Proyecto DIL-D: Grado de Desarrollo de políticas y estrategias de Integración Laboral de las personas con Discapacidad en las organizaciones que operan en territorio nacional. Informe de investigación Resultados del primer año

El presente informe expone los principales resultados alcanzados en el primer año de andadura de la Cátedra UB – Fundación Adecco para la Integración Laboral de Personas con Discapacidad (http://www.ub.edu/catedrainlab/). Esta Cátedra parte de la necesidad de analizar y evaluar el impacto que tiene en las empresas una estrategia de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC)1 orientada a la integración laboral de las personas con discapacidad, en la calidad de vida laboral y en los niveles de efectividad organizacional.

Proyecto EFO+CVL: Influencia del desarrollo de políticas y estrategias de integración laboral de las personas con discapacidad en la efectividad organizativa (EfO) y la calidad de vida laboral (CVL). Informe de investigación Resultados del segundo año

El presente informe tiene por objeto exponer los resultados correspondientes al segundo año de andadura de la Cátedra UB – Fundación Adecco para la Integración Laboral de Personas con Discapacidad (http://www.ub.edu/catedrainlab/).

Las historias de vida como alternativa para visibilizar los relatos y experiencias silenciadas de la educación

En este artículo se hace referencia a una investigación sobre la constitución de la identidad de docentes en formación y en sus primeros años de trabajo, buscando que emerjan relatos invisibilizados y tratando de aportar otra dimensión de las historias de vida en educación. Una dimensión desde la que hemos pretendido dar cuenta de la complejidad de lo que experiencia el profesorado novel y en formación para generar micro-historias que permitan un relato otro de la historia contemporánea de la educación. En este caso, desde y con el profesorado que comienza en la profesión docente.

El derecho a contraer matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. Algunas reflexiones a propósito de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 198/2012

La sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 198/2012 constituye el último eslabón en el debate jurídico abierto con la promulgación de la ley 13/2005, por la cual se posibilita en nuestro ordenamiento que dos personas de un mismo sexo puedan contraer matrimonio, equiparándolos, a todos los efectos legales, a los matrimonios heterosexuales. La declaración de constitucionalidad de esta norma, viene a despojar al matrimonio -contemplado en el artículo 32 de la CE- de uno de sus elementos que durante siglos lo ha caracterizado: su naturaleza heterosexual, de acuerdo con la imagen que, en la actualidad, tiene de esta institución la mayoría de la sociedad. Y, sobre todo, supone una equiparación en el ejercicio de un derecho constitucional a un colectivo que por razón de su orientación sexual había sido excluido de esta institución y 'condenado' a constituir otras formas de convivencia diferentes del matrimonio.

Análisis de los apoyos que reciben los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual en su transición a la vida adulta en España: una investigación a partir de experiencias de profesionales y personas con discapacidad = Analysis of support received by young people with intellectual disabilities in their transition to adulthood in Spain: an investigation based on the experiences of professionals and people with disabilities

The objective of this study is to gather information regarding the adaptation of the range of socio educational projects and services aimed at the transition to an adult life of young persons with intellectual disabilities in Spain. The research of the study has been done in three stages. During each stage, a specific tool has been used. One to one in-depth interviews have been undertaken with 45 professionals and 20 individuals with intellectual disabilities. The Delphi method has been applied to two panels consisting of 20 experts each. Firstly, results focus on the approach to different issues related to the devices. Secondly, the training opportunities that these individuals receive to ease the transition period is addressed. And finally, the study refers to the participation of the individuals themselves and their families in the process. The developed analysis allows us to propose strategies to improve the transition to adult life

La inclusión laboral de personas con trastorno mental grave mediante Empleo con Apoyo : elementos clave a partir de los professionals

