999 resultados para PREVALÊNCIA


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Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of cicatricial trachoma in a population-based sample at Botucatu city-Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study with randomized clustered sampling of households was conducted in the urban area of the city of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The sample was estimated in 3000 person having been appraised 2554 patient (85,1% of the intended sample) from which 2339 had more than 10 year old at the research time. All the participants were submitted to ophthalmologic examination and the data were statistical analyzed. Results: Three cicatricial trachoma carriers were detected. So, the prevalence of this affection is Botucatu city is 0,13%, affecting mainly over 40'th and having trichiasis. Conclusion: Nevertheless the low prevalence rate of cicatricial trachoma in our region, to prevent trachoma blindness is the cicatrical form of the disease is very important to treat the trichiasis.

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Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) of greatest incidence and prevalence worldwide, and it is presently considered to be a pre-neoplastic lesion. Human Papillomavirus infection has totaled 23.4% of the sexually transmitted diseases reported to the Department of Health, and it is currently the most common in our country. Many patients are asymptomatic carriers. Methods: Twenty patients who had been previously treated for HPV due to genital lesions were referred for the conduction of anuscopy and colposcopy of the perianal region. Results: Males (80%) prevailed over females (20%). Of the total number of patients, only 2 showed lesions as examined by anuscopy (10%). However, 3 other patients showed lesions by means of colposcopy, thus increasing to 5 (25%) the total number of asymptomatic patients who presented perianal lesions. Of the total number of patients with lesions, 4 were males and 1 was a female. Conclusion: The presence of perianal lesions was observed in 10% of the patients with genital lesions by means of simple anal inspection. This figure increased to 25% when anal colposcopy was associated, thus showing the importance of conducting such examination on all patients with increased risk factors for HPV infection in the anal region.

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Cardiac arrhythmias are important electrocardiographic disorders in small animal medicine since some of them can cause serious situations, such as cardiac arrest and death. It's essential to recognize ECG abnormalities and the frequency they occur to improve the therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in dogs from January 2003 to April 2007 by retrospective analysis of ECGs obtained at the Veterinary Hospital at UNESP - Botucatu - SP. The most common rhythm disturbances in this population were sinus tachycardia and ventricular premature complexes in dogs and sinoventricular rhythm in cats.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep from northeastern Brazil. A total of 932 ovine serum samples from 54 properties in 19 municipalities of the state of Sergipe were collected and assayed using indirect fluorescent antibody test. The assay used antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (IFAT-IgG) with a cutoff point of 1:64. We observed that 28.22% (263/932) of the ovine samples were serum-reactive. In a logistic regression, factors such as consumption of water directly from the source, consumption of water from a deep well, and age below 12 months were associated with protection; whereas factors such as presence of cats on the property, presence of slatted floor, and use of exchanged or borrowed breeding males were associated with infection. The studied area can be considered endemic for toxoplasmosis, so it is necessary to adopt preventive and control measures because this zoonotic infection poses risks to public health.

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The aim was to study the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from State of Pará, Brazil. Three hundred and nineteen buffaloes were randomly selected into seven municipalities of Marajó Island. For comparative purposes, 128 buffaloes of five municipalities in the state of Pará were also evaluated. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was evaluated by Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA). The samples diagnosed as positive in iELISA were subjected to Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). We evaluated risk factors: location, breed, pregnancy and co-infection with Brucella abortus or Mycobacterium bovis. The frequency of animals positive for T. gondii in iELISA were compared by chi-square (x2) with 95% confidence. Variables with p <0.2 were subjected to logistic regression analysis; the model was built based on the odds ratios test. The prevalence of T. gondii in iELISA was 41,6% (186/447). In IFAT, 86,5% (161/186) had their positivity for T. gondii confirmed. The average prevalence in the municipalities of the Marajó Island and of the mainland was 32% (103/319) and 55% (70/128), respectively. The municipalities with the highest prevalence were Soure (53%) and Salvaterra (49%) in Marajó Island, and Castanhal (55%) and Thailândia (50%) in the Continent. The breed and co-infection with Brucella abortus or Mycobacterium bovis presented no influence on the prevalence of T. gondii. Additionally, pregnant animals were 57% more positive for T. gondii than nonpregnant animals. The presence of antibodies is an indicative of T. gondii in buffaloes in the state of Pará, and these findings represent a risk not only for farm animals, but to public health as a source of infection.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is uncertainty in the literature regarding the theory that obstetric events and pelvic floor injuries give rise to lower risk of subsequent urinary incontinence among women delivering via cesarean section than among women delivering vaginally. The objective of this study was to assess the two-year postpartum prevalence of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and the factors responsible for them. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a public university. METHODS: 220 women who had undergone elective cesarean section or vaginal childbirth two years earlier were selected. Their urinary incontinence symptoms were investigated, and their pelvic floor muscle dysfunction was assessed using digital palpation and a perineometer. RESULTS: The two-year urinary incontinence prevalences following vaginal childbirth and cesarean section were 17% and 18.9%, respectively. The only risk factor for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction was weight gain during pregnancy. Body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 and normal pelvic floor muscle function protected against urinary incontinence. Gestational urinary incontinence increased the risk of two-year postpartum urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION: Gestational urinary incontinence was a crucial precursor of postpartum urinary incontinence. Weight gain during pregnancy increased the subsequent risk of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and elective cesarean section did not prevent urinary incontinence.

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Objective: To associate the nutritional status of elementary schoolchildren with their gender, age group, and economic status based on a cross-sectional study carried out at public schools in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Oeste, Southern Brazil. Methods: The study was performed in 2010 including 939 schoolchildren aged six to ten years-old. The economical status of the families was classified based on a socioeconomic ranking questionnaire (Brazilian Association of Survey Companies), and the body mass index was calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and differences between independent groups were verified by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while possible associations were verified by the chi-square test, being significant p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of obesity in the sample was 8.0%, and overweight, 16.4%. No association was found between the socioeconomic and nutritional status or between the nutritional status and gender. Conclusions: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in this study, indicating that children of both genders are affected regardless of their economical status and age.

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The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in water buffaloes of the Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil. We used an indirectenzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), with total antigen containing proteins outer surface, and polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), involving the use of SYBR Green based on amplification of a small fragment of the cytochrome b gene. The prevalence of positive animals in iELISA to B. bovis B. bigemina and mixed infection was 24.87% (199/800), 20.75% (166/800) and 18.75% (150/800), respectively. Using the PCR, the presence of B. bovis wasdetected in 15% (18/199) and B. bigemina in 16% (19/199) of animals, and of these, 58% (11/19) presented co-infected by the two agents. The results show a low prevalence of antibodies anti-B. bovis and anti-B. bigemina in water buffaloes from Marajó Island. However, it was observed that the agents of bovine babesiosis circulate in buffaloes, and these may act as reservoirs.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB