Ultra-broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification by matching of both group-velocity and pulse-front

Ultra-broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification is analyzed based the compensation of phase-mismatch, which is achieved by matching of both group-velocity and pulse-front between signal and idler by the combination of the noncollinear-phase-match and pulse-front-tilt. The results show exactly matching of both group-velocity and pulse-front is the important criterion for constructing an UBOPCPA. Its general model is developed, in which the group velocities, noncollinear angles. spatial walk-off angles, linear angular spectral dispersion coefficients and pulse-front tilted angles are suitably linked to each other. Finally, specific numerical calculations and simulations are presented for beta-barium borate OPCPA with type-1 noncollinear angularly dispersed geometry. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental and theoretical analysis of nondegenerate ultrabroadband chirped pulse optical parametric amplification

Experimental investigations of nondegenerate ultrabroadband chirped pulse optical parametric amplification have been carried out. The general mathematical expressions for evaluating parametric bandwidth, gain and gain bandwidth for arbitrary three-wave mixing parametric amplifiers are presented. In our experiments, a type-I noncollinear phase-matched optical parametric amplifier based on lithium triborate, which was pumped by a 5-ns second harmonic pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG operating at 10 Hz, seeded by a 14-fs Ti:sapphire laser at 800 nm, was presented. The 0.85 nJ energy of input chirped signal pulse with 57-FWHM has been amplified to 3.1 muJ at pump intensity 3 GW/cm(2), the corresponding parametric gain reached 3.6 x 10(3), the 53 nm-FWHM gain spectrum bandwidth of output signal has been obtained. The large gain and broad gain bandwidth, which have been confirmed experimentally, provide great potentials to amplify efficiently the broad bandwidth femtosecond light pulses to generate new extremes in power, intensity, and pulse duration using optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers pumped by powerful nanosecond systems.

Investigation of spectral bandwidth of optical parametric amplification

The spectral bandwidth of three-wave-mixing optical parametric amplification has been investigated. A general mathematical model for evaluating the spectral bandwidth of optical parametric amplification is developed with parametric bandwidth and gain bandwidth via three-wave noncollinear interactions. The spectral bandwidth is determined by expanding the wave-vector mismatch in a Taylor series and retaining terms through second order. The model takes into account the effects of crystal length, noncollinear angle, group velocity, group-velocity dispersion and gain coefficient. The relation between parametric bandwidth and gain bandwidth is clearly defined. The model is applied to a BBO OPA, a LBO OPA and a CLBO OPA.

Compact and efficient triple-pass optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Compact and efficient triple-pass optical parametric chirped pulse amplification in a single crystal has been demonstrated. The signal was triple-pass amplified in a single nonlinear crystal by a nanosecond pump pulse. The first-pass optical parametric amplification is completely phase matched in the plane of the maximum effective nonlinearity, and the other two passes work symmetrically near to the first-pass optical parametric amplification plane. This architecture efficiently increases the overall gain, overcomes the optical parametric fluorescence, and clearly simplifies the amplification scheme.

Stacking chirped pulse optical parametric amplification

Stacking chirped pulse optical parametric amplification based on a home-built Yb(3+)-doped mode-locked fiber laser and an all-fiber pulse stacker has been demonstrated. Energic 11 mJ shaped pulses with pulse duration of 2.3 ns and a net total gain of higher than 1.1 x 10(7) at fluctuation less than 2% rms are achieved by optical parametric amplification pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG frequency-doubled laser, which provides a simple and efficient amplification scheme for temporally shaped pulses by stacking chirped pulse. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

