817 resultados para Problem Solving
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This paper continues the authors team research on development, implementation, and experimentation of a task-oriented environment for teaching and learning algorithms. This environment is a part of a large-scale environment for course teaching in different domains. The paper deals only with the UML project of the teaching teams side of the environment.. The implementation of the project ideas is demonstrated on a WINDOWS-based environments prototype.
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An adaptive learning technology embedded in e-learning environments ensures choice of the structure, content, and activities for each individual learner according to the teaching teams domain and didactic knowledge and skills. In this paper a computer-based scenario for application of an adaptive navigation technology is proposed and demonstrated on an example course topic.
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Given in the report conceptual presentation of the main principles of fractal-complexity Ration of the media and thinking processes of the human was formulated on the bases of the cybernetic interpretation of scientific information (basically from neurophysiology and neuropsychology, containing the interpretation giving the best fit to the authors point of view) and plausible hypothesis's, filling the lack of knowledge.
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Report published in the Proceedings of the National Conference on "Education and Research in the Information Society", Plovdiv, May, 2016
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This study explores the ongoing pedagogical development of a number of undergraduate design and engineering programmes in the United Kingdom. Observations and data have been collected over several cohorts to bring a valuable perspective to the approaches piloted across two similar university departments while trialling a number of innovative learning strategies. In addition to the concurrent institutional studies the work explores curriculum design that applies the principles of Co-Design, multidisciplinary and trans disciplinary learning, with both engineering and product design students working alongside each other through a practical problem solving learning approach known as the CDIO learning initiative (Conceive, Design Implement and Operate) [1]. The study builds on previous work presented at the 2010 EPDE conference: The Effect of Personality on the Design Team: Lessons from Industry for Design Education [2]. The subsequent work presented in this paper applies the findings to mixed design and engineering team based learning, building on the insight gained through a number of industrial process case studies carried out in current design practice. Developments in delivery also aligning the CDIO principles of learning through doing into a practice based, collaborative learning experience and include elements of the TRIZ creative problem solving technique [3]. The paper will outline case studies involving a number of mixed engineering and design student projects that highlight the CDIO principles, combined with an external industrial design brief. It will compare and contrast the learning experience with that of a KTP derived student project, to examine an industry based model for student projects. In addition key areas of best practice will be presented, and student work from each mode will be discussed at the conference.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the engineering lecturers' experiences of generic skills assessment within an active learning context in Malaysia. Using a case-study methodology, lecturers' assessment approaches were investigated regarding three generic skills; verbal communication, problem solving and team work. Because of the importance to learning of the assessment of such skills it is this assessment that is discussed. The findings show the lecturers' initial feedback to have been generally lacking in substance, since they have limited knowledge and experience of assessing generic skills. Typical barriers identified during the study included; generic skills not being well defined, inadequate alignment across the engineering curricula and teaching approaches, assessment practices that were too flexible, particular those to do with implementation; and a failure to keep up to date with industrial requirements. The emerging findings of the interviews reinforce the arguments that there is clearly much room for improvement in the present state of generic skills assessment.
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Supported living and retirement villages are becoming a significant option for older adults with impairments, with independence concerns or for forward planning in older age, but evidence as to psychological benefits for residents is sparse. This study examined the hypothesis that the multi-component advantages of moving into a supported and physically and socially accessible extra care independent living environment will impact on psychological and functioning measures. Using an observational longitudinal design, 161 new residents were assessed initially and three months later, in comparison to 33 older adults staying in their original homes. Initial group differences were apparent but some reduced after three months. Residents showed improvement in depression, perceived health, aspects of cognitive function, and reduced functional limitations, while controls showed increased functional limitations (worsening). Ability to recall specific autobiographical memories, known to be related to social-problem solving, depression and functioning in social relationships, predicted change in communication limitations, and cognitive change predicted changes in recreational limitations. Change in anxiety and memory predicted change in depression. Findings suggest that older adults with independent living concerns who move to an independent but supported environment can show significant benefits in psychological outcomes and reduction in perceived impact of health on functional limitations in a short period. Targets for focussed rehabilitation are indicated, but findings also validate development of untargeted general supportive environments.
