Personnel Practices in Japanese Government

This paper examines key aspects of Japanese Government personnel practices, and draws comparisons with the practices in the U.S. civil service and, as appropriate, with other U.S. models. Particular reference is made to the practices of two major agencies in Japan, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT). As appropriate, selected government businesses practices other than personnel practices are noted.

Evaluación de resultados de un programa en salud oral en una población capitada infantil en un centro ambulatorio entre 2009-2012

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar los resultados de una intervención primaria en salud oral de una población infantil entre edades de 7 a 12 años y establecer el comportamiento presentado en la población estudiada con respecto al índice internacional de salud oral COE Y COP, determinando aumento o disminución luego de la intervención. Para ello se utilizó un instrumento de recolección de datos, posterior a la observación de los registros clínicos, logrando conocer las características de las variables planteadas en el estudio en relación al Índice de Salud Oral COE y COP – D al inicio, final y comparativo de la intervención; número de eventos requeridos para la intervención, adherencia y cambios en patrón de morbilidad luego de la intervención. De acuerdo con los resultados se encontró que el comportamiento presentado en la población estudiada con respecto al índice de salud oral COE Y COP muestra una disminución que luego del análisis de resultados concluye con el cumplimiento de la meta internacional establecida por la OMS, estableciendo como objetivo para América Latina un COP-D de 1 a 2.9 para el año 2015; lo cual para esta investigación demuestra efectividad de la intervención al obtener un índice COP-D de 2,67.

Reliable entertainment: Spanish consumers' preferences regarding a film's country of origin

This article contributes to the study of cinema audiences in Europe by analyzing the actual behavior of Spanish moviegoers and their level of satisfaction. We modeled moviegoers’ choice of film by country of origin (U.S.A., Spain, and other countries) according to a set of determinants: (1) consumers’ interpretation of several sources of information, (2) motivations and (3) choice rules. We found three clear consumer stereotypes related to each type of film: (1) U.S.A. films were preferred by almost everyone (especially families and younger audiences); (2) Spanish films had audiences composed of middle-age and middle-class moviegoers; and (3) European productions were preferred by a social or intellectual elite. U.S.A. films dominate the Spanish market for the reason that they provide most of what moviegoers prefer, namely, familiar, reliable entertainment in Spanish; three characteristics that are not satisfied by Spanish and European films. Additionally, we discuss the implications for the European cultural policy

El cinema i la constitució d'un públic popular a Barcelona. El cas del Paral·lel

Between 1895 and 1910 Barcelona saw a whole range of social, political and cultural changes due to the increasingly important emergence of the working masses. At the same time, the cinema arrived in Catalonia, becoming very quickly one of the favorite entertainments of the urban laboring population which was about creating a new culture opposed to the modernist and nineteenth-century elite .This is, broadly speaking, the context that serves as a starting point for a study of the role of cinema in shaping a mass audience in Barcelona, an analysis centered on new urban spaces intended for the leisure of the lower classes emerged with the birth of modern Barcelona, especially the “Paral•lel” avenue, whose opening in 1894 made even more apparent the great social tensions and existing inequalities in Barcelona’s society at the end of the century.

