Fidelidade composicional de assembléias de braquiópodes (Rhynconelliformea) na plataforma e talude continental: implicações paleontológicas e geológicas

This paper deals with the Compositional Fidelity of the brachiopods assemblages, dominated by Bouchardia rosea, on the outer shelf and continental slope along São Paulo State. Samples were obtained during the Revizee-Score-Sul-Benthos program. The sampled stations are in sites as depth as 90 to 600 meters, along the outer continental shelf, the shelf break and the top of continental slope. The fidelity estimates were obtained directly from the comparisons between living biota and dead shells, from the same collecting stations. Data come from 66 sampling stations, and the vast majority of the Bouchardia rosea individuals collected (n=2393) were dead (n = 2342, 97.9%). Only 51 individuals were collected alive. When pooling the data from all collecting stations the dead/live frequency is of 2,1% only. The occurrences of Bouchardia rosea shells in siliciclastic bottoms are reduced and living individuals were not found on this type of bottom, at least during the sampling program. These results suggest low compositional fidelity (live-dead) or high compositional mismatch, pointing to a recent decrease in this specie population. The low compositional fidelity of the Bouchardia rosea assemblages in outer shelf sites may be due to changes in seawater temperature, nutrient availability and population history. All these issues must be investigated in the near future

Identificação de áreas sujeitas a processos erosivos na área urbana do município de Aparecida, SP

Historically, in Brazil, the process of urbanization and city growth was due to the intense migration of rural population to urban areas, especially in the last thirty years. This move, combined with a lack of planning, allowed the occupation of areas with potential for occurrences of erosion. The city of Aparecida, SP can be cited as an example of this process. These irregular occupations generate large material damage and human losses conditioned on mass movement of soil, resulting from the development of erosive processes. So, it is of great importance to physical characterization and identification of these areas within the same city map as a way to minimize the effects and mitigate the consequences of events. Thus, this work presents a series of graduate field campaigns, geotechnical laboratory testing and consultation with representative maps of the physical environment, as a means conclusive for delimintation of areas with potential risk for the occurrence of erosion, especially in areas undergoing urban expansion of the city Aparecida, SP. These areas were determined some geotechnical properties of soils present, evaluating the potential erodibility of them. Also presented are the descriptions of the main characteristics of these areas identified as being at risk, along with proposals to avoid or minimize the impact of problems related to erosion processes on the local population

Estudo geofísico em um depósito de manganês supergênico no município de Itapira - SP

The mining research is a complex activity, which should preferably involve the combination of direct and indirect techniques of geological research. The increasing demand for base metals in domestic and international markets provide the revaluation of mineral occurrences, which can be converted into deposits and mines. This paper presents the results of the application of geophysical methods of electric resistivity and induced polarization in main foliation parallel to the arrangement of the area, in a deposit of oxides and hydroxides in massive and disseminated ores, docked in gneisses and quartzites, located in the municipality of Itapira, in the North of the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Inversion models indicate the predominance of high cargabilidade that partially coincide with low resistivity values. Integration of geophysical data made possible the drafting of sections of electric walking with cross-checking distance x depth, for detailing your target. The integrated analysis of geophysical and geological structural data leads to the conclusion that the primary mining suffers structural control with the regional foliation in ores

Preposições em textos do gênero notícia na imprensa paulista: norma e uso no ínicio do século XX

This paper proposes a reflection on processes of variation and change that occurred with the portuguese prepositions a, ate, em and para, taken as a parameter for answers in a broader context, the confrontation between the norm and use and between standard and linguistic variation. We conducted the study based on a corpus composed of all occurrences of the prepositions in question removed news of the newspaper O Combate and O Estado de Sao Paulo. Whereas the main objective of the study is to present and describe the use of these particles in newspaper articles of the Imprensa Paulista, data were collected and quantified by using the statistical package GOLDVARB, and interpretation of results relied (i) assumptions regarding the process variation in the use of prepositions and prepositions replace weak, as the preposition to, for strong prepositions (para, em, até), (ii) in comparison with the grammatical rule in effect at the time, (iii) and in the search for the existence of some historical factor that justifies the selection of a preposition rather than another. Among the hypotheses, we investigate the relationship between these prepositions and whose kind of preachers they introduce supplements: the direction of motion (abstract or concrete) or transfer (material and verbal / perceptual). This theoretical perspective was the Labovian sociolinguistics (Labov, 1972, 1994), which defines the linguistic variable as a representation of two or more different ways to convey a certain information content, being necessary to define it the following criteria set exact number of variants to establish all the multiplicity of contexts in which it appears; develop a quantitative index for measuring the values of variables

Considerações sobre as consequências dos Desastres Hidrometeorológicos no Brasil de 2009 a 2011