新外显子的起源与功能及短同源序列介导转录滑动产生嵌合RNA 的研究

新外显子的起源是一种重要的增加转录组和蛋白质组多样性的分子机制。 对于新外显子及其父本基因的进化和功能特征方面还有很多重要的问题有待于 解决。本研究首先在全基因组水平上鉴定在人和小鼠中产生的新外显子，随后 对这些外显子及其父本基因作进化和功能上的分析。我们发现新外显子倾向于 位于基因的UTR 区域，尤其是5’ UTR 区域，这表明可能有些新外显子的出现 与基因的表达调控相关。我们还发现，产生新外显子的基因具有较高的组织表 达特异性，其基因功能倾向于细胞调控和与外界环境相互作用。通过对外群中 直系同源基因的分析，我们的结果表明进化速率较高的基因更容易获得新的外 显子，纠正了先前认为的获得新外显子会加速基因进化速率的看法。 我们对哺乳类CDYL 基因家族中产生的新外显子进行了具体的进化分析和 功能研究。我们的结果表明CDYL 基因在哺乳类分化前在原先的基因上游区域 获得了一个新的启动子和三个新的外显子。随后在哺乳动物各个支系的分化中， CDYL 基因在小鼠，狗和人中分别独立的进化出一个新的外显子。同源比对的 结果表明，这些新外显子是通过内含子序列的外显子化这一分子机制产生。近 缘物种间的进化速率的计算结果表明这些新产生的外显子具有快速进化的模 式，并且其快速进化可能是由正选择所驱动。在人中，多种突变包括新外显子 的获得，启动子的改变，选择性剪切的发生使得人的CDYL 基因获得了一种新 的编码更长蛋白质的剪切体。在人Hela 细胞系中的实验表明，新产生的蛋白质 与原有的蛋白质相比都具有显著的转录抑制活性，但新的蛋白质的转录抑制活 性较弱，且两者之间存在相互干扰的关系。这一结果表明通过新外显子的获得 产生的新的蛋白质可以丰富原有的基因表达调控体系，使得生物体的调控网络 更加精确。 嵌合RNA 通常认为是由来源于不同的pre-mRNA 的外显子通过反式剪切连 接在一起形成的。这一现象在包括多种动物和植物中被广泛的报道。我们的研 究首先通过大规模表达序列（ESTs）的搜索，在酵母，果蝇，小鼠和人中鉴定 到了大量的嵌合RNA。这一结果表明形成嵌合RNA 在真核生物中是一种普遍 的生物学过程，是一种重要的增加转录组和蛋白质组的多样性的分子机制。对 嵌合RNA 的序列分析表明，仅有<20%的嵌合RNA 在接合处可以找到典型的剪切位点 GU-AG，可以用经典的反式剪切模型来解释其产生机制。然而有意思的 是，我们在大约一半的嵌合RNA 的供体基因之间找到了短的同源序列，这一发 现使我们提出了一种新的分子机制来解释这些嵌合RNA 的形成，我们称之为 “转录滑动”模型。在酵母我们，我们用实验的方法验证了短同源序列对形成嵌 合RNA 的必要性，有力地支持了我们这一模型。

Harmonic Millimeter Wave Generation and Frequency Up-Conversion Using Optical Injection Locking and Brillouin Selective Sideband Amplification

Harmonic millimeter wave (mm-wave) generation and frequency up-conversion are experimentally demonstrated using optical injection locking and Brillouin selective sideband amplification (BSSA) induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering in a 10-km single-mode fiber. By using this method, we successfully generate third-harmonic mm-wave at 27 GHz (f(LO) - 9 GHz) with single sideband (SSB) modulation and up-convert the 2GHz intermediate frequency signal into the mm-wave band with single mode modulation of the SSB modes. In addition, the mm-wave carrier obtains more than 23 dB power gain due to the BSSA. The transmission experiments show that the generated mm-wave and up-converted signals indicate strong immunity against the chromatic dispersion of the fibers.

干扰RNA(RNAi)作用机理及其在植物细胞工程中的应用进展

随着RNAi调控目的基因表达机理研究的深入,RNAi技术也发展为一种强有力的实验工具,用来控制目的基因的表达以获取预期的生物表型。目前在植物中至少发现存在三种不同的RNAi途径,这些途径中基因沉默信号可以放大、传递和自我调控。为了建立高效、经济的RNAi技术体系,必须解决以下几个问题:即RNAi的有效传递,稳定性的提高,非目标效应出现的减小以及目标RNA敏感位点的确定等。综述了RNAi作用机制及其在植物细胞工程中的最新应用进展,并详细探讨了其技术体系。

Rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification

A method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The amplification could be finished in 60 min under isothermal condition at 64 degrees C by employing a set of four primers targeting the cap gene of PCV2. The LAMP assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional PCR, with a detection limit of five copies per tube of purified PCV2 genomic DNA. No cross-reactivity was observed from the samples of other related viruses including porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The detection rate of PCV2 LAMP for 86 clinical samples was 96.5% and appeared greater than that of the PCR method. The LAMP assay reported can provide a rapid yet simple test of PCV2 suitable for laboratory diagnosis and pen-side detection due to ease of operation and the requirement of only a regular water bath or heat block for the reaction. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.