Controle do nível de colesterol relacionado aos hábitos e costumes culturais de comunidades rurais do município de Curvelo, Minas Gerais

Ao examinar resultados laboratoriais solicitados em consultas de rotina da população da zona rural do município de Curvelo, Minas Gerais, junto a Unidade de Saúde que atuo como médica da Estratégia Saúde da Família, foram observados alterados os níveis de colesterol, fazendo-se necessário iniciar o tratamento medicamentoso com a finalidade de realizar esse controle e elaborar estratégias para orientar esses pacientes sobre a importância da atividade física e a reeducação alimentar. No atendimento prestado a esses pacientes, em especial, durante a anamnese, buscou-se compreender o porquê de tantos pacientes apresentarem o nível de colesterol alterado, e observou-se que muitos dentre esses cultivavam hábitos de vida e costumes culturais que favoreciam essa alteração nos níveis de colesterol. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi promover ações direcionadas ao controle do nível de colesterol junto aos pacientes que apresentavam tais alterações e residiam nas comunidades da zona rural de Curvelo

Proposta de intervenção para diminuir o risco cardiovascular em comunidades rurais do município de Ubá, Minas Gerais

Esse estudo retrata uma proposta de intervenção tendo como objetivo diminuir o risco cardiovascular da população residente nas comunidades rurais de Ubari, Miragaia e Zueira, atendida pela Unidade Básica de Saúde Rural I, do município de Ubá, Minas Gerais. Para elaborar essa proposta de intervenção foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre publicações abordando o tema, como forma de subsidiar as ações. Foram também analisados cadastros de pacientes atendidos na Unidade Básica de Saúde e tais situações discutidas pela equipe de saúde dessas comunidades rurais. Assim, verificou-se que as ações preventivas deveriam ser direcionadas a promover melhorias na qualidade de vida dessa população ao intervir sobre os fatores de risco controláveis ou passíveis de serem evitados, como: sedentarismo, tabagismo, obesidade, hipercolesterolemia e controle da pressão arterial. Para isso os fatores de risco para a Hipertensão Arterial da população adulta e adolescente deverão ser rastreados, anualmente, durante as consultas, em geral, ou visitas domiciliares realizadas junto à população. A promoção da saúde realizada por meio de ações educativas com ênfase em mudanças do estilo de vida, correção dos fatores de risco e produção de material educativo, bem como a ativação do grupo de hipertensos e diabéticos compreenderam as estratégias de intervenção previstas. Ao realizar essas ações pretende-se reduzir os riscos cardiovasculares dessa população rural e promover melhorias em sua qualidade de vida

Acidentes por trauma ocular entre trabalhadores rurais

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo uma revisão da literatura sobre os acidentes com trauma ocular ocorrido em trabalhadores rurais, retatando, por meio de revisão de literatura, como são preveníveis estes tipos de acidente.

A relação entre o uso de agrotóxicos e a saúde respiratória dos trabalhadores rurais

O presente trabalho faz uma análise sobre impactos do uso de agrotóxicos no município de São José da Barra, MG, mas especificamente sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores rurais que frequentam regularmente o Programa de Saúde da Família - PSF rural Sebastião Damascena dos Reis. Tendo em vista os perigos que os trabalhadores rurais ficam expostos, em especial os relacionados aos problemas respiratórios é que a pesquisa se faz relevante, pois adota formas de conscientizar sobre tais problemas decorrentes da aplicação de agrotóxicos sem os devidos equipamentos de segurança individual. A metodologia de pesquisa foi à dedutiva, com análise in loco da situação em que vivem as famílias e trabalhadores rurais. O uso de agrotóxicos é uma forma de aumentar a produtividade e consequentemente obter mais lucro, mas o uso pode representar risco ao aparelho respiratório dos trabalhadores que podem ser desde uma gripe alérgica, até problemas crônicos, como a asma, a bronquite e a pneumonia. Propõe-se intervir de forma a conscientizar trabalhadores e familiares sobre a importância de evitar danos à saúde, através do uso consciente e correto dos equipamentos de segurança individual

Plano de ação para a prevenção da intoxicação por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola em Pouso Alegre

O setor agropecuário familiar é sempre lembrado por sua importância na absorção de emprego e na produção de alimentos, especialmente voltada para o auto-consumo, ou seja, focalizam-se mais as funções de caráter social do que as econômicas, tendo em vista sua menor produtividade e incorporação tecnológica. Entretanto, é necessário destacar que a produção familiar, além de fator redutor do êxodo rural e fonte de recursos para as famílias com menor renda, também contribui expressivamente para a geração de riqueza, considerando a economia não só do setor agropecuário, mas do próprio país. Assim, a orientação dessa população em relação ao uso de agrotóxico e de técnicas alternativas; a parceria das Unidades de Atenção à Saúde com outros setores, para suporte técnico e multiprofissional aos pequenos produtores e trabalhadores rurais é de extrema importância na prevenção de agravos pelo uso de agrotóxicos que no futuro impactam nas Unidades de Atenção à Saúde. Portanto, o presente estudo pretende elaborar um plano de ação entre a Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Bairro Crus Alta da Cidade de Pouso Alegre juntos aos órgãos EMATER e CEREST para a prevenção da intoxicação por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola no município de Pouso Alegre - MG. Acreditando no potencial da Estratégia de Saúde da Família faço uma proposta de intervenção de levantamento e acompanhamento dos lavradores orientação quanto aos malefícios do uso de agrotóxicos nas lavouras, com a finalidade de ajudar a equipe a melhorar o seu desempenho junto aos usuários. Isto será possível através da implantação da estratégia de trabalho baseada na Técnica de Grupo Operativo e ações multiprofissionais. Para isto será oferecida uma capacitação para a Equipe Multiprofissional e para os lavradores. Além de acompanhamento da equipe ESF

Gases e ruídos em edificações para suínos: aplicação das normas NR-15, CIGR e ACGIH

Swine production represents an important segment of Brazilian economy, and the possibility of increasing production is eminent mainly if considered the low pork consumption when compared to other meat and the consumption of other countries. The increasing need in the international market demands show that in a near future the commercial barriers will be based on welfare, in the protection of the environment as well as in the worker's legislation. Little knowledge is available in the subject of worker's standards in the environmental agents in rural activities as well as the air quality under Brazilian conditions. The objectives of this research were to apply the main used standards related to noise and gases and to estimate occupational risk using measurements of noise level, hydrogen sulfide, methane and oxygen in swine housing, in piglet's nursery and finishing. The results showed that the continuous noise level were below the one found in the standards, however there were observed differences (P < 0.05) in relation to the noise level measured in piglet's nursing cages and in semi-slatted floor. The respective concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methane were less than 1 ppm and less than 0,1% by volume, which was lower than the recommended limits in NR-15, CIGR and ACGIH. The oxygen level was 21% in average.

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e casca de arroz

The main objective of this work is the study of the effect of rice husk addition on the physical and mechanical properties of soil-cement, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The rice husk preparation consisted of grinding, sieving, and the pre-treatment with lime solution. The physical characteristics of the soil and of the rice husk were determined. Different amounts of soil, cement and rice husk were tested by compaction and unconfined compression. The specimens molded according to the treatments applied to the mixtures were subsequently submitted to compression testing and to tensile splitting cylinder testing at 7 and 28 days of age and to water absorption testing. After determining its physical and mechanical characteristics, the best results were obtained for the soil + 12% (cement + rice husk) mixture. The results showed a promising use as an alternative construction material.

