Produção do espaço e reestruturação produtiva do setor de laticínio no Rio Grande do Norte

Since the 1970s, Brazil has gone through several changes in its economic and productive structures, which have symbiotic relationship with the organization and dynamics of the Brazilian territory. This set of economic, social and technical-scientific transformations developed in the amid the productive capital restructuring, a process that occurs on a global scale, but that effective with particularities in different places. Adopting this presuposition the present research had as main objective analyze the productive restructuring of the dairy sector in Rio Grande do Norte, highlighting its relationship with production process / organization of space and its impact on the social relations of production. The adopted methodology to elaborate of this study was based on the achievement a bibliographic review with regard to proceedings of production of space and productive restructuring, document research about the dynamics of the dairy sector in Rio Grande do Norte, as well as on regulatory instructions governing the dairy production in Brazil, we achieve parallel secondary data collection, with official organs such as IBGE, EMATER and SINDLEITE. Another important methodological resource was the realization of the field research, which enabled us to empirically understand the distinct realities lived by agents acting on milk production system in Rio Grande do Norte. The analyzes performed nevertheless evidence that the restructuring process in the dairy sector is fomented, greatly by state,that finance, encourages and normatizes the production of milk in the country. In the specific case of Rio Grande do Norte, this process is boosted by the creation of "Programa do Leite," which by constituting of an institutional market, contributes to the strengthening and expansion of industries, the detriment of the artisanal processing sector. Nevertheless family farmers continue to act in the activity, be only producing and trading fresh milk, supplying milk to processing units, mediating the production of their peers or by the craft benefiting milk in traditional cheese factories presents in the entire state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results reveal that it is a complex web of social relations of production that are established at the heart of laticinista activity in the Rio Grande Norte, these are summarily marked by relations of competition and complementarity between industrial and artisanal processing of milk

O turismo de sol e praia e o circuito inferior da economia urbana: um estudo a partir da praia de Ponta Negra - Natal/RN

Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica - PROCAD

Avaliação de política pública: o ProInfo e sua gestão no município de Parnamirim (2009-2012)

The dissertation assesses aspects of the management of IT in Education Program (ProInfo), in the municipality of Parnamirim-RN. Checks as their management functions, with the following objectives: a) Examine whether the objectives of the activities related to teachers' program are being implemented according to the official documents, b) examine if there is a monitoring program activities as the activities of teachers c) Identify whether teachers develop activities and environments using the technological resources of the internet. The research brings a central issue: How ProInfo is subsidizing the activities of the teachers involved in the program to achieve their goals effectively? As a central hypothesis of this work, to be a general north to the research, we have: the ProInfo establishes a fragile and discontinuous link between the management of the activities of teachers and the goals that he sets. The hypothesis was validated by the analysis of data from field research, when we encounter a series of limiting aspects of program effectiveness at the municipal level. This research was undertaken with managers of state and municipal schools and teachers, using a sample of four schools Parnamirim-RN, in order to include some aspects of program management at the municipal level and effectiveness goals proposed, focusing on teachers who participated in the training. The methodological process consisted of literature review, interviews and documentary analysis carried to the organs responsible for ProInfo statewide (UNDIME/RN ) and municipal level, next to the Municipal Education Parnamirim-RN. Based on data collected from empirical field research, it was found that the ProInfo lacks periodic reviews by the governing bodies of the program, about the actions developed through appropriate instruments, which enable a more realistic view of the results of the program ex post (during or after deployment)

Entre veados, carneiros e formigas: conflito pela posse de terra na ribeira do Ceará-Mirim, e concepções de mentalidade possessória, 1725-1761

Shaping the Luso-Brazilian space in Portuguese America was through constant conflicts between different individuals and institutions. Regarding to land ownership, such conflicts were aggravated, depending on the individuals involved and their context. The captaincy of Rio Grande, there is conflict over land ownership Cidade dos Veados and Olho d' Água Azul and its stakeholders: priests of the Society of missionaries of the village Guajiru; indian mission Guajiru; and members of Carneiro da Cunha family. In 1725, the jesuit mission Guajiru requested a league of land at a place called Cidade dos Veados for the indians of his mission claiming that the land that the mission had was not sufficient for the subsistence of the same. In 1727, priest requested another league of land in place Olho d'Água Azul, stating that the mission had more than 192 couples. Both lands were properly required for the mission guajiru. however, in 1760, with the changes imposed by the indian directorate ombudsman responsible for investigating indigenous possessions realized that the indians did not occupy the two lands requested in the 1720s , due to the fact João Carneiro da Cunha has taken possession of the same. As a result, the impasse over land are ligth. This conflict over land ownership Cidade dos Veados and Olho d'Água Azul, we intend to highlight in particular the motivations and mindsets about possessory property of each party involved. We seek to understand the motivations of each group involved allowed the use of specific strategies and set out to try to take possession of the lands of the Cidade dos Veados e Olho d'Água Azul

História para "ver" e entender o passado: cinema e livro didático no espaço escolar (2000-2008)

This study aims to diagnose and analyze the use of film in school space, more precisely, in the teaching of history, from the theoretical perspective of the German historian Jörn Rüsen and thus try to observe together with the assumptions of the Didactics of History elements such as public uses that are made for cinema history. In this sense, research propositions movies found in textbooks of history, paths to offer insights about the impacts caused by learning the historical film narrative, this being a learning also occurs in everyday life of students and not just in school space. For both, the textbooks present in Memorial do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), approved in the following editions PNLD/2005 and PNLD/2008 were used. To perform this diagnostic use, in addition to books, the Call Notices and Guides Textbook PNLD as a way to understand how to perform the theoretical and methodological discussions and recommendations about the potential of cinematic narrative for history lessons and these possible approaches to the theory of history.

A injunção em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa do 4º e 5º anos do ensino fundamental

This investigation aims at identifying, describing, analyzing and interpreting how textbooks on Portuguese Language approach, beginning with the linguistic material, the effects of sense in texts that predominately employ injunctives. The corpus of this study is comprised of six collections of textbooks on Portuguese Language, which are part of the National Program Guide for Textbooks (PNLD) from 2010, adopted by the public schools in the city of Natal and the object of study for the Read/Tell Project of the Educational Observatory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Textbooks from the 4th and 5th grades, Elementary School, were analyzed – 12 copies total. For the analysis, we selected 16 writing proposals of injunctive texts. Our study is based on theoretical discussions by Adam (2001a, 2001b) with regard to the genre of: inciting to action. In addition, we consider the work of Koch and Fávero (1987), Koch and Elias (2009), Marcuschi (2003, 2008) Pery-Woodly (2001), Rodrigues (2013), Travaglia (1992, 2007) and Rosa (2007). With respect to discussions on textbooks, we refer to Choppin (2004, 2009), Batista (2003, 2009), Rojo e Batista (2005), and with regard to Portuguese Language textbooks specifically, we consider Soares (1998, 2001, 2004) and Bunzen and Rojo (2005). The proposals for writing in injunctive texts, in the collections analyzed, are tips/recommendations, instructions on making toys and/or games, travel itineraries and cooking recipes, such that 69% of them appear in the 4 th grade textbooks and only 31% appear in the 5th grade textbooks. With respect to the linguistic elements responsible for the construction of directive speech acts and the effects on sense produced by them, the data shows that 50% of the writing proposals do not exploit linguistic categories that implicate the effects on sense using injunctives, or rather, there is no work done dealing with linguistic analysis, while 33% mention the imperative mode and 17% investigate infinitive verbs. In this dissertation, the textual plans of incitation to act genres were studied and in them the linguistic materiality that vehicles injunction. This study might contribute to the improvement of Portuguese language teaching in what concerns the articulation of grammatical studies to textual sequences/types, mainly in the case of Portuguese language textbooks for the 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School.

Onde fica o sertão rompem-se as águas: processo de territorialização da ribeira do Apodi-Mossoró (1676-1725)

The Portuguese territorial process of the captaincy of Rio Grande was initiated in1598 with the conquest of the Potengi River bar by Mascarenhas Homem. This process lasted until 1633, when it was interrupted by the arrival of the Dutch, and resumed only in 1654. From this year on, the occupation of unknown lands of the captaincy was encouraged, supporting the advancement towards conquering the backlands, breaking the divisive boundaries with the captaincy of Siará Grande so far known: the Assú riverside. This breakthrough resulted in confrontations with the inhabitants of these lands, known as tapuias, leading to outbreak of several conflicts that composed the Barbarians War. The main stage of such events in Rio Grande, between the years 1687 and 1720, was precisely the Assú riverside, one of the spaces to be investigated by this research. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the advance of the conquerors in Rio Grande, contributing to the territorial process, which resulted in the emergence of a new border between Rio Grande and Siará Grande: the Apodi-Mossoró river. For this purpose, it was used sources produced between the years 1659 and 1725, as the settlement letters, royal charters, correspondence between the City Council of Natal, captains of Rio Grande and the government of Pernambuco and also the general government, as well as the documents related to the militia composed mainly by Paulistas who struggled in the captaincy.

