteins have now been identified and postulated to participate in the assembly and subsequent disengagement of a vesicle docking complex for fusion, the mechanism that ultimately triggers neuroexocytosis remains elusive. Using a cell-free, lysed synaptosomal membrane preparation, we show that Ca2+ alone is sufficient to trigger secretion of glutamate and furthermore that Ca(2+)-signaled exocytosis is effectively blocked by antibodies and peptides to SNAP-25, a key constituent of the vesicle docking complex. In addition, Ca2+ inhibits the ability of synaptotagmin, a synaptic vesicle protein proposed as a calcium sensor and triggering device, to associate with this docking complex. These results support a model in which Ca(2+)-dependent triggering of neurotransmission at central synapses acts after ATP-dependent potentiation of the docking-fusion complex for membrane fusion.

Cloning, expression, and distribution of a Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel beta-subunit from human brain.

We have cloned and expressed a Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel beta-subunit from human brain. The open reading frame encodes a 191-amino acid protein possessing significant homology to a previously described subunit cloned from bovine muscle. The gene for this subunit is located on chromosome 5 at band q34 (hslo-beta). There is no evidence for alternative RNA splicing of this gene product. hslo-beta mRNA is abundantly expressed in smooth muscle, but expression levels are low in most other tissues, including brain. Brain subregions in which beta-subunit mRNA expression is relatively high are the hippocampus and corpus callosum. The coexpression of hslo-beta mRNA together with hslo-alpha subunits in either Xenopus oocytes or stably transfected HEK 293 cells give rise to Ca(2+)-activated potassium currents with a much increased calcium and/or voltage sensitivity. These data indicate that the beta-subunit shows a tissue distribution different to that of the alpha-subunit, and in many tissues there may be no association of alpha-subunits with beta-subunits. These beta-subunits can play a functional role in the regulation of neuronal excitability by tuning the Ca2+ and/or the voltage dependence of alpha-subunits.

Schachzabelbuch : manuscript, [ca. 1390]-1408

Schachzabelbuch (ff. 1-87r; incomplete at the beginning) -- Heil- und Segenssprüche (87r-88v) -- Tageszeiten (89r-144v) -- Kalender (145r-159v) -- Heil- und Segenssprüche (160r-v).

[Lines from The Adulateur, ca. 1772]

One leaf containing a handwritten set of lines for Cassius from The Adulateur: A Tragedy, as it is now acted in Upper Servia written by Mercy Otis Warren in 1772.

Committee notebook, ca. 1798

Small paper notebook containing handwritten facts and figures documenting the benefits received by the town of Cambridge from the College. The notebook contains much of the same information in the Committee notebook (HUM 79 Box 1, Folder 55). Most entries list financial benefits such as the College's payments to local tradesman, the schoolmaster, and the first parish minister, as well as income received by local merchants and boarding houses from College students and officers. The cover is inscribed "Committee."

[Notes regarding academic taxation exemptions], ca. 1798

One-leaf folio-sized set of handwritten notes and extracts regarding New England academic institutions that received tax exemptions.

Poems copied by James Diman, ca. 1730-1733

Small pamphlet-sized notebook containing handwritten transcriptions of three poems copied by James Diman, likely in the early 1730s. The notebook contains "The Catholic Remedy. to ye Tune of To all you Ladies, not at land &c.," "Father Ab--y's Will. Col. Sweeper Camb: Dec. 1731," and "The Poet's Lamentation for ye Loss of his cat, w'ch he used to call his Muse" copied from the London Magazine, November 1733. The "Catholic Remedy" begins "You Peope who desire to mend / your Desperate Estate..." and includes the note, "Made upon A--D--'s goving over to take orders. The note refers to the voyage of Addington Davenport (Harvard AB 1719) to England join the priesthood of the Church of England in 1730. "Father Ab--y's Will" begins "To my dear Wife, / My joy and Life..." and was a humorous poem published in 1731 after the death of Harvard College Sweeper Matthew Abdy, and attributed to Jonathan Seccombe (Harvard AB 1728). The "Poet's Lamentation" begins "Oppress'd with Grief, in heavy strains I mourn..." and was written by Joseph Green (Harvard AB 1726) as a parody of a psalm composed by Mather Byles (Harvard AB 1725). Pages 10-12, holding part of "Father Ab--y's Will" are missing, and pages 13-15 are no longer attached to the item.