Efeito da adição de cinza da casca de arroz em misturas cimento-casca de arroz

The rice husk and its ash are abundant and renewable and can be used to obtain alternative building materials. An increase in the consumption of such waste could help minimize the environmental problems from their improper disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ashes as a cargo mineral (filler). However, the rice husk chemically interferes in the conduct of the based cement mixtures. Thus, different mixes cement-rice husk with and without the addition of ash were evaluated in order to highlight the influence of its components (husk; ash), which could otherwise be excluded or be underestimated. Cylindrical samples (test of simple compression and traction by diametrical compression) and samples extracted from manufactured pressed board (test of bending and parallel compression to the surface), were used to evaluate the behavior of different mixtures of components (rice hush; RHA - rice husk ahs). The results of the mechanical tests showed, in general, there is not a statistical difference between the mixtures, which are associated with the chemical suppressive effect of the rice husk ash. The mixture of rice husk of 10 mm, with an addition of 35% of the rice husk ash, is notable for allowing the highest consumption of rice husk and rice husk ash, to reduce 25% the consumption of cement and to allow the storage (without emissions to the atmosphere), around 1.9 ton of CO2 per ton of cement consumed, thus contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions, which can stimulate rural constructions under an ecological point of view.

Fundações de construções submetidas a esforços de tração em solo de alta porosidade da região de Campinas - SP

This paper presents the behavior of three bored piles conducted in diabasic soil submitted to uplift forces. The piles were built at the site for Experimental Studies in Soil Mechanics and Foundations of UNICAMP, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Field tests have already been conducted at the site (SPT, CPT, DMT and PMT), as well as laboratory tests by using sample soils taken from a well up to 17 m deep. The water table is not checked until a depth of 17 m. In order to check the behavior of the piles when submitted to uplift forces, slow static load tests were carried out as the recommendations of NBR 12131. The carrying capacity of these piles was also provided by means of theoretical methods, appropriate for uplift forces, and through semi-empirical methods appropriate for compression forces, considering only the portion of lateral resistance. The values estimated by using the considered methods were compared to those obtained by means of load tests. One of the tested piles was extracted from the soil to be the subject of a study on its geometry.

Fisionomia e organização da vegetação do carrasco no planalto da Ibiapaba, estado do Ceará

Is the carrasco on the Ibiapaba plateau a unique plant formation? To answer this question the vertical height (except of climbers) and the stem basal diameter (from 3cm on) of woody plants were measured, and soil extracts (0-50 and 50-100cm depth) were taken from 100 random plots (10x10m) at Jaburuna (3º54'34S and 40º59'24W, altitudes near 830m), municipality of Ubajara, Ceará State. Data on climate, soil, diameter height, density, basal area, and physiognomy were compared with those surveyed by other researchers from the carrasco, caatinga, and cerrado in Northeastern Brazil. The carrasco occurs under an annual rainfall of between 668 and 1,289mm and temperatures from 22 to 24ºC, on alic Quartz Sand soils, at altitudes between 700 and 900m: it has a larger density and a smaller basal area than the caatinga and the cerrado, small and similar diameters, and an average vertical height between 3,7 and 5,4m. It differs from the caatinga, cerrado (and cerradão) and secondary forest in many items of lhe ecotope, organization and physiognomy, thus being a unique plain formation, which can be characterized as a deciduous, high, closed, and unistratified shrubland intermingled by lianas, with an irregular canopy and sparse, emergent trees.

Adesão de linhagem selvagem de Streptococcus thermophilus em superfície de aço inoxidável e efeitos da higienização na sua remoção

A wild strain of Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from pasteurized milk was evaluated using an experimental model with respect to its adhesion onto stainless steel surfaces and its behaviour when submitted to cleansing and sanification. In milk, the adhesion of the microorganism on to stainless steel surfaces was studied after 6 hours of contact at 45°C with agitation, and after a cleansing process involving cleaning stages with alkaline and acid detergents followed by sanification, in order to evaluate the resistance of the adhered cells. The microorganism adhered to stainless steel surfaces producing a cell load of 10(4) CFU/cm². After alkaline cleansing, no adhered cells were detected but 6 CFU/cm² were still detected on the surfaces after acid cleansing. Cleansing, followed by sanification with sodium hypochlorite, was sufficient to reduce the load of wild S. thermophilus on the stainless steel surfaces to non-detectable levels. The experimental model proved adequate for the study indicating that the wild microorganism S. thermophilus produces biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. Alkaline cleansing remove more that 99.9% of the adhered cells. The few cells adhered on the surface are removed by acid cleansing demonstrating the need to use different steps and types of detergent for efficient cleansing. The best results for the removal of these biofilms are obtained by using alkaline cleansing followed by acid cleaning, this procedure being more efficient when complemented by sanification with sodium hypochlorite.

Gluttonous predators: how to estimate prey size when there are too many prey

Prey size is an important factor in food consumption. In studies of feeding ecology, prey items are usually measured individually using calipers or ocular micrometers. Among amphibians and reptiles, there are species that feed on large numbers of small prey items (e.g. ants, termites). This high intake makes it difficult to estimate prey size consumed by these animals. We addressed this problem by developing and evaluating a procedure for subsampling the stomach contents of such predators in order to estimate prey size. Specifically, we developed a protocol based on a bootstrap procedure to obtain a subsample with a precision error of at the most 5%, with a confidence level of at least 95%. This guideline should reduce the sampling effort and facilitate future studies on the feeding habits of amphibians and reptiles, and also provide a means of obtaining precise estimates of prey size.

Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) food habits in a mosaic of Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantations of southeastern Brazil

Food habits of jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) were studied between November 2000 and November 2001, in a 24.9 km² area of secondary Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantation, in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses of 26 fecal and regurgitate samples, obtained over a stretch of 570.1 km, showed the consumption of 19 prey items and 74 prey occurrences. Small mammals were the most frequent food item (42.5%), followed by birds (21%), reptiles (14%) and medium-sized mammals (3%). The percent occurrence (PO) suggests that the diet consisted mainly of small rodents (30%) and birds (21%). We recorded for the first time the predation of Viperidae snakes by P. yagouaroundi. Although having a large list of items and range of dietary niche breadths (Bsta = 0.76), our data show that jaguarundi prey mainly on small vertebrates (mammals, birds or reptiles), and even in tall tropical forests or eucalypt plantations, it preys mostly on animals that come to, or live on, the ground.

Unusual branching in the palm Euterpe edulis Mart

The unusual development of branches along the stem of Euterpe edulis is described for the first time. Branches originated at 2 to 190 cm from the ground. Ramified individuals and branches were able to produce reproductive structures and some branches produced roots. A plausible cause for the observed anomaly could be genetic problems due to small population sizes. The better agreement of this process can have a positive effect in the harvest of the heart of palm through the artificial induction of sprouts, what would prevent the death of the individual.

The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization in the diagnosis of hidden mosaicism: apropos of three cases of sex chromosome anomalies

FISH has been used as a complement to classical cytogenetics in the detection of mosaicism in sex chromosome anomalies. The aim of this study is to describe three cases in which the final diagnosis could only be achieved by FISH. Case 1 was an 8-year-old 46,XY girl with normal female genitalia referred to our service because of short stature. FISH analysis of lymphocytes with probes for the X and Y centromeres identified a 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) constitution, and established the diagnosis of Turner syndrome. Case 2 was a 21-month-old 46,XY boy with genital ambiguity (penile hypospadias, right testis, and left streak gonad). FISH analysis of lymphocytes and buccal smear identified a 45,X/46,XY karyotype, leading to diagnosis of mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Case 3 was a 47,XYY 19-year-old boy with delayed neuromotor development, learning disabilities, psychological problems, tall stature, small testes, elevated gonadotropins, and azoospermia. FISH analysis of lymphocytes and buccal smear identified a 47,XYY/48,XXYY constitution. Cases 1 and 2 illustrate the phenotypic variability of the 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, and the importance of detection of the 45,X cell line for proper management and follow-up. In case 3, abnormal gonadal function could be explained by the 48,XXYY cell line. The use of FISH in clinical practice is particularly relevant when classical cytogenetic analysis yields normal or uncertain results in patients with features of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):545-51