Supported Employment (SE) is a clear alternative to the work inclusion of people with severe mental disorder (SMD). This article has two purposes: first, to show the possibilities of application of the SE with people with SMD, secondly, to establish the main lines that are configured as elements favoring the inclusion processes of this group work by SE. A piece of research has been carried out based on interviews of professionals with experience in supporting the work inclusion of people with SMD, focusing on the key factors that these professionals perceive as key elements for successful work inclusion processes. The awareness of the disease by the worker with SMD, the organization of the support processes throughout the insertion process, the relationship with the company as well as with the family and the characteristics of the health network are among the factors that, according to the research results, appear to be key factors for successful and less successful work inclusion processes. The information obtained provides insight into how people with SMD develop work inclusion processes with supported employment and help us to suggest some strategies to improve these processes

Descrições de técnicas da química na produção de bens de acordo com os relatos dos naturalistas viajantes no Brasil colonial e imperial

European naturalists explored Brazil in long scientific expeditions and published accounts that make up a rich and still largely untapped historiographic source for the understanding of the history of chemistry. The production of indigo dye, the manufacture of limestone, extraction and purification of saltpeter and the production of salt are discussed. Lime was used to whitewash walls and, mixed with whale oil, as cement to glue stones in buildings of the colonial period. It was prepared by burning seashells in specifically designed ovens. Saltpeter was produced by reacting naturally occurring calcium and magnesium nitrate with potassium-rich wood ashes to yield KNO3. NaCl was obtained by evaporating seawater under the sun. Indigo, a native plant, was cultivated and processed to produce the renowned dye, which was exported to Europe.

Errores numéricos: ¿Cómo afectan a las personas con ansiedad matemática?

¿Cómo responde el cerebro de una persona con ansiedad a las matemáticas? Nuestro estudio muestra que los estudiantes con mucha ansiedad hacia las matemáticas presentan un componente llamado negatividad asociada al error (NAE) de mayor tamaño que aquellos con poca ansiedad. Esta diferencia emerge en errores en tareas numéricas, lo que sugiere que las personas con alta ansiedad son hipersensibles a la comisión de estos errores. Este hallazgo aporta nuevo conocimiento sobre las bases cerebrales de la ansiedad hacia las matemáticas y sugiere que esta hipersensibilidad al error numérico podría ser un factor determinante tanto en el origen como en el mantenimiento de esta ansiedad.

El Burnout percibido o sensación de estar quemado en profesionales sanitarios: prevalencia y factores asociados

Depending on the various models explaining the burnout syndrome, different questionnaires have been developed to asses this topic, the most widely-used is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Moreover, in trying to asses this syndrome in a faster and more practical way, several authors have developed other instruments with fewer items. The present investigation aims: 1. Study the prevalence of burnout syndrome perceived using a simple measure of self-reported burnout, and to analyse its association with the scales of MBI. 2. Study demographic and work conditions associated with the perceived burnout. 3. Relate the burnout to personal and work evaluations. The sample consist of 6150 health professionals in Latin America (mainly from Argentina but with representation from Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Uruguay, Guatemala and Spain, among others. The mean age of the sample was 42.4 years, 52.7% were males. They were supplied with an online questionnaire through the health web page ”Intramed” in order to measure characteristics, perceptions and professional opinions. The MBI and a simple question to assess perceptions of burnout (Do you feel burnt out ?) was also included. The results indicated that 36.3% of the sample has the perception of “burnt out” or burnout . The perceived burnout is closely related to emotional exhaustion and is independent of depersonalisation. The burnout is associated with the perceived sense of personal and family deterioration due to working conditions, and the idea of abandoning the profession

Indicadores sociales y psicosociales de calidad de vida de las personas mayores en un municipio = Social and psychosocial quality of life indicators of older persons in a municipality

A research about the quality of life of the older persons of a municipality starting from the analysis of the perceptions, evaluations and expectations related to concrete spheres of their lives (familiar characteristics, housing, health, nearby environment, activities, needs and dependencies and persons helping them to satisfy needs) is presented. Answers to 1988 questionnaires obtained from two representative samples of older per - sons living in private homes in the city have been analysed: persons over 65 years old and a specific one composed by a sub-sample of the general one, with persons over 75 years living alone. Data shaping contextual indicators related to housing have been analysed. The auto - nomy to drive and the evaluation of on’s health seem to be positive indicators to take in account while sutying quality of life at these ages. Sentinel indicators of the physical and relational conditions in the family and indicators of dependency are analysed as well. The evaluations of the older persons about their own life conditions are also analysed through psychosocial indicators connected to housing, nearby environmenent, their activities andincomes. The results obtained are applicable in order to improve the decision making process in social intervention programmes developed in the field of ageing aiming to take into account their perspectives