El cinema com a recurs i matèria d'estudi: l'experiència de Drac Màgic

La tesi titulada "El cinema com a recurs i matèria d'estudi: l'experiència de Drac Màgic", consta de quatre parts clarament diferenciades, però complementàries entre si, que responen a la voluntat d'orientar la introducció del cinema en l'àmbit de l'educació. L'objectiu fonamental de la primera part de la tesi és el de crear un marc teòric en el que conflueixin les recerques i les opinions de diversos autors, provinents del camp de la comunicació o bé especialistes en l'àmbit de l'educació, que s'han interrogat, des de la seva particular parcel·la d'estudi, sobre aspectes relacionats amb la presència dels mitjans de comunicació, en general, o bé sobre la incidència del cinema, en particular, en la nostra societat i en les persones. Les qüestions més bàsiques que constitueixen, segons el meu parer, els principals dubtes que ha de dissipar un educador que està interessat en la possibilitat d'introduir el cinema en la seva pràctica educativa i que són les següents: què és el cinema, per què introduir el cinema, quin cinema introduir i com introduir el cinema. La segona part de la tesi està dedicada íntegrament a l'estudi de l'experiència d'una cooperativa de Barcelona, anomenada Drac Màgic, que des de fa vint-i-cinc anys treballa en l'aplicació del cinema en l'àmbit de l'educació formal i en la formació permanent del professorat. L'anàlisi d'aquesta proposta, ens permet concretar amb un exemple pràctic, que és molt proper a la nostra realitat immediata, es aspectes teòrics que hem presentat en la primera part de la tesi. Per altra banda, l'estudi d'aquesta experiència pretén ser un punt de referència a l'hora de realitzar la proposta pràctica d'integració del cinema en els plantejaments educatius, que realitzem a la quarta part de la tesi. En la tercera part de la tesi, hem investigat en el marc legal que configura les possibilitat i els límits que se'ls hi plantegen als professors que estan interessats en introduir els mitjans de comunicació, en general, i el cinema, en particular, en les seves pràctiques educatives. Així, doncs, per conèixer el nivell de compromís que les institucions públiques adopten per potenciar la introducció dels mitjans de comunicació en general, i del cinema, en particular, a les escoles, hem investigat en el marc legal que regula actualment el funcionament dels centres escolars i que es coneix amb el nom de Reforma educativa i també hem volgut conèixer els principals objectius i les activitats que desenvolupen dues iniciatives institucionals El Programa de Noves Tecnologies de la Informació i de la Comunicació del Ministeri d'Educació i Ciència espanyol i el Programa de Mitjans Audiovisuals del Departament d'Ensenyament de la Generalitat de Catalunya. En la quarta part de la tesi, hem dissenyat una proposta pràctica per introduir el cinema a les escoles del nostres país, que s'ha concretat en l'elaboració d'un crèdit variable sobre cinema destinat als alumnes que cursen l'Educació Secundària Obligatòria.

A Educação alimentar e nutricional : práticas pedagógicas em Escolas do Município de Ubajara-CE

Umas das grandes causas de problemas nutricionais é a falta de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional, que, na maioria das vezes, consiste em simples orientações e técnicas educativas inadequadas e tradicionais. Portanto, a pesquisa analisou a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional, mais especificamente as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas pelos professores das escolas públicas do município de Ubajara-Ce, realizando entrevistas com os docentes que ministram Ciências Naturais no 8º ano de três escolas municipais e aplicando-se também um questionário para os alunos. Todos os docentes possuem graduação em Pedagogia e Pós-Graduação em áreas não afins com a temática. Não houve formação continuada sobre o assunto, mas de acordo com o questionário, os alunos possuem os conhecimentos sobre o tema, onde estatisticamente não houve diferenças significativas ao nível de 5% para a maioria das questões. Ao analisar o discurso dos docentes, a metodologia de ensino utilizada tem tendência ao ensino sócio e individualizado com a exposição oral, debates, dinâmicas e entre os recursos didáticos estão a lousa, livros e recursos audiovisuais. Somente as práticas pedagógicas dos Professores 1 e 3 tomam um caráter de práticas reflexivas, nos levando a concluir que independente das diferenças entre as práticas pedagógicas, todas levaram ao aprendizado do aluno.

Práticas de Animação do Livro e da Biblioteca numa Perspetiva de Cooperação entre Bibliotecas Escolares e Municipais

Tem sido difícil alcançar posições consensuais na definição da importância do papel da animação sociocultural e do seu contributo para o desenvolvimento de toda uma comunidade, através das suas práticas e metodologias específicas. A cooperação, entre bibliotecas escolares e municipais, tem sido pouco explorada, estudada e até valorizada. Os problemas de desenvolvimento de práticas de animação dentro destas bibliotecas é uma questão que merece toda a atenção em proveito do aumento da coadjuvação ativa entre estas instituições documentais, onde urge cada vez mais não só o trabalho de tratamento documental, mas também o trabalho para os utilizadores numa ótica de desenvolvimento de atividades e projetos de diversos tipos de animação, em contextos específicos onde estes espaços se inserem. Este trabalho de investigação sobre práticas de animação do livro e da biblioteca numa perspetiva de cooperação entre bibliotecas escolares e municipais incide no estudo de caso de três bibliotecas escolares e uma biblioteca municipal, no Município de Câmara de Lobos, ilha da Madeira, local onde a mestranda desempenhou, no passado, funções de animadora sociocultural como licenciada na área, tendo desenvolvido, através de metodologias e práticas de animação, competências sociais, culturais e educativas, nos espaços bibliotecários e seus respetivos utilizadores. Assim, com esta investigação, pretende-se apurar se existem práticas de cooperação desenvolvidas nas bibliotecas em estudo e qualificá-las; recolher informação pertinente relativa à investigação levada a cabo e obter opiniões sobre o papel dos profissionais de animação de bibliotecas; conhecer o impacto do trabalho desenvolvido pela investigadora no passado, nestes espaços de biblioteca. A metodologia de investigação consistiu na realização de entrevistas orais semiestruturadas e na análise dos planos de atividades e relatórios anuais das bibliotecas de objeto de estudo. As principais conclusões/resultados verificam-se no sentido amplo da cooperação entre bibliotecas municipais e escolares, baseadas basicamente, na existência das práticas de animação, deixando estas muito ainda por desenvolver e explorar nos espaços em estudo.