A atuação do enfermeiro no combate à dengue e a febre chikungunya: estudo comparativo nos municípios de Parnamirim e Santa Cruz/RN

The research aimed to analyze the role of nurses in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the control of Dengue and Chikungunya fever in the cities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz. It is exploratory and descriptive nature of research, with a qualitative approach, which was developed with nurses of the Family Health Strategy in the municipalities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz. All research process followed the ethical standards laid out research in Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council about research involving human beings. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions, organized into three parts: the profile of respondents, knowledge of the disease (transmission, prevention, control) and description of practices. The actions performed by nurses are punctual performed when there is growing disease of the number of cases in order to try to reduce the number of cases. The principal methodology used for them is to talk and guidelines resulting from campaigns and home visits, using leaflets and social networks. Regarding knowledge of nurses in the city of Santa Cruz on Dengue Fever and Chikungunya, is clearly some gaps. Nursing professionals know recognize a suspected case of dengue, but get confused when trying to explain to the Chikungunya fever, exhibiting the same symptoms of dengue. Although everybody had participated in a training on Chikungunya Fever and Dengue, a very limited knowledge of nurses regarding the clinical management. It is suggested that further studies are developed on the ground a few nurses have accepted to participate in the study, so that we can identify strategies, interventions, activities and nursing actions that are consistent with the reality of working in favor of coping Aedes epidemics aegypti that have positive impact on reducing the infestation rates and may be suitable and applied in other regions.

A atuação do enfermeiro no combate à dengue e a febre chikungunya: estudo comparativo nos municípios de Parnamirim e Santa Cruz/RN

The research aimed to analyze the role of nurses in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the control of Dengue and Chikungunya fever in the cities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz. It is exploratory and descriptive nature of research, with a qualitative approach, which was developed with nurses of the Family Health Strategy in the municipalities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz. All research process followed the ethical standards laid out research in Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council about research involving human beings. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions, organized into three parts: the profile of respondents, knowledge of the disease (transmission, prevention, control) and description of practices. The actions performed by nurses are punctual performed when there is growing disease of the number of cases in order to try to reduce the number of cases. The principal methodology used for them is to talk and guidelines resulting from campaigns and home visits, using leaflets and social networks. Regarding knowledge of nurses in the city of Santa Cruz on Dengue Fever and Chikungunya, is clearly some gaps. Nursing professionals know recognize a suspected case of dengue, but get confused when trying to explain to the Chikungunya fever, exhibiting the same symptoms of dengue. Although everybody had participated in a training on Chikungunya Fever and Dengue, a very limited knowledge of nurses regarding the clinical management. It is suggested that further studies are developed on the ground a few nurses have accepted to participate in the study, so that we can identify strategies, interventions, activities and nursing actions that are consistent with the reality of working in favor of coping Aedes epidemics aegypti that have positive impact on reducing the infestation rates and may be suitable and applied in other regions.

O controle da tuberculose no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil

O Brasil é um dos países que concentram 80% da carga de tuberculose no mundo. No contexto da atenção primária brasileira, fatores interferem para que as equipes de saúde da família possam incorporar as atividades de controle da doença no processo de trabalho. O controle da doença depende da forma como os serviços de saúde estão organizados para garantir o acesso ao diagnóstico precoce e ao tratamento. Esse estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o controle da tuberculose no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos são comparar o tratamento diretamente observado com o regime autoadministrado em pessoas com tuberculose; Verificar se o Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose é avaliável e elaborar um modelo teórico e lógico para avaliação deste programa; avaliar a relação entre porte populacional dos municípios e as características de estrutura e processo de cuidado a pacientes de tuberculose na atenção primária no Brasil. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, seguida de um estudo de avaliabilidade e de um estudo transversal. Os achados da revisão sistemática revelam que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de tratamento (observado e não observado) para cura (OR 1,06. IC95% 0,75 - 1,50) e para conclusão do tratamento (OR 1,64, IC 95% 0,79 - 3,42). Menor abandono no grupo com tratamento supervisionado e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (OR 0,73, CI 95% 0,58-0,92). O risco de morte foi maior no regime de tratamento autoadministrado (OR 1,49 IC 95% 1,03 - 2,45). A hetorogeinadade entre os estudos analisados não permite afirmar que nao há diferença estatisticamente significativa para cura e tratamento concluído. A pré-avaliação do Programa de Controle de Tuberculose possibilitou a descrição do Programa, elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico e a matriz de relevância dos indicadores. Caracterizou-se os seus elementos estruturantes, definição de indicadores de estrutura e processo, além das perguntas avaliativas. Uma avaliação somativa com enfoque na análise dos efeitos da intervenção de controle da tuberculose é recomendada. A avaliação das características de estrutura e processo de cuidado à pessoa com tuberculose revelou melhor desempenho para as equipes de atenção básica de municípios classificados como metrópole no acesso, coordenação do cuidado e qualidade técnica da atenção. Em relação ao acesso: 98,5% acolhimento a demanda espontânea; 95,8% programação de consultas. Na coordenação do cuidado, 93,2% existência de protocolo para tuberculose. Quanto a qualidade técnica da atenção à tuberculose verifica-se que 93,4% acompanhamento de tratamento diretamente observado, 95,8% com busca ativa de faltosos ao tratamento, 64,0% oferta de ações educativas, 91,3% busca ativa de sintomáticos respiratórios. Cabe destacar que metrópoles apresentaram maior tempo médio de espera para escuta/acolhimento (24,41 minutos); para consulta previamente agendada (23,52 dias); para consulta em pneumologia (87,12 dias). Percebem-se fragilidades na estrutura e processo da atenção à tuberculose, principalmente no controle especializado da doença e na qualidade técnica entre os municípios. Recomenda-se reforço, particularmente na qualidade técnica para aumentar a cobertura de acompanhamento do tratamento, busca de sintomáticos respiratórios e das ações educativas.

Percepção ambiental como ferramenta diagnóstica para o processo de integração entre uma unidade de conservação e a comunidade do entorno

It is remarkable the current planet’s situation of degradation and modification of natural assets and the considerable loss of the recovery power inherent to the ecosystems. Concomitant with this, all communities and species are suffering the consequences of these changes without planning. The creation of conservation units (UCs) through the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) was a concrete action on the deliberateness of halting these processes, which, on the other hand, generated socio-environmental, geo-economical and cultural-political conflict of interests between traditional communities in the vicinity of these units, institutions, governmental entities and society in general. The country’s National Program of Environmental Education (ProNEA) provides the integration of the communities and UCs’ managers in a co-participative administration to solve these conflicts. The principles of Environmental Education (EA) leads the methodology found to change the socio-educational paradigms of traditional teaching, still existing in our society and intrinsically related to environmental problems, which are contrary to the dialogic pedagogy from Paulo Freire, that valorize popular knowledge, pro-active citizenship, as well as contrary to Ecopedagogy, that re-integrate human being on its natural environment, the Earth. One of the tools for starting environmental sensitization is the diagnosis by environmental perception of individuals. In this context, the objective of our work was to identify the environmental perception of Tenda do Moreno community located nearby Pau Furado State Park (PEPF) in Uberlândia – MG. To reach this objective, the research sought, in a first moment, to evaluate the environmental perception of residents of this community through semi-structured interviews applied in their homes and, in a second moment, we evaluated the environmental perception of community’ school students and made Environmental Education intervention activities with the intention to make children aware of the importance of conservation and function of PEPF. Using the Content analysis methodology, we found in nearly 60% of the 118 residents a systemic perception of nature, while approximately 32% expressed an anthropocentric perception. Mixed perceptions were found in 21%. A considerable part of the residents (47 individuals) indicated not knowing the park, although many of them recognize its importance. Among the 46 interviewed students, half expressed an anthropocentric perception of nature, while almost 36% had a systemic view. Seventeen children said they did not know the park and almost half of the students recognize some aspect of the importance of its existence. During the intervention activities, we had huge participation and dedication of students, beyond the massive expression of their personal views and daily experiences. In relation to the ten students that subjected the second evaluation about their environmental perception after the intervention, 80% showed systemic perception and emphasized the importance of conservation and of park. We believe that the continuity of the intervention activities could generate positive perspectives of socio-environmental effective changes in the daily school. Activities lead by Ecopedagogy and that encourage the citizen leadership in the young students are fundamental, while in the community, closer ties and dialog by UC’s managers would be important elements to generate effective change.