Condiciones de trabajo psicosociales y desgaste psíquico en trabajadores de diversos sectores empresariales de centro-oriente, suroccidente y región Caribe en Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de trabajadores de distintos sectores empresariales de Colombia sobre los factores psicosociales presentes en su entorno laboral y la relación entre los factores psicosociales nocivos y los síntomas subjetivos y alteraciones de la salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio no experimental, transversal y cuantitativo. Participaron 370 trabajadores, de diferentes sectores empresariales de Colombia (Centro-Oriente, Suroccidente y región Caribe). Instrumento: batería para el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo de carácter psicosocial (CTCPS-MAC), validada para población iberoamericana, permite evaluar cuatro dimensiones: Contexto de trabajo, Contenido de trabajo, Factores individuales y Desgaste psíquico e incluye catorce factores psicosociales. Los datos se analizaron con IBM SPSS statistics 21. Se realizó análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariante de factores psicosociales nocivos y desgaste psíquico. Resultados: Los factores formación, baja médica, contexto de trabajo, contenido de trabajo y factores individuales están asociados en este estudio con desgaste psíquico. El contexto de trabajo es la variable que infiere mayor riesgo (p=0.000; Exp (B)= 5.355) para provocar desgaste psíquico, seguida de la formación técnica o superior y del contenido del trabajo. Conclusiones: Si bien aquellos trabajadores cuya percepción nociva del contexto de trabajo (interrelación trabajo-vida familiar/personal, cultura de la organización, gestión de la empresa, etc.), del contenido de trabajo (concepción tareas, carga y ritmo de trabajo, etc.) y los que tienen formación técnica o superior tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer desgaste psíquico, se observan aspectos positivos de las condiciones de trabajo psicosocial y su influencia en los trabajadores y en las organizaciones.

Extracción de compuestos con actividad antioxidante de frutos de guayaba cultivada en Vélez-Santander, Colombia

The effects of the extraction system (50% methanol or 50% methanol pH 2.0), volume/material ratio, temperature, time and extractions with 70% acetone were evaluated in the total phenolic compounds (TPC) extraction and in antioxidant activities (AA) using FRAP and ABTS assays in guava fruit. The best yield was obtained when 0.5 g of guava were extracted first with 20 mL 50% methanol and then four times with 20 mL 70% acetone during 30 min at 50 °C. Among the different trials guava fruit exhibited high levels of AA as well as TPC.

Determinación de vitamina C, compuestos fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante de frutas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) cultivadas en Colombia

Some physicochemical parameters, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (AA) measured by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH methods were determinated in four different varieties of ripe guava produced in Colombia. Samples were statistically similar in their titratable acidity. Soluble solids were statistically similar and higher in "Pear", "Pink Regional", and "White Regional", but lower in "Apple" guavas. Vitamin C was statistically lower in "Pear" guava. Phenolics, ABTS-, FRAP-, and DPPH-AA were statistically lower in "Apple" guava if compared in wet basis. "Pink Regional" and "White Regional" contained the highest levels in vitamin C, phenolics and antioxidant activity.

Actitudes hacia la química de estudiantes de diferentes carreras universitarias en Colombia

This work reports a study on the attitudes of Colombian students towards Chemistry in different undergraduate programs. The research was performed on 769 students belonging to several Chemistry courses, by applying an adaptation of Salta and Tzougraki's test and using Likert's scale. The results revealed that Chemistry is being considered as difficult and little useful, but very interesting. Thus, the difficulty to learn Chemistry may be associated with its language and abstract conceptual nature. In addition, more attention should be given to the class contents and methodologies provided to the students, in order to engage them with those interest aspects and meaningful topics of each program