Switching Axial Progenitors from Producing Trunk to Tail Tissues in Vertebrate Embryos

The vertebrate body is made by progressive addition of new tissue from progenitors at the posterior embryonic end. Axial extension involves different mechanisms that produce internal organs in the trunk but not in the tail. We show that Gdf11 signaling is a major coordinator of the trunk-to-tail transition. Without Gdf11 signaling, the switch from trunk to tail is significantly delayed, and its premature activation brings the hindlimbs and cloaca next to the forelimbs, leaving extremely short trunks. Gdf11 activity includes activation of Isl1 to promote formation of the hindlimbs and cloaca-associated mesoderm as the most posterior derivatives of lateral mesoderm progenitors. Gdf11 also coordinates reallocation of bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors from the anterior primitive streak to the tail bud, in part by reducing the retinoic acid available to the progenitors. Our findings provide a perspective to understand the evolution of the vertebrate body plan.

An SDF approach to hedge funds’ tail risk: evidence from Brazilian funds

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to obtain a hedge fund tail risk measure. Our measure builds on the methodologies proposed by Almeida and Garcia (2015) and Almeida, Ardison, Garcia, and Vicente (2016), which rely in solving dual minimization problems of Cressie Read discrepancy functions in spaces of probability measures. Due to the recently documented robustness of the Hellinger estimator (Kitamura et al., 2013), we adopt within the Cressie Read family, this specific discrepancy as loss function. From this choice, we derive a minimum Hellinger risk-neutral measure that correctly prices an observed panel of hedge fund returns. The estimated risk-neutral measure is used to construct our tail risk measure by pricing synthetic out-of-the-money put options on hedge fund returns of ten specific categories. We provide a detailed description of our methodology, extract the aggregate Tail risk hedge fund factor for Brazilian funds, and as a by product, a set of individual Tail risk factors for each specific hedge fund category.

Functional approximation of graphical displays.

Issued also as thesis (M.S.) University of Illinois.

An approximation method for solving the sofa problem,

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Adiabatic approximation for dynamics of a particle in the field of a tapered solenoid /

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Mode of access: Internet.

First and second order beam optics of a curved, inclined magnetic field boundary in the impulse approximation /

"AEC Contract AT(04-3)-400."

Carte ankologique de l'île de Gotland, indiquant les bassins, les lignes de partage des eaux et les courbes de niveau, outre un plan général de dessèchement de 22,000 hectares, avec 12 cartes de détail de districts différents de drainage, dressé, dans les années 1872-77,

Mode of access: Internet.

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Shipping list no.: 87-323-P.

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"Les pages ... ont été déjà publiées dans les Annales de la science agronomique, sous le titre de Notes prises au cours de zootechnie de A. Mallèvre."--Verso of t.-p.

De la péripneumonie épizootique du gros bétail; rapport général des travaux de la Commission Scientifique instituée près le Ministère de l'Agriculture, du Commerce et des Travaux Publics.

Mode of access: Internet.