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de los divertículos uretrales en varones con lesión medular

Lesión medular es cualquier alteración sobre la médula espinal. Dicha alteración puede producir alteraciones motoras, sensitivas y autonómicas por debajo del nivel de la lesión. La lesión medular es una situación clínica grave e irreversible en la actualidad, que conlleva una pérdida de la funcionalidad y de la independencia del paciente que la sufre, así como la aparición de una serie de secuelas y complicaciones desde la instauración de la misma: infecciones respiratorias, enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, disreflexia autonómica, complicaciones osteomusculares, patología dermatológica y úlceras por presión, dolor y espasticidad, intestino neurógeno y vejiga neurógena. Las complicaciones urológicas son el grupo de patologías más importantes y frecuentes que aparecen en el lesionado medular. La disfunción neurógena del tracto urinario inferior (DNTUI) es la alteración funcional del tracto urinario inferior debida a una lesión de su inervación. Las complicaciones urológicas de la DNTUI son alteraciones del tracto urinario superior, infecciones urinarias, litiasis urinaria, neoplasias del tracto urinario, alteraciones de la función sexual y lesiones anatómicas de la vejiga y la uretra...

Enseñanza del saber táctico en categorías formativas de básquetbol

El objetivo general fue analizar la enseñanza y aplicación del saber táctico en categorías formativas de basquetbol. Para lo cual se realizaron dos estudios: (a) Opinión de los entrenadores de basquetbol sobre la enseñanza del saber táctico en las categorías formativas: Objetivo: reconocer la importancia dada por los entrenadores de basquetbol a la enseñanza del saber táctico en categorías U-13 y U-15. Metodología: estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 43 entrenadores de la ciudad de Santa Fe (Argentina) con categoría ENEBA (Escuela Nacional de Entrenadores en Basquetbol de Argentina) y experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje-entrenamiento en categorías U-13 y U- 15. Se categorizaron los métodos de entrenamiento en analítico, global, de confrontación, parcial, concepto recreativo del juego deportivo y situacional (Greco, 1995). Tratamiento estadístico con software SPSS versión 17.0. Resultados: experiencia de los entrenadores ? X =14,7 ± 3,9 años. Moda de frecuencia semanal de entrenamiento U-13 = 3 sesiones x 75 minutos, U-15 = 3 sesiones x 90 minutos. Importancia de la táctica U-13: ? muy + totalmente importante = 45,0, U-15=53,4; U-13: ? poca + muy poca importancia = 13,3, U-15=3,3. Preponderancia del método situacional durante el periodo competitivo (Me=28,6, IC=22,36 ? 