Les effets de la violence organisée sur le processus d'intégration des réfugiés : le cas des Colombiens au Québec

RÉSUMÉ DE LA RECHERCHE Le conflit armé en Colombie est le troisième conflit le plus long du monde, après le problème entre la Palestine et l’Israël et celui entre l’Inde et le Pakistan. La violence organisée qui caractérise ce conflit a des conséquences sur le plan individuel (souffrance psychologique, etc.) et sur le plan collectif (démobilisation sociale par la terreur, modification de la pensée critique, augmentation de la violence commune). Cette violence a poussé des milliers de Colombiens à l’exil. Certaines de ces personnes arrivent au Québec en tant que réfugiés. La présente étude décrit et analyse les effets de la violence organisée subie en Colombie par ces personnes. Elle fait le lien entre ces conséquences et le processus d’intégration des refugiés colombiens dans une région du Québec, la Haute-Yamaska. Le principal objectif de ce mémoire est de répondre à cette question : selon l’expérience des immigrants réfugiés colombiens victimes de violence organisée, quels sont les effets de cette violence sur leur vie actuelle au Québec? Douze récits d’expériences ont été recueillis et analysés à partir d’entrevues semi dirigées auprès des refugiés colombiens. Les résultats de cette étude montrent la nécessité, pour les réfugiés, d’un travail d’élaboration autour de leur propre identité à travers l’expérience vécue; la présence du retrait et de l’isolement comme mécanismes de protection qui se manifestent en terre d’accueil; la reproduction, par un groupe minoritaire, de certains des comportements qui sont jugés violents en terre d’accueil et qui dans le contexte de la terre d’origine avaient un autre sens. Cette différence de sens est accompagnée d’une tolérance différente à la violence dans un groupe de réfugiés et la société d’accueil. L’attitude personnelle positive face aux difficultés ainsi que le soutien du réseau familial ou des nouveaux amis sont des facilitateurs de l’intégration. Finalement, on constate que les effets d’un deuil prolongé freinent l’investissement affectif et personnel en terre d’accueil.

New media technologies, law, and society: an ecological approach

Joyce Tam de l'Université McGill est récipiendaire du 3ème prix du concours de la bourse d'initiation à la recherche offerte par le Regroupement Droit et changements aux étudiants du baccalauréat en droit.

Impossible Identification : Contemporary Art, Politics and the Palestinians in Israel

Quel est le sens donné à l’art par la minorité palestinienne d’Israël dans un contexte où l’État se définit uniquement en termes ethno-nationaux et religieux ? Les écrits sur l’art en contextes coloniaux et postcoloniaux ont tendance à considérer l’art comme une ressource de revendication identitaire face à une situation de domination. Autrement dit, l’art est souvent présenté comme un acte politique de reconnaissance à travers l’affirmation d’une contre-identité. Suite à un travail intensif de terrain ethnographique dans la région, cette recherche démontre que pour les artistes palestiniens en Israël, l’aspect politique de l’art ne vient pas de sa capacité à exprimer des revendications identitaires. À travers l’observation des pratiques et l’analyse des discours des artistes, elle remet en question la relation présumée entre l'art et l'identité. Plus concrètement, elle analyse les pratiques d’un groupe d’artistes issus d’une minorité nationale indigène dont le travail artistique constitue une interruption des régimes spatiotemporels d'identification. L’aspect politique du travail des artistes palestiniens en Israël s’exprime à travers un processus de désidentification, un refus de réduire l’art à des catégories identitaires dominantes. Les œuvres de ces artistes permettent l’expression d’une rupture esthétique, manifestant un « ayant lieu » politique qui se trouve entre l'art et le non-art. Il s’agit d’un espace qui permet la rupture de l’ordre sensible de la société israélienne à travers l’affirmation et la vérification d’une égalité qui existe déjà.

Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an information statement by the scoliosis research society international task force

Background: Routine screening of scoliosis is a controversial subject and screening efforts vary greatly around the world. METHODS: Consensus was sought among an international group of experts (seven spine surgeons and one clinical epidemiologist) using a modified Delphi approach. The consensus achieved was based on careful analysis of a recent critical review of the literature on scoliosis screening, performed using a conceptual framework of analysis focusing on five main dimensions: technical, clinical, program, cost and treatment effectiveness. FINDINGS: A consensus was obtained in all five dimensions of analysis, resulting in 10 statements and recommendations. In summary, there is scientific evidence to support the value of scoliosis screening with respect to technical efficacy, clinical, program and treatment effectiveness, but there insufficient evidence to make a statement with respect to cost effectiveness. Scoliosis screening should be aimed at identifying suspected cases of scoliosis that will be referred for diagnostic evaluation and confirmed, or ruled out, with a clinically significant scoliosis. The scoliometer is currently the best tool available for scoliosis screening and there is moderate evidence to recommend referral with values between 5 degrees and 7 degrees. There is moderate evidence that scoliosis screening allows for detection and referral of patients at an earlier stage of the clinical course, and there is low evidence suggesting that scoliosis patients detected by screening are less likely to need surgery than those who did not have screening. There is strong evidence to support treatment by bracing. INTERPRETATION: This information statement by an expert panel supports scoliosis screening in 4 of the 5 domains studied, using a framework of analysis which includes all of the World Health Organisation criteria for a valid screening procedure.

Organized Retail Market Boom and the Indian Society

IT and related services played a major role for India’s current 9.2. GDP growth. Organized retailing in India is one more example for its open economy. The IT industries where able develop a demand for Indian talents all over the world and improved their living standards. It directly impacts only a small minority of Indian population while organized retail affects every single Indian and every sector of Indian society. The paper gives a glimpse of the slow evolution of retail market over the years in India and its contribution for economic growth. The likely positive impact of this revolution in different sectors is enumerated. Paper addresses its ability to manipulate consumption pattern of society, increased customer satisfaction and likely change in the market shares of the different types of sellers. Paper discusses its flip sides like increasing social tension among families below poverty line and greater loss of self employment opportunities by this revolution. The main theme of enquiry of this paper is what it all means for the Indian society.

THE SOCIETY AS REFLECTED IN HINDI Er KONKANI PROVERBS

Hindi

Palestinian Non-Governmental Organisations caught between Reality and Challenges

Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) have not only gained more and more relevance in the development process of Near Eastern developing societies, but they have also raised an increasing scholarly interest. The traditional civil society in the Middle East, which used to be in charge of the tribe or large families, has been altered by new groups, which are organized around new social structures, interests and goals. The number of NGOs has experienced a swift increase in number and size, and the extent of some renders them important players in the social welfare sector, both at the national and global levels. The expansion and the increasing role of NGOs worldwide since the end of the 1970s as actors in socio-economic development and in the formulation of public policies has had great influence around the globe. However, this new function is not automatically the outcome of independent activity; but rather the result of ramified relationships between the national and international environment.

Numerical Feasibility Study for Treated Wastewater Recharge as a Tool to Impede Saltwater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Gaza – Palestine

