Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in He-like Kr XXXV

We report calculations of energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross sections and rates for transitions in He-like Kr XXXV. The grasp (general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package) is adopted for calculating energy levels and radiative rates. For determining the collision strengths and subsequently the excitation rates, the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (darc) is used. Oscillator strengths, radiative rates and line strengths are reported for all E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions among the lowest 49 levels. Additionally, theoretical lifetimes are listed for all 49 levels. Collision strengths are averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution and the effective collision strengths obtained listed over a wide temperature range up to 10 ^8.1K. Comparisons are made with similar data obtained with the Flexible Atomic Code (fac) to assess the accuracy of the results and to highlight the importance of resonances, included in calculations with darc, in the determination of effective collision strengths. Differences between the collision strengths from darc and fac, particularly for forbidden transitions, are also discussed. Finally, discrepancies between the present results of effective collision strengths from the darc code and earlier semi-relativistic R-matrix data are noted over a wide range of electron temperatures for many transitions of KrXXXV. 

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in He-like Ti XXI, v XXII, Cr XXIII and Mn XXIV

We report calculations of energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross sections and rates for transitions in He-like Ti XXI, V XXII, Cr XXIII and Mn XXIV. grasp (general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package) is adopted for calculating energy levels and radiative rates. For determining the collision strengths and subsequently the excitation rates, the Dirac atomic R-matrix code (darc) is used. Oscillator strengths, radiative rates and line strengths are reported for all E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions among the lowest 49 levels of each ion. Additionally, theoretical lifetimes are listed for all the 49 levels of the above four ions. Collision strengths are averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution and the effective collision strengths obtained listed over a wide temperature range up to 10 ^7.5K. Comparisons are made with similar data obtained using the flexible atomic code (fac) to highlight the importance of resonances, included in calculations with darc, in the determination of effective collision strengths. Discrepancies between the collision strengths from darc and fac, in particular for forbidden transitions, are also discussed. Finally, discrepancies between the present results for effective collision strengths with the darc code and earlier semi-relativistic R-matrix data are noted over a wide range of electron temperatures for many transitions in all ions. 

Energy levels, radiative rates, and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in Li-like ions with 12≤Z≤20

We report calculations of energy levels, radiative rates, and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in Li-like ions with 12≤Z≤20. The grasp (general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package) is adopted for calculating energy levels and radiative rates, while for determining the collision strengths and subsequently the excitation rates, the Dirac atomic R-matrix code is used. Oscillator strengths, radiative rates, and line strengths are reported for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions among the lowest 24 levels of the Li-like ions considered. Collision strengths have been averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution, and the effective collision strengths obtained are reported over a wide temperature range up to 10^7.4 K. Additionally, lifetimes are also listed for all calculated levels of the ions. Finally, extensive comparisons are made with results available in the literature, as well as with our parallel calculations for all parameters with the Flexible Atomic Code, in order to assess the accuracy of the reported results. 

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in C III

We report energy levels, radiative rates (A-values) and lifetimes for the astrophysically important Be-like ion C III. For the calculations, 166 levels belonging to the n ≤ 5 configurations are considered and the GRASP (General-purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure Package) is adopted. Einstein A-coefficients are provided for all E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions, while lifetimes are compared with available measurements as well as theoretical results, and no large discrepancies noted. Our energy levels are assessed to be accurate to better than 1 per cent for a majority of levels, and A-values to better than 20 per cent for most transitions. Collision strengths are also calculated, for which the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) is used. A wide energy range, up to 21 Ryd, is considered and resonances resolved in a fine energy mesh in the thresholds region. The collision strengths are subsequently averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution to determine effective collision strengths up to a temperature of 8.0 ×10[5]K, sufficient for most astrophysical applications. Our data are compared with the recent R-matrix calculations of Fernández-Menchero et al., and significant differences (up to over an order of magnitude) are noted for several transitions over the complete temperature range of the results.

