The struggle to diversify rural livelihoods: Bio-enterprise development initiatives and their impacts on agro-/pastoral communities in the drylands of Kenya

This article analyses the impacts of four different bio-enterprise initiatives on agro-pastoral livelihoods and on improved natural resources management (NRM) in the drylands of Kenya. In this way it contributes to an area of rural development that is gaining increasing interest, but still has little empirical evidence. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, informal discussions and the study of reports. One of the key findings of this article is that diversification into enterprises requires cooperation among the stakeholders with their varying experiences in development, NRM and business development. In addition to initial investments, such enterprises need sustained financial, as well as other support like capacity development to survive the market introduction phase. For such enterprises to defend their market niches, the quantity and quality of the product are critical. In addition to support in human, financial, social, physical and natural capital, mentoring is another crucial factor for success.

The historical poetry of the ancient Hebrews

transl. and critically examined by Michael Heilprin

Poetry Chapbook: Red Light Laughter

"Red Light Laughter" is a poetry chapbook containing 20 poems written and edited extensively by Marcus Lloyd Rummell. The poetry included ranges from as recent as April 2010 to as late as January 2009. The book also contains notes, for reference when necessary, and was professionally designed by Lindsey Voskowsky, who is currently employed at the Yale Center of Design.

Popular poetry of the Russian Jews

by Leo Wiener

The poetical works of Oliver Goldsmith : with an account of the life and writings of the author : to which is added a prefatory essay, containing a critical dissertation on his poetry

by J. Aikin, M.D, Oliver Goldsmith

Reliques of ancient English poetry : consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, and other pieces of our earlier poets, (chiefly of the lyric kind) : together with some few of later date

[edited by Thomas Percy]

Effect of Prosopis flexuosa on understory species and its importance to pastoral management in woodlands of the Central Monte Desert

In the Monte Biogeographic Province, located in the arid region of Argentina, the presence of Prosopis flexuosa DC. produces spatial heterogeneity through edaphic modifications and microclimate changes. This results in vegetation patches differing in species composition and abundance. However, this interaction can be modified by the occurrence of gradients of biotic stress or disturbance intensity. In particular, grazing has been observed to enhance or reduce vegetation heterogeneity. Such complex of interactions could determine forage availability for cattle in one of the driest areas of the Monte Desert. We assessed the effect of Prosopis on understory species and analyzed whether the outcomes of this interaction differed with distance to watering points, as a proxy of grazing intensity, in the Northeast of Mendoza Province, Argentina. We used a two-way factorial design including the following factors: 1) microsite (under the cover of P. flexuosa trees and in intercanopy microsites) and 2) distance to watering points ("near the watering point", 500-700 m away, and "far from the watering point", 3-4 km away). Cover of each species, total cover, bare soil, and litter were recorded, and plant diversity, richness, and evenness were estimated with the modified Point Quadrat method. Results showed that P. flexuosa cover, distance from watering points, and the interaction between them determined species composition, abundance and spatial distribution of understory species, and were, consequently, a determining factor for forage availability. The presence of P. flexuosa enhances carrying capacity by supporting higher abundance of grasses under its canopy. Near watering points, high grazing intensity appears to disrupt the patches formed under P. flexuosa canopies, reducing the differences between microsites.

Lecturas “dirigidas" de la poesía estadounidense : The new american poetry (1960) y Legitimate dangers (2006)

Este artículo estudia dos antologías de poesía estadounidense publicadas en su país de origen en 1960 y en 2006, respectivamente: The New American Poetry, compilada por Donald Allen, y Legitimate Dangers: American Poets of the New Century, por Michael Dumanis y Cate Marvin. A cincuenta años de la aparición de la primera, la crítica reconoce la función rupturista, renovadora y, a la vez, seminal de la selección de Allen, quien presentaba su texto como una colección de poetas y poemas opuestos al “verso académico". Del mismo modo, Dumanis y Marvin presentan una antología que busca difundir autores jóvenes cuya poesía propone el riesgo como valor fundamental. Nuestro enfoque compara y contrasta ambas antologías, para señalar los aspectos comunes, las declaraciones de principios y las poéticas subyacentes a ambas, y los procesos de canonización que llevan a cabo.

Poetry for export : Contemporary Argentine Poetry (1969), de William Shand, una antología poética argentina en inglés

La traducción se planta como el medio para que un público ajeno a la lengua de origen de un texto pueda acceder a él. En el caso de la poesía, debido a su difícil traducción y a su escasa publicación, la problemática de la traducción se torna doble. A partir de entonces, la presentación de una antología poética argentina en inglés como carta de presentación de la literatura nacional en el mundo resulta una obra interesante en cuanto a sus contenidos y repercusiones en el canon internacional

Charles Segal. Aglaia. The Poetry of Alcman, Sappho, Pindar, Bacchylides and Corinna, Maryland, Rowman y Littlefield Publishers, Ine., 1998, 339 pp.

Fil: Errecalde, Alejandro Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Iglesia y Monarquía castellana bajo la misma cruz : Una visita pastoral a la diócesis de Segovia en 1446-1447

Este artículo analiza la situación de las parroquias segovianas de mediados del siglo XV a partir del documento de una visita pastoral donde se asienta el estado de conservación de las iglesias, la conducta de los curas párrocos y las opiniones campesinas vinculadas a esto. Se analiza también el rol que desempeña el visitador en tanto portador de la ideología emanada de la Iglesia como institución, al tiempo que imbuido de la lógica de la comunidad campesina de la que generalmente procede. El contexto general de esta visita pastoral es la reforma eclesiástica general del siglo XIV, que trató de revertir la crisis de la Iglesia