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We investigated family members lived experience of Parkinsons disease (PD) aiming to investigate opportunities for well-being. A lifeworld-led approach to healthcare was adopted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore in-depth interviews with people living with PD and their partners. The analysis generated four themes: Its more than just an illness revealed the existential challenge of diagnosis; Like a bird with a broken wing emphasizing the need to adapt to increasing immobility through embodied agency; Being together with PD exploring the kinship within couples and belonging experienced through support groups; and Carpe diem! illuminated the significance of time and fractured future orientation created by diagnosis. Findings were interpreted using an existential-phenomenological theory of well-being. We highlighted how partners shared the impact of PD in their own ontological challenges. Further research with different types of families and in different situations is required to identify services required to facilitate the process of learning to live with PD. Care and support for the family unit needs to provide emotional support to manage threats to identity and agency alongside problem-solving for bodily changes. Adopting a lifeworld-led healthcare approach would increase opportunities for well-being within the PD illness journey.
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A tanulmny a lean termels munkaszervezst hrom termelsmenedzsment koncepci segtsgvel vizsglja. Az egyes koncepcik a szervezet eltr metszeteit rintik: (1) a termk-folyamat mtrix (Hayes s Wheelwright, 1979) a termk s a folyamat jellemzit helyezi kzppontba. A lean hatsra a szervezet a mtrixban a nagyobb vlasztk s a folyamat alap mkds (nagyobb fggsg) irnyba mozdul el. Az elmozdulst zemi szinten a magas elktelezettsg munkavgzsi rendszer gyakorlatainak bevezetse ksri, mivel azok tmogatjk a rugalmas mkdst, a gyors kommunikcit s problmamegoldst. Az elmozduls minsge s gy a munkaszervezsi gyakorlatok hasznlata (mlyg, szma, munkavllalk bevonsa) nagyban fgg a termelsi stratgitl s a lean rettsgtl. (2) A termelsi stratgia szakaszai (Wheelwright s Hayes, 1985) a termels zleti stratgiban jtszott szerept elemzik. A lean termels sszeegyeztethet a termelsi stratgia harmadik szakasznak command s control szemlletmdjval. Az ilyen lean termelk kltgfkuszak, a hagyomnyos munkaerkpben gondolkodnak s krkben kevsb jellemz az j emberi erforrs gyakorlatok hasznlata. A lean termels adaptlsa sztnzheti a vllalatokat a termelsi stratgia negyedik szintje fel. A negyedik szint a bevonsra, problmamegoldsra s tanulsra pt, amely megfelel a lean emberek tisztelete pillrnek. (3) A lean rettsgi modell (Hines s trsai, 2004) a lean szervezeten belli elmlylst s terjedst mutatja be. A lean utazs sorn a vllalatok az eszkz alap megkzeltstl a komplex rtkrendszerben gondolkod lean szervezet fel haladnak. A technikai tudsanyag egyre szlesebb krv vlik, ami rvilgt a tudstads (szemlyek kzttire, de akr struktrkba, folyamatokba ptse is) kpessgnek jelentsgre. Az emberi erforrs gyakorlatok folyamatosan jelennek meg. De csak a legfejlettebb szakasz, a lean tanul szervezet megjelense teszi valban szksgess a munkavllali kp jragondolst is. = This paper examines work organization in lean production with the help of three production concepts. These concepts embrace different dimensions of the organization: (1) the product-process matrix (Hayes and Wheelwright, 1979) is about product and process characteristics. Due to the lean the organization shifts within the matrix towards higher variability and flow (higher level of interdependencies). On the shop floor the shift is accompanied by the introduction of high commitment work systems practices, since those support flexible operations, fast communication and problem-solving. The quality of the shift and hence the application of these work practices (number of practices, their embeddeness, employee involvement) highly depends on manufacturing strategy and lean maturity. (2) The concept of stages of manufacturing strategy (Wheelwright and Hayes, 1985) analyzes the role of the manufacturing function in the business strategy. Lean production is compatible with the command and control approach of the third stage of manufacturing strategy. These lean producers are cost-driven, they have the traditional approach of employees and apply new work organization practices to a less extent. However, the implementation of lean production may drive these companies to the fourth stage. The fourth stage of manufacturing strategy is based on employee involvement, problem-solving and learning. This stage is in full accordance with the respect for people pillar of lean production. (3) Lean maturity (Hines et al., 2004) shows the path how lean management deepens and expands within an organization. During the lean journey, companies progress from the tool-based approach to the complex lean value system. The technical knowledge of lean becomes more and more comprehensive and it points out the crucial importance of knowledge conversion capabilities (intrapersonal or even how to build knowledge into structures, processes). Work organization practices constantly appear with the progress, but the review of the traditional approach of employees is only essential at the most advanced stage, when an organization becomes lean learning organization.