Improving composite damage modelling through automatic placement of cohesive elements

Numerous experimental studies of damage in composite laminates have shown that intralaminar (in-plane) matrix cracks lead to interlaminar delamination (out-of-plane) at ply interfaces. The smearing of in-plane cracks over a volume, as a consequence of the use of continuum damage mechanics, does not always effectively capture the full extent of the interaction between the two failure mechanisms. A more accurate representation is obtained by adopting a discrete crack approach via the use of cohesive elements, for both in-plane and out-of-plane damage. The difficulty with cohesive elements is that their location must be determined a priori in order to generate the model; while ideally the position of the crack migration, and more generally the propagation path, should be obtained as part of the problem’s solution. With the aim of enhancing current modelling capabilities with truly predictive capabilities, a concept of automatic insertion of interface elements is utilized. The consideration of a simple traction criterion in relation to material strength, evaluated at each node of the model (or of the regions of the model where it is estimated cracks might form), allows for the determination of initial crack location and subsequent propagation by the insertion of cohesive elements during the course of the analysis. Several experimental results are modelled using the commercial package ABAQUS/Standard with an automatic insertion subroutine developed in this work, and the results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of this technique.

Optimising postbuckling composite panels for damage resistance

The design of current composite primary aerostructures, such as fuselage or wing stiffened panels, tends to be conservative due to the susceptibility of the relatively weak skin-stiffener interface. This weakness is due to through-thickness stresses which are exacerbated by deformations due to buckling. This paper presents a finite-elementbased optimization strategy, utilizing a global-local modelling approach, for postbuckling stiffened panels which takes into account damage mechanisms which may lead to delamination and subsequent failure of the panel due to stiffener debonding. A genetic algorithm was linked to a finite element package to automate the iterative procedure and maximize the damage resistance of the panel in postbuckling. For a given loading condition, the procedure optimized the panel’s skin layup leading to a design displaying superior damage resistance compared to non-optimized designs

The Reliability of the Arc-Length Method in the Analysis of Mode-Jumping Problems

The Arc-Length Method is a solution procedure that enables a generic non-linear problem to pass limit points. Some examples are provided of mode-jumping problems solutions using a commercial nite element package, and other investigations are carried out on a simple structure of which the numerical solution can be compared with an analytical one. It is shown that Arc-Length Method is not reliable when bifurcations are present in the primary equilibrium path; also the presence of very sharp snap-backs or special boundary conditions may cause convergence diÆculty at limit points. An improvement to the predictor used in the incremental procedure is suggested, together with a reliable criteria for selecting either solution of the quadratic arc-length constraint. The gap that is sometimes observed between the experimantal load level of mode-jumping and its arc-length prediction is explained through an example.

The prevalence of CALR mutations in a cohort of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the prevalence of calreticulin (CALR) mutations in JAK2- and MPL-non-mutated patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) from a large MPN clinic and confirm a diagnosis of MPN.

METHODS: JAK2/MPL-non-mutated patients from the Belfast City Hospital (BCH) with either of the MPNs - ET or MF - and diagnosed between 1988 and 2014 were selected for CALR screen. All cases were validated according to the WHO 2008 classification for MPNs. Statistical analysis was performed with Minitab 16 Statistical Software package. Exon 9 of CALR was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA, and mutations were detected by fragment analysis.

RESULTS: Of the 62 JAK2/MPL-non-mutated MPN patients screened, 57 had ET and 5 had MF; 34 patients (53.1%) carried CALR mutations. Three of 5 MF patients were CALR positive. Thirty-one ET patients (54.3%) harboured CALR mutation, whereas 26 (45.7%) were classified as 'triple negatives'.

CONCLUSION: Detection of CALR mutations in a cohort of JAK2/MPL-non-mutated patients with suspected MPN confirmed the diagnosis of MPN in around 53% of cases. This is lower than initially reported, but similar to subsequent studies. However, a sizable cohort of patients remains lacking a specific molecular marker.

Reliable survival analysis based on the Dirichlet Process

We present a robust Dirichlet process for estimating survival functions from samples with right-censored data. It adopts a prior near-ignorance approach to avoid almost any assumption about the distribution of the population lifetimes, as well as the need of eliciting an infinite dimensional parameter (in case of lack of prior information), as it happens with the usual Dirichlet process prior. We show how such model can be used to derive robust inferences from right-censored lifetime data. Robustness is due to the identification of the decisions that are prior-dependent, and can be interpreted as an analysis of sensitivity with respect to the hypothetical inclusion of fictitious new samples in the data. In particular, we derive a nonparametric estimator of the survival probability and a hypothesis test about the probability that the lifetime of an individual from one population is shorter than the lifetime of an individual from another. We evaluate these ideas on simulated data and on the Australian AIDS survival dataset. The methods are publicly available through an easy-to-use R package.

Sustainable non-automotive vehicles: The simulation challenges

Simulation is a well-established and effective approach to the development of fuel-efficient and low-emissions vehicles in both on-highway and off-highway applications.

The simulation of on-highway automotive vehicles is widely reported in literature, whereas research relating to non-automotive and off-highway vehicles is relatively sparse. This review paper focuses on the challenges of simulating such vehicles and discusses the differences in the approach to drive cycle testing and experimental validation of vehicle simulations. In particular, an inner-city diesel-electric hybrid bus and an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) powered forklift truck will be used as case studies.

Computer prediction of fuel consumption and emissions of automotive vehicles on standardised drive cycles is well-established and commercial software packages such as AVL CRUISE have been specifically developed for this purpose. The vehicles considered in this review paper present new challenges from both the simulation and drive-cycle testing perspectives. For example, in the case of the forklift truck, the drive cycles involve reversing elements, variable mass, lifting operations, and do not specify a precise velocity-time profile. In particular, the difficulties associated with the prediction of productivity, i.e. the maximum rate of completing a series of defined operations, are discussed. In the case of the hybrid bus, the standardised drive cycles are unrepresentative of real-life use and alternative approaches are required in the development of efficient and low-emission vehicles.

Two simulation approaches are reviewed: the adaptation of a standard automotive vehicle simulation package, and the development of bespoke models using packages such as MATLAB/Simulink.

Fine-structure photoionization cross sections of Fe II

We present the first calculation of fine-structure photoionization cross sections for the ground state of singly ionized Fe. These large-scale ab initio calculations, limited to the near-threshold region, were performed in the close-coupling approximation using a Dirac–Coulomb R -matrix method implemented within a modified version of the DARC package. Our calculated cross sections reproduce in detail the resonance structures observed in previous experimental determinations.

Ni II: A comprehensive atomic data study with emphasis on astrophysical applications

In this work we report both the calculation of atomic collision data for the electron-impact excitation of Ni II using parallel R-matrix codes and the computation of atomic transition data using the general atomic structure package CIV3.

Food fraud and consumers' choices in the wake of the horsemeat scandal

Purpose – In 2012, the European food industry was hit by a food fraud: horsemeat was found in
pre-prepared foods, without any declaration on the package. This is commonly referred to as the
“horsemeat scandal”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ preferences across
Europe for a selected ready meal, ready to heat (RTH) fresh lasagne, to consider whether the effects of
potential food frauds on consumers’ choices can be mitigated by introducing enhanced standards of
RTH products.
Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was administered to 4,598 consumers of RTH
lasagne in six European countries (Republic of Ireland, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Norway),
applying discrete choice experiments to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay for enhanced food
safety standards and highlight differences between countries.
Findings – Many similarities across countries emerged, as well as some differences. Consumers in
Europe are highly concerned with the authenticity of the meat in ready meals and strongly prefer to
know that ingredients are nationally sourced. Strong regional differences in price premiums exist for
enhanced food safety standards.
Originality/value – This research adds relevant insights in the analysis of consumers’ reaction to
food fraud, providing practical guidelines on the most appropriate practices that producers should
adopt and on the information to reduce food risk perception among consumers. This would prove
beneficial for the food processing industry and the European Union. The survey is based on a
representative sample of European consumers making this the largest cross-country study of this kind.

Variáveis preditoras do desenvolvimento das dimensões das competências relacionais na preservação da intimidade do utente

