Plantaciones esclavistas azucareras y transformación ecológica en Cuba

Resumen Este trabajo estudia la historia de las implicaciones ecológico-ambientales del azúcar en Cuba durante la etapa del auge de la plantación esclavista entre 1800 y 1870 aproximadamente. En primer lugar, analiza las dos problemáticas que más llamaron la atención de los contemporáneos por sus implicaciones para el mantenimiento de la propia economía plantacionista, a saber: la creciente escasez de combustible y la pérdida de la fertilidad de los suelos. En segundo lugar, se exploran algunas manifestaciones del impacto sobre la biodiversidad a partir de la llegada de las plantaciones esclavistas a distintos territorios. Por último, se ofrece una primera aproximación a las implicaciones de este proceso para los regímenes hidrológicos locales y la contaminación de los acuíferos por la industria azucarera, un tema que cuenta con escasas referencias en la bibliografía existente. Abstract This paper studies the history of ecological-environmental consequences of cane sugar plantation in Cuba between 1800 and 1870. First, it analyzes two major problems for the existence of cane sugar plantation: the increasing lack of fuel and fertility loss. Second, it explores some impacts on biodiversity produced by the slavery plantation extension to different lands. Finally, it offers a first look at the implications of this extension on hydrologic local regimes and aquifer contamination by sugar cane industry.

Cafuza, Mulata, Negra: body and memory in the discourse of brazilian beers

This article aims to undertake a discursive analysis of the label and advertising material of three beers sold in Brazil: the Cafuza beer, the Mulata beer and Devassa Negra beer. Starting from the regularity that binds and weaves the statements in question - the reference to the African-Brazilian woman - the objective is to present an analysis that considers the semiotic nature of these statements, and bring out their enunciation margins and its historical dimension. The purpose is to analyze the discursive thread that provides conditions of emergence, providing visibility to the scenario of enslavement still perdurable here as historical a priori, in a game of memories that echo through time. What we will see is the body of the black woman (also mulatto and black-indian woman) caught by a discourse that comes from the image of the female sexual slavery and reaches today its exacerbation, especially if we think of the (con)fusion established between the brand names of those beers and the women printed on their labels: products to be consumed? As a theoretical and methodological framework, this article will have as a starting point the discussions made within the French Discourse Analysis in the course of the 1980s. We will bring forward a discussion, although in general, on how emerges, in that decade, the concerns about a semiotic materiality of discourse, beyond the linguistic materiality. Anchored by this panorama, our goal is to work out new perspectives through its analytical application. It is the attempt to take the statement considering the different languages that comprise it, as well as to provide it with the historical density intrinsic to it, making it appear, in the light of the day, what was not visible immediately.