34,84), ? muy + totalmente importante = 49 (n=21). (b) Aplicación del saber táctico en categorías formativas de basquetbol: Objetivo: describir la aplicación del saber táctico realizada por los jugadores de basquetbol de categoría U-13 y U-15 en situación real de competición mediante el análisis de: (i) Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE) realizadas que precedieron al término de la posesión del balón en lanzamiento, falta o pérdida de balón en situaciones contra defensa individual; (ii) determinación de la eficiencia de las DCE contra defensa individual; y (iii) utilización de las Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE) en defensa individual. Metodología: estudio analítico observacional. Se filmaron y analizaron 12 partidos de categoría U-13 y 12 de U-15 (Campeonato Interasociaciones - Federación Basquetbol Provincia de Santa Fe ? Argentina). Para el análisis se utilizaron las Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE) (LAMAS et al., 2011) y las Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE) (LAMAS, 2012; SANTANA et al., 2015). Tratamiento estadístico con software SPSS versión 17.0. Resultados:(i) Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE): U-13 (n=1072): DCE en 1x1 (55, eficiencia 32), 2x2 (41, eficiencia 34) y 3x3 (4, eficiencia 31). U-15 (n=1232): DCE 1x1 (64, eficiencia 36), 2x2 (31, eficiencia 30) y 3x3 (5, eficiencia 34). Diferencia significativa entre la utilización de las DCE agrupadas en función del número de jugadores implicados en 1x1 y 2x2. Situaciones 1x1 U-13: DCBD (49), DCSD (20), APe (14), AI (17); U-15: DCBD (37), DCSD (12), APe (23), AI (28). Situaciones 2x2 U-13: DSB (81), BD (19); U- 15: DSB (36), BD (64). No existiendo diferencias significativas en el aprovechamiento de las DCE DSB (U-13 36, U-15 38) y BD (U-13 27, U- 15 26). (ii) Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE): U-13 n=1074; U-15 n=1232. 1x1 (U-13 55; U-15 62), 2x2 (U-13 41; U-15 31), 3x3 (U-13 4; U-15 5). 1x1: DPE neutro para DCE DCBD (U-13 59; U-15 46), DCE DBSD (U-13 92; U-15 80), DCE APe (U-13 71; U-15 64). DPE fondo para DCE DCBD (U-13 22; U-15 37 ), DBSD (U-13 8; U-15 17). DPE por detrás (U- 13 87; U-15 73) para DCE AI. 2x2: DCE DSB: DPE Próximo (U-13 75; U- 15 81). DCE BD (jugador con balón) U-13: DPE cambio (39), por delante (31), doblaje (25). U-15: variedad. 3x3: DCE BI (receptor del bloqueo) DPE Por el medio (U-13 3; U-15 37), Evitar (U-13 40; U-15 24), Cambio (U-13 47; U-15 15). BI (realizador del bloqueo) DPE abrirse (U-13 12; U-15 32), DPE alejarse (U-13 14; U-15 21). Consideraciones finales: (i) la enseñanza del saber táctico en las categorías formativas del basquetbol resulta fundamental para los entrenadores, acrecentándose su importancia conforme aumenta la edad de los jugadores; (ii) el método situacional es - en la opinión de los entrenadores - el principal en las categorías U-13 y U-15. Lo cual denota el desarrollo de modelos de enseñanza de la táctica deportiva que propician un comportamiento proactivo - empoderamiento de los jugadores como base para desarrollar la inteligencia y creatividad táctica; (iii) la aplicación del saber táctico en situaciones reales de competición en las categorías formativas de basquetbol evoluciona desde comportamientos reactivos a proactivos conforme aumenta la edad de los jugadores; y (iv) se evidencia - a través de la realización de acciones de juego de complejidad creciente - una mejor lectura de juego, una toma de decisión más diversificada y el desarrollo de una mayor capacidad de juego en la cual se expresan tanto la inteligencia como la creatividad táctica