The disaster natural disaster stand as one of the greatest challenges of urban man. Cities are built and modeled as a function of economic and political issues, without respecting environmental characteristics. So it is possible to see through the data of the National Civil Defence large number of disasters occurring in Brazilian cities in the years 2009 to 2011, and in all were reported over 5000 occurrences of natural disasters over the years. The Brazilian public policy failures show up in issues of urban planning where to admit the allocation of people in inappropriate areas. Another issue to be considered is the non-response of the population to civil defense warnings, people often prefer to risk staying in high-risk areas for fear of being robbed while they are away, and end up not serving the notices given by the Civil Defense, increase thus the number of victims when in fact the weather event triggers natural disasters one

Eventos adversos em terapia medicamentosa em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - UTI

Due to the complexity and instability of clinical conditions of ICU patients, the drug therapy applied in this type of environment requires a combination of several prescribed drugs, which is a favorable condition for drug interaction, toxic synergism and possible iatrogenia. In the possible universe of ICU occurrences, this study aimed at identifying and evaluating the incidence of adverse events in drug therapy at the Intensive Care Therapy Service (SETI) in wards I and II. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, prospective and quantitative study conducted from August to September, 2011 in the Intensive Care Service of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital - UNESP. The population consisted of fifteen clinical nurses, including those in the Improvement and Volunteer Internship Programs, who contributed to the investigation after signing an informed consent form and according to approval by the Research Ethics Committee number 10711/CE - FMB. The data were entered on a form and analyzed. Results showed that, on average, 8.9% of events/day occurred, and the highest frequency was observed on August 04, 2011. 63% and 22% were respectively observed in the morning and afternoon shifts, and 15% in the night shift. 48% of these were due to administration time errors, followed by drug prescription and dispensation errors, with percentages of 22% and 18%, respectively. Antibiotics showed the highest frequency of adverse events - 18%, which was followed by 13% for anticoagulant, 11% for antiemetic and 10% for antiulcerative drugs. As regards the occurrence of adverse events related to hospitalization time, the highest frequency occurred in patients who were hospitalized for 10 days. Concerning the ratio between reported events and the number of items in the prescription, the highest frequency of events was related to prescriptions with 20 items... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Os ventos e seus impactos na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP) entre 2005 e 2010: um análise através dos jornais e dos boletins de ocorrência

The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds

Análise de ocorrências dos impactos pluviais na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP)

The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

Usos não-padrão das estratégias de relativização no português brasileiro: hipercorreção e estilo

This study focuses on the current use of the relative pronoun qual and variants or alternatives (o/os/a/as/ qual/quais, preceded or not by prepositions) in Brazilian Portuguese concerning mainly on the phenomenon of hypercorrection. As a theoretical basis, it was used the study of William Labov about the phenomenon and also the rules of use of this pronoun present in both traditional grammars and linguistic studies. It was performed a qualitative analysis of a corpus of written language with the intention of describing the different uses of the pronoun, and looking for their possible motivations. There were also found different types of occurrences of hypercorrection, which has led to propose a scale of uses of this relative pronoun, which reveals an increasing loss of its functions towards an use as an index of prestige. It discusses also the stylistic factor as a potential motivator of this phenomenon

Análise das enchentes no estado de São Paulo durante a operação verão de 2000 a 2007

With increasing frequency and intensity of climate disasters in Brazil, it is necessary studies on mitigation measures. From this spatialization of areas considered risk becomes essential to assist the public in preventive plans. Floods and flooding are the main types of climatic disasters that hit our country, especially the state of Sao Paulo, mainly by self degree of urbanization. From the data provided by the State Civil Defense was possible to create a database with the localities georelacional occurrences of flooding in the state in which through techniques of GIS (Geographic Information System) enabled the interrelationship and spatialization occurrence of areas affected This will help to determine potential areas of risk and different ways to prevent these disasters

Análise dos acidentes automobilísticos atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas no ano de 2010, Botucatu

As a result of the 20th-century industrial development, and particularly after World War II, cars have become an important consumer good, and this has led to a large number of circulating vehicles. To this day, the number of cars has increased exponentially worldwide, which results in a high number of traffic accidents (TAs) every day. TAs are responsible for 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year, and in Brazil, they are considered to be a public health problem, considering that its traffic is regarded as one of the worst and most dangerous in the world. In addition to temporary or permanent physical disabilities that bring great harm to individuals, accidents also cause psychological disorders, such as the post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence, considering the importance of TAs in the country and their outcomes, this study aimed at investigating the epidemiological aspects of car accidents occurring in 2010 who were assisted in the emergency room of a university hospital in São Paulo state. By means of records made by the nursing team and medical records analysis, it was possible to extract a stratified sample of 88 cases involving adults and eight cases involving children. The sample was analyzed by the SAS software for Windows, version 9.2. As regards the accidents involving adults, there was a predominance of males (67%), with an approximate 2:1 ratio in relation to females. The victims’ most frequent age range was 20-29 years (39%), and they were mostly single (56%). The month showing the largest number of occurrences was July, with 17%, and the weekday was Sunday, with 25%. Showing 32%, the time period when most accidents occurred was from 06:00 o’clock p.m. to 11:59 p.m. As regards vehicles types involved, motorcycles were in first place, with 47% of cases, and the most common accident type was crashing between vehicles, with 43%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A Concordância verbal e suas repercussões avaliativas nas redações de vestibular