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Szmos korbbi kutats kztk a szerzk korbbi vizsglatai is azt mutatja, hogy a menedzsmentkpessgek s a vllalatok versenykpessge kztt pozitv kapcsolat ll fenn, a jobban teljest s a proaktvabb vllalatok rendre felkszltebb, jobb vezeti kpessgekkel br, kockzatvllalbb vezetkkel rendelkeznek. Az is megfigyelhet, hogy az ebbl a nzpontbl sikeresebben mkd vllalatok dntseiben az tlagosnl is ersebben rvnyesl a racionlis kzeltsmd, melynek alkalmazsval a menedzserek az optimlis cselekvsi alternatva kivlasztsra trekszenek. A cikkben a szerzk az elmlt 15 v versenykpessgi kutatsainak tapasztalatait sszegzik, kiemelt hangslyt helyezve a legfrissebb felmrs eredmnyeire. ________________ The article summarizes the main findings of the Competitiveness Research Program with respect to the skills and capabilities of the Hungarian managers and the decision making approaches they use during their work. The results of the four surveys conducted in 1996, 1999, 2004 and 2009 are fairly stable over time: practice minded behavior, professional expertise, and problem solving skills are on the top of the list of the most developed skills of the Hungarian executives. The rational approach is the most popular among the most widespread decision making models in the authors sample which is rather alarming since the present turbulent economic environment may demand more adaptive and intuitive approaches.
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Herbert Simon, a korltozott racionalits elmletnek megalkotja szerint a dntshozatalunk hatkonysgt az hatrozza meg, hogy korltozott kognitv kapacitsaink birtokban milyen stratgikkal birkzunk meg a komplex krnyezet kihvsaival. Az erre az elmletre pt kutatsok egyik alapvetse, hogy az egyni problmamegoldsi folyamat helyzetspecifikus s ez az idomuls kulcsfontossg az eredmnyessgben s hatkonysgban. A dntshoz rendelkezik egy adaptv szerszmosldval, amelybl a megfelel helyzetekben a megfelel dntsi eljrsokat vlasztja. A tanulmnyban a szerz egy kvalitatv kutats eredmnyeire ptve, a beszlltvlaszts pldjn keresztl mutat be lehetsges vlaszokat a keveset kutatott krdsre: hogyan mkdik az adaptivits folyamata? A tanulmny a dntsi helyzethez val alkalmazkods kialakulst vizsglja a dntsi folyamatok kognitv szintjn. ______ Herbert Simon, the author of theory of bounded rationality claimed that the results of our decision-making is defined by the approprietness of strategies with which we handle the complexity of the environment with our bounded cognitive capacities. One of the main issues or research programs building on this theory is that problem solving is situation-specific, and the adjustment of strategies to actual situational factors is crucial for the effectiveness and efficiency of decision-making. The decision-maker possesses an adaptive toolbox, from which he chooses the right decision tools in the right situations. The author, based on the findnings of a qualitative study, presents possible answers to the not well-elaborated question: how does the process of adaptivity work? Forming of an adaptive mechanism is in the focus.
