835 resultados para Planejamento conservacionista
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This research studies the relation between city and nature in the urbanity s plans from Natal RN, Brazil, during the 20th century. Investigates and analyses the main documents that bring environmental s ideas inside from the urbanity s plans of Natal; gives the historical and economical situation from the city in each period studied; features the urbanity s plans, using categories of analyses to comprehension of this instruments. Try to contribute in the bigger process of historical rescue of Natal, and stimulates new studies. It was used documental s research, and bibliographic material. It was identified four (04) kinds of plans: the ones that focus in health and aesthetic (1901, 1929, 1935) technology and science (1968), zoning and control (1974, 1984) and environment. The hints founded shows that environmental ideas were put inside of the plans by government demands, especially in 1994 s plan, almost always without popular contribution and without this population get understands its meanings and implications
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O mercado consumidor exige produtos agrícolas com altos padrões de qualidade e segurança e, segundo Gutierrez (2005), essa tendência se deve tanto à apreciação positiva por parte do consumidor a aspectos relacionados à aparência e às características sensoriais, como da garantia de segurança e qualidade. Para que esses padrões de qualidade sejam alcançados, torna-se cada vez mais importante a qualificação do produtor, mantendo-o inserido no mercado e viabilizando um novo padrão de produção agrícola que beneficie tanto os produtores, que podem ter acesso ao melhor nível de renda e de condições de trabalho, como os consumidores, que podem ingerir produtos mais saudáveis, mais seguros e com menor impacto ambiental na sua produção. A cultura do morango necessita de alto uso de insumos, irrigação, plásticos de cobertura de solo, dentre outros materiais. Hoje já se constata a resistência de alguns nichos de mercado quanto à segurança do morango devido ao grande uso de agrotóxicos, principalmente fungicidas durante o cultivo (SILVA, 2006). O uso intensivo de agrotóxicos além de resultar num custo de produção mais elevado, pode comprometer a qualidade do morango e gerar rejeição nos consumidores, estigmatizando o produto. A produção integrada auxilia a cadeia produtiva dessa cultura, pois objetiva a proteção dos recursos naturais, a minimização no uso de agrotóxicos, o atendimento aos requisitos sociais, a proteção da saúde humana (produtores, colaboradores e consumidores), a garantia da qualidade e da segurança dos alimentos (ANDRIGUETO; KOSOSKI, 2005). Instrumentos de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para apoiar os produtores rurais no processo de conversão para a produção integrada são os métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais simplificados e participativos (CALEGARIO et al., 2008). Além disso, ferramentas auxiliares como as geotecnologias vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas de forma a apoiar as avaliações e a organização da propriedade rural seguindo conceitos de Planejamento Ambiental (BUSCHINELLI, 2006). O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar um método de avaliação da gestão ambiental de estabelecimento rural dedicado à Produção Integrada de Morango (PIMo); incluindo, nesta avaliação, ferramentas da geotecnologia para auxiliar o planejamento ambiental das atividades produtivas, visando o desenvolvimento local sustentável.
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Desde 2006 a Embrapa Meio Ambiente, em parceria com a Prefeitura da Estância de Atibaia e com a Associação de Produtores de Morango e Hortifrutigranjeiros de Atibaia, Jarinu e Região, visa assistir à implementação da Produção Integrada de Morango (PIMo) como alternativa de aprimoramento de aspectos relacionados à segurança do alimento e ao meio ambiente. Sempre respeitando as funções sociais das entidades envolvidas, seus esforços são direcionados a validar a Norma Técnica Específica da PIMo (BRASIL, 2008), reduzir o êxodo rural e profissionalizar os produtores na adoção de boas práticas agrícolas e ambientais, fundamentadas na organização dos mesmos, como estratégia de implementação de procedimentos sustentáveis. Para atingir tais objetivos, a educação ambiental foi e vem sendo indispensável para a conscientização e tomada de decisão dos produtores, cujo poder de realização é obtido pelo planejamento e pela gestão participativa, supervisionados por especialistas, que garante o realinhamento do propósito de instrumentalizar o grupo para a obtenção de certificação. Este trabalho que apresenta um dos resultados obtidos pelo Projeto PIMo em Atibaia, Jarinu e Valinhos/SP, coordenado pela Embrapa Meio Ambiente, num contínuo e gradativo processo de conscientização, Visa demonstrar a contribuição da etapa de atualização das informações e questões que devem subsidiar o planejamento anual e o redirecionamento dos esforços individuais e coletivos, assim como a atitude do grupo de produtores perante seus parceiros.