Emotional interactions and an ethic of care: caring relations in families affected by HIV and AIDS

In the context of global processes of economic restructuring, the HIV and AIDS epidemic and socio-cultural constructions of care, many women and young people in low-income households have been drawn into caring roles within the family. Drawing on the literature on an ethics of care, emotional geographies and embodiment, this paper examines the emotional dynamics of the caring process in families affected by HIV and AIDS. Based on the perspectives of both ‘caregivers’ and ‘care-receivers’ from research undertaken in Namibia, Tanzania and the UK, we examine the everyday practices of care that women and young people are engaged in and explore how emotions are performed and managed in caring relationships. Our research suggests caregivers play a crucial role in providing emotional support and reassurance to people with HIV, which in turn often affects caregivers' emotional and physical wellbeing. Within environments where emotional expression is restricted and HIV is heavily stigmatised, caregivers and care-receivers seek to regulate their emotions in order to protect family members from the emotional impacts of a chronic, life-limiting illness. However, whilst caregiving and receiving may lead to close emotional connections and a high level of responsiveness, the intensity of intimate caring relationships, isolation and lack of access to adequate resources can cause tensions and contradictory feelings that may be difficult to manage. These conflicts can severely constrain carers' ability to provide the ‘good care’ that integrates the key ethical phases in Tronto's (1993) ideal of the caring process.

Liberation or limitation? Understanding Iyengar Yoga as a practice of the self

This article explores the Foucauldian notions of practices of the self and care of the self, read via Deleuze, in the context of Iyengar yoga (one of the most popular forms of yoga currently). Using ethnographic and interview research data the article outlines the Iyengar yoga techniques which enable a focus upon the self to be developed, and the resources offered by the practice for the creation of ways of knowing, experiencing and forming the self. In particular, the article asks whether Iyengar yoga offers possibilities for freedom and liberation, or whether it is just another practice of control and management. Assessing Iyengar yoga via a ‘critical function’, a function of ‘struggle’ and a ‘curative and therapeutic function’, the article analyses whether the practice might constitute a mode of care of the self, and what it might offer in the context of the contemporary need to live better, as well as longer.

Materiality, subjectification, and government: the geographies of Britain's Motorway Code

In this paper I provide a critical discussion of Foucault's work on government and governmentality. I argue that geographers have tended to overlook the ways in which practices of self-government and subjectification are performed in relation to programmes of government, and suggest that they should examine the technical devices which are embedded in networks of government. Drawing upon these observations I suggest how geographers might proceed, tracing the geographies of a specific artefact: the British government's 1958 Motorway Code. I examine how the code was designed to serve as a technology of government that could shape the conduct of fairly mobile and distant subjects, enabling them to govern their conduct and the movements of their vehicles.

The social relations of business representation and devolved governance in the United Kingdom

The reform of regional governance in the United Kingdom has been, in part, premised on the notion that regions provide new territories of action in which cooperative networks between business communities and state-agencies can be established. Promoting business interests is seen as one mechanism for enhancing the economic competitiveness and performance of 'laggard' regions. Yet, within this context of change, business agendas and capacities are often assumed to exist 'out there, as a resource waiting to be tapped by state institutions. There is little recognition that business organisations' involvement in networks of governance owes much to historical patterns and practices of business representation, to the types of activities that exist within the business sector, and to interpretations of their own role and position within wider policymaking and implementation networks. This paper, drawing on a study of business agendas in post-devolution Scotland, demonstrates that in practice business agendas are highly complex. Their formation in any particular place depends on the actions of reflexive agents, whose perspectives and capacities are shaped by the social, economic, and political contexts within which they are operating. As such, any understanding of business agendas needs to identify the social relations of business as a whole, rather than assuming away such complexities.