The ongoing depletion of the coastal aquifer in the Gaza strip due to groundwater overexploitation has led to the process of seawater intrusion, which is continually becoming a serious problem in Gaza, as the seawater has further invaded into many sections along the coastal shoreline. As a first step to get a hold on the problem, the artificial neural network (ANN)-model has been applied as a new approach and an attractive tool to study and predict groundwater levels without applying physically based hydrologic parameters, and also for the purpose to improve the understanding of complex groundwater systems and which is able to show the effects of hydrologic, meteorological and anthropogenic impacts on the groundwater conditions. Prediction of the future behaviour of the seawater intrusion process in the Gaza aquifer is thus of crucial importance to safeguard the already scarce groundwater resources in the region. In this study the coupled three-dimensional groundwater flow and density-dependent solute transport model SEAWAT, as implemented in Visual MODFLOW, is applied to the Gaza coastal aquifer system to simulate the location and the dynamics of the saltwater–freshwater interface in the aquifer in the time period 2000-2010. A very good agreement between simulated and observed TDS salinities with a correlation coefficient of 0.902 and 0.883 for both steady-state and transient calibration is obtained. After successful calibration of the solute transport model, simulation of future management scenarios for the Gaza aquifer have been carried out, in order to get a more comprehensive view of the effects of the artificial recharge planned in the Gaza strip for some time on forestall, or even to remedy, the presently existing adverse aquifer conditions, namely, low groundwater heads and high salinity by the end of the target simulation period, year 2040. To that avail, numerous management scenarios schemes are examined to maintain the ground water system and to control the salinity distributions within the target period 2011-2040. In the first, pessimistic scenario, it is assumed that pumping from the aquifer continues to increase in the near future to meet the rising water demand, and that there is not further recharge to the aquifer than what is provided by natural precipitation. The second, optimistic scenario assumes that treated surficial wastewater can be used as a source of additional artificial recharge to the aquifer which, in principle, should not only lead to an increased sustainable yield of the latter, but could, in the best of all cases, revert even some of the adverse present-day conditions in the aquifer, i.e., seawater intrusion. This scenario has been done with three different cases which differ by the locations and the extensions of the injection-fields for the treated wastewater. The results obtained with the first (do-nothing) scenario indicate that there will be ongoing negative impacts on the aquifer, such as a higher propensity for strong seawater intrusion into the Gaza aquifer. This scenario illustrates that, compared with 2010 situation of the baseline model, at the end of simulation period, year 2040, the amount of saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer will be increased by about 35 %, whereas the salinity will be increased by 34 %. In contrast, all three cases of the second (artificial recharge) scenario group can partly revert the present seawater intrusion. From the water budget point of view, compared with the first (do nothing) scenario, for year 2040, the water added to the aquifer by artificial recharge will reduces the amount of water entering the aquifer by seawater intrusion by 81, 77and 72 %, for the three recharge cases, respectively. Meanwhile, the salinity in the Gaza aquifer will be decreased by 15, 32 and 26% for the three cases, respectively.

Human and Raptor Interactions in the Context of a Nomadic Society

This research project focuses on contemporary eagle-taming falconry practice of the Altaic Kazakhs animal herding society in Bayan Ulgii Province in Western Mongolia. It aims to contributing both theoretical and empirical criteria for cultural preservation of Asian falconry. This cultural as well as environmental discourse is illustrated with concentrated field research framed by ecological anthropology and ethno-ornithology from the viewpoint of “Human-Animal Interaction (HAI)” and “Human-Animal Behavior (HAB)”. Part I (Chapter 2 & 3) explores ethno-archaeological and ethno-ornithological dimensions by interpretive research of archaeological artefacts which trace the historical depth of Asian falconry culture. Part II (Chapter 4 & 5) provides an extensive ethnographic narrative of Altaic Kazakh falconry, which is the central part of this research project. The “Traditional Art and Knowledge (TAK)” in human-raptor interactions, comprising the entire cycle of capture, perch, feeding, training, hunting, and release, is presented with specific emphasis on its relation to environmental and societal context. Traditional falconry as integral part of a nomadic lifestyle has to face some critical problems nowadays which necessitate preventing the complete disappearance of this outstanding indigenous cultural heritage. Part III (Chapter 6 & 7) thus focuses on the cultural sustainability of Altaic Kazakh falconry. Changing livelihoods, sedentarisation, and decontextualisation are identified as major threats. The role of Golden Eagle Festivals is critically analysed with regard to positive and negative impact. This part also intends to contribute to the academic definition of eagle falconry as an intangible cultural heritage, and to provide scientific criteria for a preservation master plan, as well as stipulate local resilience by pointing to successive actions needed for conservation. This research project concludes that cultural sustainability of Altaic Kazakh falconry needs to be supported from the angles of three theoretical frameworks; (1) Cultural affairs for protection based on the concept of nature-guardianship in its cultural domain, (2) Sustainable development and improvement of animal herding productivity and herder’s livelihood, (3) Natural resource management, especially supporting the population of Golden Eagles, their potential prey animals, and their nesting environment.