Enseñanza del saber táctico en categorías formativas de básquetbol

El objetivo general fue analizar la enseñanza y aplicación del saber táctico en categorías formativas de basquetbol. Para lo cual se realizaron dos estudios: (a) Opinión de los entrenadores de basquetbol sobre la enseñanza del saber táctico en las categorías formativas: Objetivo: reconocer la importancia dada por los entrenadores de basquetbol a la enseñanza del saber táctico en categorías U-13 y U-15. Metodología: estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 43 entrenadores de la ciudad de Santa Fe (Argentina) con categoría ENEBA (Escuela Nacional de Entrenadores en Basquetbol de Argentina) y experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje-entrenamiento en categorías U-13 y U- 15. Se categorizaron los métodos de entrenamiento en analítico, global, de confrontación, parcial, concepto recreativo del juego deportivo y situacional (Greco, 1995). Tratamiento estadístico con software SPSS versión 17.0. Resultados: experiencia de los entrenadores ? X =14,7 ± 3,9 años. Moda de frecuencia semanal de entrenamiento U-13 = 3 sesiones x 75 minutos, U-15 = 3 sesiones x 90 minutos. Importancia de la táctica U-13: ? muy + totalmente importante = 45,0, U-15=53,4; U-13: ? poca + muy poca importancia = 13,3, U-15=3,3. Preponderancia del método situacional durante el periodo competitivo (Me=28,6, IC=22,36 ? 34,84), ? muy + totalmente importante = 49 (n=21). (b) Aplicación del saber táctico en categorías formativas de basquetbol: Objetivo: describir la aplicación del saber táctico realizada por los jugadores de basquetbol de categoría U-13 y U-15 en situación real de competición mediante el análisis de: (i) Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE) realizadas que precedieron al término de la posesión del balón en lanzamiento, falta o pérdida de balón en situaciones contra defensa individual; (ii) determinación de la eficiencia de las DCE contra defensa individual; y (iii) utilización de las Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE) en defensa individual. Metodología: estudio analítico observacional. Se filmaron y analizaron 12 partidos de categoría U-13 y 12 de U-15 (Campeonato Interasociaciones - Federación Basquetbol Provincia de Santa Fe ? Argentina). Para el análisis se utilizaron las Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE) (LAMAS et al., 2011) y las Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE) (LAMAS, 2012; SANTANA et al., 2015). Tratamiento estadístico con software SPSS versión 17.0. Resultados:(i) Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE): U-13 (n=1072): DCE en 1x1 (55, eficiencia 32), 2x2 (41, eficiencia 34) y 3x3 (4, eficiencia 31). U-15 (n=1232): DCE 1x1 (64, eficiencia 36), 2x2 (31, eficiencia 30) y 3x3 (5, eficiencia 34). Diferencia significativa entre la utilización de las DCE agrupadas en función del número de jugadores implicados en 1x1 y 2x2. Situaciones 1x1 U-13: DCBD (49), DCSD (20), APe (14), AI (17); U-15: DCBD (37), DCSD (12), APe (23), AI (28). Situaciones 2x2 U-13: DSB (81), BD (19); U- 15: DSB (36), BD (64). No existiendo diferencias significativas en el aprovechamiento de las DCE DSB (U-13 36, U-15 38) y BD (U-13 27, U- 15 26). (ii) Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE): U-13 n=1074; U-15 n=1232. 1x1 (U-13 55; U-15 62), 2x2 (U-13 41; U-15 31), 3x3 (U-13 4; U-15 5). 1x1: DPE neutro para DCE DCBD (U-13 59; U-15 46), DCE DBSD (U-13 92; U-15 80), DCE APe (U-13 71; U-15 64). DPE fondo para DCE DCBD (U-13 22; U-15 37 ), DBSD (U-13 8; U-15 17). DPE por detrás (U- 13 87; U-15 73) para DCE AI. 2x2: DCE DSB: DPE Próximo (U-13 75; U- 15 81). DCE BD (jugador con balón) U-13: DPE cambio (39), por delante (31), doblaje (25). U-15: variedad. 3x3: DCE BI (receptor del bloqueo) DPE Por el medio (U-13 3; U-15 37), Evitar (U-13 40; U-15 24), Cambio (U-13 47; U-15 15). BI (realizador del bloqueo) DPE abrirse (U-13 12; U-15 32), DPE alejarse (U-13 14; U-15 21). Consideraciones finales: (i) la enseñanza del saber táctico en las categorías formativas del basquetbol resulta fundamental para los entrenadores, acrecentándose su importancia conforme aumenta la edad de los jugadores; (ii) el método situacional es - en la opinión de los entrenadores - el principal en las categorías U-13 y U-15. Lo cual denota el desarrollo de modelos de enseñanza de la táctica deportiva que propician un comportamiento proactivo - empoderamiento de los jugadores como base para desarrollar la inteligencia y creatividad táctica; (iii) la aplicación del saber táctico en situaciones reales de competición en las categorías formativas de basquetbol evoluciona desde comportamientos reactivos a proactivos conforme aumenta la edad de los jugadores; y (iv) se evidencia - a través de la realización de acciones de juego de complejidad creciente - una mejor lectura de juego, una toma de decisión más diversificada y el desarrollo de una mayor capacidad de juego en la cual se expresan tanto la inteligencia como la creatividad táctica

Enseñanza del saber táctico en categorías formativas de básquetbol

El objetivo general fue analizar la enseñanza y aplicación del saber táctico en categorías formativas de basquetbol. Para lo cual se realizaron dos estudios: (a) Opinión de los entrenadores de basquetbol sobre la enseñanza del saber táctico en las categorías formativas: Objetivo: reconocer la importancia dada por los entrenadores de basquetbol a la enseñanza del saber táctico en categorías U-13 y U-15. Metodología: estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 43 entrenadores de la ciudad de Santa Fe (Argentina) con categoría ENEBA (Escuela Nacional de Entrenadores en Basquetbol de Argentina) y experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje-entrenamiento en categorías U-13 y U- 15. Se categorizaron los métodos de entrenamiento en analítico, global, de confrontación, parcial, concepto recreativo del juego deportivo y situacional (Greco, 1995). Tratamiento estadístico con software SPSS versión 17.0. Resultados: experiencia de los entrenadores ? X =14,7 ± 3,9 años. Moda de frecuencia semanal de entrenamiento U-13 = 3 sesiones x 75 minutos, U-15 = 3 sesiones x 90 minutos. Importancia de la táctica U-13: ? muy + totalmente importante = 45,0, U-15=53,4; U-13: ? poca + muy poca importancia = 13,3, U-15=3,3. Preponderancia del método situacional durante el periodo competitivo (Me=28,6, IC=22,36 ? 34,84), ? muy + totalmente importante = 49 (n=21). (b) Aplicación del saber táctico en categorías formativas de basquetbol: Objetivo: describir la aplicación del saber táctico realizada por los jugadores de basquetbol de categoría U-13 y U-15 en situación real de competición mediante el análisis de: (i) Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE) realizadas que precedieron al término de la posesión del balón en lanzamiento, falta o pérdida de balón en situaciones contra defensa individual; (ii) determinación de la eficiencia de las DCE contra defensa individual; y (iii) utilización de las Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE) en defensa individual. Metodología: estudio analítico observacional. Se filmaron y analizaron 12 partidos de categoría U-13 y 12 de U-15 (Campeonato Interasociaciones - Federación Basquetbol Provincia de Santa Fe ? Argentina). Para el análisis se utilizaron las Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE) (LAMAS et al., 2011) y las Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE) (LAMAS, 2012; SANTANA et al., 2015). Tratamiento estadístico con software SPSS versión 17.0. Resultados:(i) Dinámicas de Creación de Espacios (DCE): U-13 (n=1072): DCE en 1x1 (55, eficiencia 32), 2x2 (41, eficiencia 34) y 3x3 (4, eficiencia 31). U-15 (n=1232): DCE 1x1 (64, eficiencia 36), 2x2 (31, eficiencia 30) y 3x3 (5, eficiencia 34). Diferencia significativa entre la utilización de las DCE agrupadas en función del número de jugadores implicados en 1x1 y 2x2. Situaciones 1x1 U-13: DCBD (49), DCSD (20), APe (14), AI (17); U-15: DCBD (37), DCSD (12), APe (23), AI (28). Situaciones 2x2 U-13: DSB (81), BD (19); U- 15: DSB (36), BD (64). No existiendo diferencias significativas en el aprovechamiento de las DCE DSB (U-13 36, U-15 38) y BD (U-13 27, U- 15 26). (ii) Dinámicas de Protección de Espacios (DPE): U-13 n=1074; U-15 n=1232. 1x1 (U-13 55; U-15 62), 2x2 (U-13 41; U-15 31), 3x3 (U-13 4; U-15 5). 1x1: DPE neutro para DCE DCBD (U-13 59; U-15 46), DCE DBSD (U-13 92; U-15 80), DCE APe (U-13 71; U-15 64). DPE fondo para DCE DCBD (U-13 22; U-15 37 ), DBSD (U-13 8; U-15 17). DPE por detrás (U- 13 87; U-15 73) para DCE AI. 2x2: DCE DSB: DPE Próximo (U-13 75; U- 15 81). DCE BD (jugador con balón) U-13: DPE cambio (39), por delante (31), doblaje (25). U-15: variedad. 3x3: DCE BI (receptor del bloqueo) DPE Por el medio (U-13 3; U-15 37), Evitar (U-13 40; U-15 24), Cambio (U-13 47; U-15 15). BI (realizador del bloqueo) DPE abrirse (U-13 12; U-15 32), DPE alejarse (U-13 14; U-15 21). Consideraciones finales: (i) la enseñanza del saber táctico en las categorías formativas del basquetbol resulta fundamental para los entrenadores, acrecentándose su importancia conforme aumenta la edad de los jugadores; (ii) el método situacional es - en la opinión de los entrenadores - el principal en las categorías U-13 y U-15. Lo cual denota el desarrollo de modelos de enseñanza de la táctica deportiva que propician un comportamiento proactivo - empoderamiento de los jugadores como base para desarrollar la inteligencia y creatividad táctica; (iii) la aplicación del saber táctico en situaciones reales de competición en las categorías formativas de basquetbol evoluciona desde comportamientos reactivos a proactivos conforme aumenta la edad de los jugadores; y (iv) se evidencia - a través de la realización de acciones de juego de complejidad creciente - una mejor lectura de juego, una toma de decisión más diversificada y el desarrollo de una mayor capacidad de juego en la cual se expresan tanto la inteligencia como la creatividad táctica