Introdução: A compreensão do papel da intimidade no cuidar é uma questão essencial para o estabelecimento das competências relacionais no processo de cuidar o utente, visto que este se centra no desenvolvimento de relações interpessoais. Na formação dos estudantes de Enfermagem, visa-se o desenvolvimento de competências, assentes na compreensão da dimensão ética dos cuidados de forma a “promover o desenvolvimento ético, com respeito pela autonomia das pessoas, pressupõe prudência, reflexão crítica, consciência de cidadania e de responsabilidade” (Bettencourt, 2008: 61). Sendo assim, o modelo de formação em enfermagem deve assentar num processo reflexivo que proporcione aos estudantes a aquisição de posturas e condutas que lhe permitam a aquisição de competências profissionais. Objetivo: Compreender quais as variáveis que são preditoras do desenvolvimento das dimensões das competências relacionais na preservação da intimidade do utente. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo – correlacional de abordagem quantitativa. A população acessível, foram os estudantes da licenciatura em enfermagem de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem integrada numa Universidade (A) e de uma Escola Superior de Saúde integrada num Instituto Politécnico (B). A amostra foi constituída por todos os estudantes de enfermagem das referidas escolas a partir do ano em que iniciam o primeiro ensino clínico. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados foram um questionário de caracterização dos estudantes e do contexto clínico e um Inventário de Competências Relacionais de Ajuda (ICRA). Os dados foram analisados com recurso ao Software IBM® SPSS® Statistic (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) de onde se fez uma análise dedutiva. Resultados: As variáveis independentes que melhor predizem a variável dependente (Competências relacionais) são a Escola seguida do ano e do acompanhamento em ensino clínico. Após a utilização dos métodos de seleção de preditores (seleção de Forward, seleção Backward e seleção Stepwise) as nossas variáveis independentes preditoras são o ano, a escola e o tipo de acompanhamento em EC, as restantes foram excluídas (sexo, idade, estado civil e habilitações literárias). Conclusões: As variáveis preditoras evidenciam a sua importância no desenvolvimento das competências relacionais dos estudantes de enfermagem, interferindo nos seus comportamentos enquanto estudantes e futuros enfermeiros. São variáveis que de uma ou de outra forma vão influenciar como é que cada estudante se vai comportar perante as situações de cuidado, onde se salientam nomeadamente o sexo e o ano do curso, variáveis que são intrínsecas a cada estudante, enquanto a Escola e o tipo de acompanhamento em EC são extrínsecas aos estudantes. Estas últimas são, portanto, as que consideramos que poderão ser alteradas em cada escola para que os estudantes adquiram e desenvolvam este domínio das competências de forma mais harmoniosa com o cuidar em enfermagem. Referencia Bibliográficas Almeida, M.J.F. (2004), A intimidade da «pessoa doente» em contexto hospitalar: valores e fundamentos éticos, Dissertação de mestrado, Porto: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Acedido em 14/08/2012, disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9667 Bettencourt, M. (2008), «Tomada de posição sobre a segurança do cliente», Revista da Ordem dos Enfermeiros, Nº 29, maio, Lisboa: Ordem dos enfermeiros, pp. 57-62. Melo, R.C.; Parreira, P.M. (2009), «Predictors of the development of relational skills: Study with students of nursing», in The 1st International Nursing Research Conference of World Academy of Nursing Science, Japão: Kobe International Exhibition Hall, pp. 90. Acedido em 17/08/2012, disponível em: http://wans.umin.ne.jp/confe/wans_1st.pdf

Instrumentos Orff : unidade de aprendizagem baseada no modelo IMS-LD

O objectivo desta dissertação é a exploração da aplicabilidade do modelo IMS – Learning Design, e respectivas ferramentas de suporte, através da criação e desenvolvimento de uma unidade de aprendizagem sobre Instrumentos Orff, baseada neste modelo, para professores do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso de índole exploratória. Foi efectuada uma revisão da literatura que incidiu essencialmente sobre o e-learning e o IMS – Learning Design, seguindo-se a criação das estratégias didácticas e da planificação de toda a Unidade de Aprendizagem sobre Instrumentos Orff. O passo seguinte foi a criação e desenvolvimento da Unidade de Aprendizagem, que culminou com a implementação dos pacotes IMS/SCORM finais do aluno e do professor. A avaliação dos materiais desenvolvidos foi efectuada através de questionários a que responderam um grupo de alunos e de professores. Como forma de conclusão deste trabalho de investigação, foi realizada uma reflexão sobre o modelo IMS – Learning Design e as actuais ferramentas de apoio à implementação. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this dissertation is the exploration of the model IMS – Learning Design and supporting tools applicability, through the creation and development of a learning unit on Orff Instruments based on the model for 1st Basic Teaching Cycle. Method used was an exploratory case study. A complete overview of relevant literature has been done, essentially on elearning and IMS – Learning Design, followed by the building of learning and planning strategies for the whole Learning Unit on Orff Instruments. The following step was the creation and the development of the Learning Unit, that leaded to the final version IMS/SCORM of student’s and teacher’s final package. The evaluation of the materials developed has been done through an inquest targeted to teachers and students. As a conclusion of this investigation, a complete reflection and overview of the IMS Model-Learning Design and its Current supporting tools to it implementation is presented.