[Ressenya del llibre Rediscovering geography: new relevance for science and society, de Rediscovering Geography Committee, National Research Council]

El llibre ressenyat pretén ser una síntesi i una avaluació de la situació de la geografia als Estats Units. Estructurat en vuit capítols, els sis primers són una anàlisi de diversos aspectes de la geografia i els dos últims expliquen quina estratègia hauria de portar-se a terme per enfortir el paper de la geografia en el món acadèmic i en la societat en general

The new Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas at the Universidad del Rosario “Knowledge for sustainable development and welfare of society���

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C. Wright Mils revisited: Society and Power

C. Wright Mills has been forgotten by sociological theories however there is no doubt about how much he contributed to the field of Epistemology. He successfully participated in the American Sociology of Knowledge and, at the same time, he  upheld the tradition of the Conflict Theory, including the sociological dimension into one of the most questioned political subjects of his period. Undoubtedly,  Wright Mills was morally committed to the value of reason and freedom. His central issue was to analyse the real possibilities for a particular individual within  a particular social order to become a free man capable of reasoning. He wondered how someone could be able to transcend his daily nature through reason and  experience and to act accordingly to his power. The power and political processes were constant in his works, since he claimed that any political process was a  struggle for power and prestige, for authoritative positions, both within each nation  and among the different states. On the other hand, he  bserved that the social  structure in the United States of America was not completely democratic, since the  course of action depended on the decision of a small group of wealthy, powerful individuals. These concentrating spaces of power amongst some economic, military  and political corporations were supported by their underlying ideology, a fact that became clearer when referring to international affairs. Nowadays, in a world of  structural antagonisms, wars and rebellions, the need for looking at the work  of intellectuals like Mills re-emerges. Mills showed us a way in which a complex entity as power can be understood, and, at the same time, the need to consider the  course of history, its mechanics and process.

La incidencia de las políticas de seguridad implementadas por el estado de Israel en el proceso de radicalización de la sociedad palestina de la Franja de Gaza

El presente trabajo busca analizar el proceso de radicalización de la sociedad palestina de la Franja de Gaza con el objetivo de responder a la pregunta, ¿de qué manera las políticas de seguridad implementadas por el Estado de Israel han influenciado dicho proceso? Para esto, en la primera parte se caracterizarán las diferentes políticas de seguridad implementadas por el Estado de Israel en dicho territorio, en la segunda parte se caracterizará el proceso de radicalización de la sociedad palestina de la Franja de Gaza. El objetivo de dicha caracterización es analizar, a través de la teoría de Relaciones Internacionales, denominada como Constructivismo, el fenómeno de la radicalización con el fin de estar en capacidad de afirmar o refutar que las políticas de seguridad impuestas por Israel en la Franja de Gaza tienen incidencia en la generación del fenómeno de la radicalización.

The Rosarista Identity. An Appraisal Towards the Knowledge Society ( 1890 - 1991)

El presente trabajo describe la identidad organizacional de una antigua Universidad Colombiana – Universidad del Rosario – desde 1890 hasta 1991. Esta descripción detallada se realizó con el propósito de hacer preguntas y señalar algunos de los desafíos que esta universidad se encontrará al educar las nuevas generaciones de la nación para la sociedad del conocimiento. Este documento también describe brevemente las características más importantes de la sociedad del conocimiento, así como las características de las universidades que desarrollan sus actividades en ella. También, se hace una síntesis sobre el estado de desarrollo de la sociedad del conocimiento en Colombia. Finalmente, se extraen algunas conclusiones a acerca de las oportunidades de cambio que tendrá la identidad Rosarista para continuar siendo relevante en el siglo XXI.