Mathematical notebook attributed to Thaddeus Mason Harris, ca. 1787

Hardcover notebook containing handwritten transcriptions of rules, cases, and examples from 18th century mathematical texts. The author and purpose of the volume is unclear, though it has been connected with Thaddeus Mason Harris (Harvard AB 1787). Most of the entries include questions and related answers, suggesting the notebook was used as a manuscript textbook and workbook. The extracts appear to be copied from John Dean's " Practical arithmetic" (published in 1756 and 1761), Daniel Fenning's "The young algebraist's companion" (published in multiple editions beginning in 1750), and Martin Clare's "Youth's introduction to trade and business" (extracts first included in 1748 edition).

Photograph of a young man with a beard, ca. 1885-1890

Cabinet card featuring the bust of an unidentified young man with a long beard. "Goldsmith ECG 374 Main St. Springfield, Mass" refers to the photography business of Edwin C. Goldsmith. The back of the card is blank.

The invention of letters annotated by Charles Pinckney Sumner, ca. 1795-1796

Interleaved second-edition copy of Robert Treat Paine's poem "The Invention of Letters" with handwritten excerpts of 18th century poetry copied by Charles Pinckney Sumner. The excerpts appear to be verses alluded to, or emulated, by Paine in the poem. For example, Paine's verse includes "Beneath the shade, which Freedom's oak displays" and Sumner on the opposite page quoted Alexander Pope's poetry, "Beneath the shade a spreading beech displays." The excerpts include poetry by Alexander Pope, James Thompson, Robert Dodsley, William Falconer, William Hayley, Samuel Rogers, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Thomas Gray, and John Denham.

Worcester, Massachusetts, ca. 1860 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the city of Worcester, Mass. : from actual surveys under the direction of P. Ball, C.E. It was published by Smith & Mc.Kinney, between 1850 and 1860. Scale [ca. 1:3,600]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001) coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, public buildings, schools, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, etc.), selected private buildings with names of property owners, town and ward boundaries, cemeteries, and more. Includes also engravings of important buildings and advertisements in margins. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea Region, ca. 1715 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A map of the West-Indies or the islands of America in the North Sea : with ye adjacent countries, explaning [sic] what belongs to Spain, England, France, Holland &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye galeons and flota from place to place : according to ye newest and most exact observations, by Herman Moll, geographer. It was printed for Tho. Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill ca. 1715. Scale [ca. 1:4,300,000]. Covers the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea Region including parts of southern United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the North American Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes also historical notes and insets.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hannover, Germany, ca. 1740 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Accurata et novissima repraesentatio ichnographica Hannoverae, sedis urbis et electoralis Brunsuico-Luneburgensis = Hannover, die Churfürst. Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Haupt- und Residentz-Stadt an der Leine gelegen, Aeri incidit et excudit Matthaeus Seutter, S. C. M. Geograph. It was published by M. Seutter ca. 1740. Scale [ca. 1:3,780]. Covers Hannover, Germany. Map in Latin and German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 3 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Includes indexes, illustrations, and text.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Kiel, Germany, ca. 1736 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Die Herzogl. Holstein-Gottorp. Residenz- See- und Handelstadt Kiel sambt dessen Hafen in einem accuraten Plan u. Prospect entworfen = Sereniss. Ducis Holsato-Gottorpiensis Sedes et celebre Emporium Kilonium una cum ejus Portu ichno- et scenographice accurate delineatum, delineante G. C. Holmer. It was published by Officina Homanniana ca. 1736. Scale [ca. 1:4,000]. Covers Kiel, Germany. Map in German and Latin.Note: Two maps appear on this sheet. The larger scale map of Kiel is the portion of the image that has been georeferenced.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 3 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Includes also indexes and 2 views of Kiel.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Red Sea Region, North Africa, ca. 1730 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de l'Egypte, de la Nubie, de l'Abyssinie &c., par Guillaume de l'Isle, de l'Academie Royal a Paris. It was published by Chez Henri de Leth, a l'enseigne du Pecheur ca. 1730. Scale [ca. 1:9,250,000]. Covers the Red Sea region, North Africa including portions of the Middle East and Europe. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Sinusoidal projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, major roads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.