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The `Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir - OODC` (Public Concession of Building Rights), instrument instituted by The City Statute in 2001, has as main objective the recovery of urban property, seeking for a fair distribution the urbanization benefits. The possibility of usage of the OODC instrument is linked to the maximum utilization coefficient, determined to specific areas in accordance to existing infrastructure conditions, further taking into account the formal real estate market, expansion axis and crowding. Being an instrument which establishes values to be paid for a better use of land, it maintains a narrow relation to the real estate, incentivizing or discouraging the crowding in specific areas. The present study investigates the relationship between the criteria for the making of the Public Concession of Building Rights instrument and the dynamics of the formal real estate market. It takes as empiric universe Parnamirim (RN), part of the Natal Metropolitan Area (RN), focusing on the application of the OODC in the period of 2008-2010. It seeks to better understand the necessary basis for the formulation of the instrument, about how it works and its relation to the formal real estate market. It aims to depict the formal real estate market by presenting the production of urban space in Parnamirim in terms of intensity and nature of the real estate, furthermore identifying the licensed properties through the application of the municipality instrument. For the conclusion, it is discussed the criteria for the formation of OODC, its relationship to the dynamics of the formal real estate market and its influencing possibilities in the processes of usage and occupation of land in the context of urban planning
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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Droughts surfaced in 1877 as a crucial problem for the birthing Brazilian nation. Engineers, who formed the country's technical and scientific elite, took it upon themselves to study, understand and fight the problem through planned actions of intervention on space. This work, based on proposals and discussions contained in engineering magazines and reports, aims to provide elements for the comprehension of how these systematized actions against droughts, in the Iate nineteenth and early twentieth century, contributed to spatial analysis and the formation of a (then-inexistent) regional and territorial planning discipline in Brazi!. Engineers, by taking up the position of masterminds in the country's modernization, guaranteed for themselves personal economic stability, social prestige and political power. By understanding nature, either as a resource to be exploited or an adversary to national progress, they contributed to the delimitation of the region now known as the Northeast. By seeking to understand the drought phenomenon, they created knowledge about the space they sought to intervene on; by constructing their projects amid political and economical difficulty, they changed the organizational structures of cities and country in the northeast. The proposals for açudes (Iarge water reservoirs) allowed the fixation of population and the resistance against droughts; the roads - railroads and automotive roadways - connected the sertão to the capitais and the coast, speeding up help to the affected populations during droughts and allowing the circulation of goods so as to strengthen the local economies in normal rimes. The adopted practices and techniques, adapted from foreign experience and developed through trial and improvement, were consolidated as an eminently spatial intervention course, even if a theoretical body of regional or territorial planning wasn't formed in Brazil. Regional Planning proper was first applied in the country in the Northeast itself, in the 1950s, based off an economical view of reality in order to achieve development. The engineer's work prior tothat date, however, cannot be dlsconsldered. It was proved that, despite facing financial and political hurdles, engineers had a profound commitment to the problem and intended to act systematically to transform the economical and social relations in the region, in order to be victorious in their struggle against droughts
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Desde 2006 a parceria entre Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Prefeitura de Atibaia e a Associação dos produtores de morangos e hortifrutigranjeiros de Atibaia, Jarinu e Região busca a fixação do homem no campo e no mercado por meio de produção integrada de morango (PIMo) a partir da qual gera toda uma rastreabilidade garantindo ganhos de produtividade e redução do custo de produção, sendo que a redução do uso de agrotóxico possibilita menor contaminação do ambiente, do trabalhador e do consumidor, com a produção de alimento mais seguro. Para isso a educação ambiental num processo contínuo de diálogo entre os parceiros, desenvolveu a percepção dos produtores, numa sequencia de Ver, Julgar e Agir a realidade, que culminou na elaboração do planejamento como um processo participativo de decisão e adoção desse sistema de produção. Os documentos referentes aos períodos 2007-2008 e 2009-2010 de planejamentos estratégico, gerencial e operacional desenvolvido durante o projeto consubstanciam decisões, orientam a organização dos produtores, e o realinhamento da ação da Associação aos objetivos propostos. Num processo de melhoria contínua o planejamento das atividades do período de 2009 a 2010 demonstra a mudança de perceptivas desses produtores, agora capazes de conseguir a certificação, de comercializar um produto diferenciado, além de terem conquistado uma relação de parcerias que lhes tem garantido a continuidade do processo de implementação da PIMo na região.