Lesbian migrants in the gentrified valley: other 'geographies' of rural gentrification

This paper explores the migration and cultural consumption practices of lesbian households within processes of rural change. Taking forward Phillips' (2004. Progress in Human Geography 28, 5-30) discussion of neglected geographies of rural gentrification, and building upon Halfacree's (2001. International Journal of Population Geography 7, 395-411) critique of dominant conceptualisations of rural in-migrants, the paper presents empirical findings from a qualitative study of lesbian households in Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire. This follows up an earlier study of rural gentrification (Smith and Phillips, 2001. Journal of Rural Studies 19, 457-469). Lesbian households are shown to be a significant group that socially and culturally (re)produce distinct constructions of rurality, and act as gentrifiers via their migration, residential, and consumption practices. Many parallels to the migration processes of non-lesbian gentrifiers in Hebden Bridge are revealed, with the alternative cultural structures of Hebden Bridge being a key factor. We therefore argue that lesbian households should not be 'othered' within discourses of rural gentrification. The discussion emphasises the value of focussing upon neglected socio-cultural groups in robust ways, in order to shed light on the wider lifestyles and experiences of diverse rural populations, and to deepen understandings of other geographies of rural gentrification. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mapping antimalarial pharmacophores as a useful tool for the rapid discovery of drugs effective in vivo: design, construction, characterization, and pharmacology of metaquine

Resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and the unavailability of useful antimalarial vaccines reinforce the need to develop new efficacious antimalarials. This study details a pharmacophore model that has been used to identify a potent, soluble, orally bioavailable antimalarial bisquinoline, metaquine (N,N'-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine) (dihydrochloride), which is active against Plasmodium berghei in vivo (oral ID50 of 25 mu mol/kg) and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 in vitro (0.17 mu M). Metaquine shows strong affinity for the putative antimalarial receptor, heme at pH 7.4 in aqueous DMSO. Both crystallographic analyses and quantum mechanical calculations (HF/6-31+G*) reveal important regions of protonation and bonding thought to persist at parasitic vacuolar pH concordant with our receptor model. Formation of drug-heme adduct in solution was confirmed using high-resolution positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Metaquine showed strong binding with the receptor in a 1: 1 ratio (log K = 5.7 +/- 0.1) that was predicted by molecular mechanics calculations. This study illustrates a rational multidisciplinary approach for the development of new 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials, with efficacy superior to chloroquine, based on the use of a pharmacophore model.

Visual representations as 'artifacts of knowing'

How does the manipulation of visual representations play a role in the practices of generating, evolving and exchanging knowledge? The role of visual representation in mediating knowledge work is explored in a study of design work of an architectural practice, Edward Cullinan Architects. The intensity of interactions with visual representations in the everyday activities on design projects is immediately striking. Through a discussion of observed design episodes, two ways are articulated in which visual representations act as 'artefacts of knowing'. As communication media they are symbolic representations, rich in meaning, through which ideas are articulated, developed and exchanged. Furthermore, as tangible artefacts they constitute material entities with which to interact and thereby develop knowledge. The communicative and interactive properties of visual representations constitute them as central elements of knowledge work. The paper explores emblematic knowledge practices supported by visual representation and concludes by pinpointing avenues for further research.

Assessing the process of knowledge transfer – An empirical study

This paper investigates and evaluates the process of knowledge transfer in construction projects. Due to the highly competitive nature of business environments, knowledge transfer between organisations has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, although organisations can realise remarkable benefits by transferring knowledge from one unit to another, successful knowledge transfer can be difficult to achieve. The discussions presented in the paper are mainly based on findings of two case studies. The two cases were selected from Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects in the UK. According to the case study findings, different stages of a knowledge transfer process can be overlapped, omitted, repeated as well as intermitted and then restarted. One of the significant findings of the case studies was the role of the "knowledge mediator". In selected case studies, there were external consultants and expert staff in the form of knowledge mediators. The importance of their roles was frequently highlighted by the interview participants. They were not only facilitating the close liaison between the knowledge source and the receiver, but also their role was strongly associated with practices of translation and interpretation. This combined role of mediator/translator, therefore, appears to be particularly significant for inter-organisational knowledge transfer in PFI projects.