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Absztrakt: Tanulmnyunkban a menedzsment kpessgek s dntshozatali kzeltsmdok szerept a versenykpessg alaktsban immron negyedik alkalommal elemezzk. Hogy megrtsk, milyen tulajdonsgokkal, egyni kpessgekkel kell a menedzsmentnek rendelkeznie ahhoz, hogy nmaga is versenykpes legyen, s feltrjuk, melyek a mintban szerepl menedzserek erssgei, illetve gyenge pontjai a korbbi kutatsok hagyomnyait kvetve azt vizsgltuk, hogy a mintban szerepl menedzserek hogyan rtkelik nmagukat bizonyos kszsgek, kpessgek szerint, valamint azt is ttekintettk, hogy a menedzserek milyen dntshozatali kzeltsmdokat alkalmaznak. A megkrdezett menedzserekre - akrcsak a korbbi vlaszadkra - a gyakorlatorientltsg, a magas szint szakmai ismeretek birtoklsa s a fejlett problmamegold kpessg jellemz leginkbb, illetve a nemzetkzi trendekkel nmikpp szemben a racionlis dntshozatali megkzeltst preferljk. _____ We have been analyzing the role of management skills and decision making approaches in firm level competitiveness for the fourth time already. In order to understand what characteristics and individual capabilities a manager must have to be competitive him/herself, and what the main strengths and weaknesses of the Hungarian managers are, following the methodologies of our earlier studies, self assessment of the skills and capabilities of the managers in our sample were examined. The managers similarly to the earlier results are practice oriented, they possess up-to-date professional knowledge, and they have good problem solving skills. Our findings demonstrate that they prefer rational decision making approaches, which contradicts to the international tendencies.
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Kutatsomban arra a krdsre kerestem a vlaszt, hogy a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetemen a hallgatk miknt vlekednek a kpessgek, kszsgek fejlesztsnek fontossgrl az egyetemi kpzsen bell. Ennek rdekben 2015 februrjban krdves felmrst vgeztem 106 hallgat megkrdezsvel. A hallgatk 90%-a egyetrtett azzal az lltssal, hogy a szakmai ismeretek tadsa mellett a kpessgek, kszsgek fejlesztsre is hangslyt kell helyezni az egyetemi oktatsban. A jvbeli sikeressgk szempontjbl a hrom legfontosabbnak tartott kpessgek: a problmamegold kpessg, a gondolkodsi kpessg s a j kommunikcis kszsg. A hallgatk tisztba vannak a j kommunikcis kszsg fontossgval az let szmos terletn, viszont szembe kell nzni az egyetemi oktats korltozott lehetsgeivel. Az oktatk gyakran knyszerlnek vlaszts el, mire helyezzk az oktatsba elsdlegesen a hangslyt, milyen mdszertant alkalmazzanak. Ezt a dntst segti, ha ismerjk hallgatink preferenciit, cljait, viszonyukat az egyes mdszertani eszkzkhz. Jelen tanulmny ebben kvn segtsget nyjtani. _______ The purpose of this study was to investigate students opinion about the importance of skills and abilities development within university. In February 2015 a survey was conducted by interviewing 106 students. More than 90% of students agreed with the statement that beside professional skill transfer, skills and abilities development should be emphasized as well. According to students opinion the three most important skills for their future success are: problem-solving, creative thinking and communication skills. Students are aware of the importance of good communication skills in many areas of life but the opportunity of its development is restricted. Lecturers are often forced to make a choice about teaching goals, priorities and teaching methods. Knowledge about students goals, preferences and feelings about teaching methods supports this decision. This study intends to provide assistance in this.
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The traditional approach to crisis management suggest autocratic leadership, that has risks anyway (leader is the bottle-neck of problem solving, single-loop learning, crisis management is a matter of efficiency). However, managing nowadays crisis is rather effectiveness issue, and requires double-loop learning (second-order change) and leadership role in the sense of Kotters theory. Paper discusses the top-managements leadership responsibilities, and their special tasks in the problem solving process of change. Inappropriate perception of leadership responsibilities and insisting upon first-order change strategy results in becoming part of the problem, rather that part of the solution of the problem.