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Doutoramento em Restauro e Gestão Fluviais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Arquitetura / Instituto Superior Técnico - UL
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Synthetic inorganic pigments are the most widely used in ceramic applications because they have excellent chemical and thermal stability and also, in general, a lower toxicity to man and to the environment. In the present work, the ceramic black pigment CoFe2O4 was synthesized by the polymerization Complex method (MPC) in order to form a material with good chemical homogeneity. Aiming to optimize the process of getting the pigment through the MPC was used a fractional factorial design 2(5-2), with resolution III. The factors studied in mathematical models were: citric acid concentration, the pyrolysis time, temperature, time and rate of calcination. The response surfaces using the software statistica 7.0. The powders were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy in the UV-visible. Based on the results, there was the formation of phase cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) with spinel structure. The color of the pigments obtained showed dark shades, from black to gray. The model chosen was appropriate since proved to be adjusted and predictive. Planning also showed that all factors were significant, with a confidence level of 95%
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The environmental impact caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable polymer packaging on the environment, as well as the high price and scarcity of oil, caused increase of searches in the area of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources were developed. The poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising polymer in the market, with a large availability of raw material for the production of its monomer, as well as good processability. The aimed of this study was synthesis PLA by direct polycondesation of lactic acid, using the tool of experimental design (DOE) (central composite rotatable design (CCRD)) to optimize the conditions of synthesis. The polymer obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results confirmed the formation of a poly (lactic acid) semicrystalline in the syntheses performed. Through the central composite rotatable design was possible to optimize the crystallization temperature (Tc) and crystallinity degree (Xc). The crystallization temperature maximum was found for percentage of catalyst around the central point (0,3 (%W)) and values of time ranging from the central point (6h) to the upper level (+1) (8h). The crystallization temperature maximum was found for the total synthesis time of 4h (-1) and percentage of catalyst 0,1(W%) (-1). The results of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed higher molecular weights to 0,3 (W%) percent of catalyst and total time synthesis of 3,2h
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Rio Grande do Norte State stands out as one great producer of structural clay of the brazilian northeastern. The Valley Assu ceramic tiles production stands out obtained from ilitics ball clays that abound in the region under study. Ceramics formulation and the design of experiments with mixture approach, has been applied for researchers, come as an important aid to decrease the number of experiments necessary to the optimization. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the formulation, temperature and heating rate in the physical-mechanical properties of the red ceramic body used for roofing tile fabrication of the Valley Assu, using design of mixture experiments. Four clays samples used in two ceramics industry of the region were use as raw material and characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution analysis and plasticity techniques. Afterwards, they were defined initial molded bodies and made specimens were then prepared by uniaxial pressing at 25 MPa before firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ºC in a laboratory furnace, with heating rate in the proportions of 5, 10 e 15 ºC/min. The following tecnologicals properties were evaluated: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength. Results show that the temperature 1050 ºC and heating rate of 5 ºC/min was the best condition, therefore presented significance in all physical-mechanical properties. The model was accepted as valid based of the production of three new formulations with fractions mass diferents of the initial molded bodies and heated with temperature at 1050 ºC and heating rate of 5 ºC/min. Considering the formulation, temperature and heating rate as variables of the equations, another model was suggested, where from the aplication of design of experiments with mixtures was possible to get a best formulation, whose experimental error is the minor in relation to the too much formulations
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The Escritório Saturnino de Brito (Saturnino de Brito Office), created in 1920 under the sanitaristic guidance of the engineer Saturnino de Brito, has a vast record of works throughout the whole national territory, even after the death of its founder, in 1929 at which point his son, and also engineer, Saturnino de Brito Filho, assumed the head of the company , with a compromise to continue his father s work and assure his administrative, technical and urbanistic principles up until the early 1980s, when that institution came to an end. The scarcity of theorical studies about this Office, alongside the importance of the contributions it made in countless cities, oriented the focus of this study on its performance in Natal, where it remained from 1935 to 1969, designing, executing and managing sanitationist works and the services associated with them and going through several political, economical, social, cultural and urbanistic contexts periodicized in this work into three moments. Thus, it is intended to analyze how the Saturnino de Brito Office behaved and adapted itself to the conjunctural changes that unfolded into each of these moments, and more specifically, to observe the forms of intervention adopted the principles, the instruments and the scope aiming to verify the transition of the sanitaristic set of urbanistic ideas into the urban planning as a development strategy on a local level
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2016
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A cultivar BRS Estribo de capim-sudão, lançada comercialmente no ano passado, é uma nova opção de forrageira de verão para os pecuaristas da região Sul. Nos experimentos realizados na Embrapa Pecuária Sul os primeiros resultados com animais mostram que esta planta forrageira pode ser utilizada sob pastejo rotativo e pastejo contínuo, sendo possível alcançar bons índices em termos de produção animal quando bem manejada. A BRS Estribo apresenta uma maior produção de forragem, maior perfilhamento e maior proporção de folhas. Márcia Cristina Teixeira da Silveira, zootecnista e pesquisadora Embrapa Pecuária Sul traz mais detalhes sobre o uso de pastagens de verão no planejamento forrageiro.