This paper attempts to quantify the occurrences of verb agreement, as well as evaluative repercussions on a sample of one hundred and eight essays compiled by candidates entering the São Paulo State University- UNESP in 2006 through an annual entrance exam conducted by the Foundation and applied for Vestibular the Unesp - VUNESP in November 2005. Our reflections are observing about the possible relationships between the performances obtained in newsrooms observed (high, medium and low) and precepts found in the rules established by normative grammars. Our study is based on theoretical and methodological framework of variationist sociolinguistics and search through the quantification of data, discuss the factors that influence verb agreement in the corpus analyzed. Our results show not only a high index of cases of verbal agreement (standard variant) in the three types of essays analyzed, as well as cases of overcorrection that may be explained by the misapplication of the rules of agreement

Mapeamento geológico-estrutural e potencialidade econômica dos arredores de Jacutinga - MG

This monograph presents the data of geological mapping, structural and economic research of an area of about 230 km², in the outskirts of Jacutinga / MG, south of Minas Gerais State and adjacent areas of the northeastern state of São Paulo, in compliance with the discipline of Graduation Course of Geology at the Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences. It consists of Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe, developed in response to the collision of cratons Parana and Sao Francisco (630 Ma ago), with mass transit to the east, affected by the coexistence of a system pushes later, with convergence to Northwest, giving rise to the intricate area of interference of the two provinces. Locally there metasedimentary rocks of molasse basin of Proterozoic- Phanerozoic transition called Eleutério; Intrusive, equigranular and porphyroid granits, polyphase, and predominantly granodioritic migmatites Anatexia of structures with different neossomas predominantly granodioritic to granitic in Group Amparo, paragneisses arcosianos, greywacke, aluminous , calc-silicate, mica schists and migmatites of the aluminous migmatites and Itapira Anatexia of multi-phase, with neossomas predominantly granodiorite, with intercalations orthogneissic homogeneous granitic to tonalitic porphyroid composition of the Amparo. We tried to draw a geological map, semi-structural detail of the area in focus, with location of mineral occurrences economically viable operation. Furthermore, this study aims to train students in basic and applied geology, using techniques learned during the undergraduate course.

Análise da influência da iluminação de rodovias federais com a redução do número de acidentes

The increasing rate of traffic accidents, followed by the high rate of mortality due to these occurrences, favored to the classification of traffic accidents as a public health problem in Brazil. These accidents consume a significant portion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), especially related to the victims. Considering this scenery with many tragedies and resources being spent only in the end, this paper seeks to examine the influence of federal highways lighting by reducing the number of accidents. Federal Highways sections that received lighting were taken up for study, therefore a survey of statistical data has been raised considering the accidents before and after the route had been illuminated. Taking advantage of the results obtained, an economic analysis has been made considering the amounts consumed by traffic accidents versus the values required for the installation of lighting on highways

Estudo do metamorfismo de rochas de alto grau do grupo Araxá na região de São Sebastião do Paraíso - MG

This study focuses on metasedimentary rocks from the Passos Nappe in São Sebastião do Paraíso, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. These rocks belong to the Internal Domain (Araxa Group) of the Southern Brasilia Belt, a Neproterozoic orogenic belt associated to the formation of the Gondwana Supercontinent. Rocks from the studied area are characterized by an inverted metamorphic gradient. Previously calculated metamorphic conditions show an increasing from geenschist facies at the base (450°C, 6 kbar), to upper amphibolite facies (750°C, 11 Kbar) at the top of the sequence. However, most of these estimates are based on Fe-Mg exchange thermometers and peak temperatures may be underestimated due to Fe-Mg exchange from cooling after peak metamorphism. In this study, we present new PT results for these rocks, based on metamorphic mineral assemblage LA-ICP-MS analyses. In the studied area, rocks from the top of the sequence have a typical granulite facies mineral assemblage: Grt+Ky+Kfs+/-Pl+liq. These rocks lack muscovite and have only minor amounts of Ti-rich, dark brown biotite. In a simplified NaKFMASH system the stability field for this mineral assemblage is bounded by the reactions Sil = Ky on the low pressure side, Ms+Ab = Ky+Kfs+liq on the low temperature side and for high-Mg bulk compositions Bt + Grt = Opx + Ky + liq on the high-temperature side. Minimum temperatures (considering post-peak reequilibration) of ca. 750°C are obtained by Fe/(Fe+Mg) values of 0.7 in garnets from a Grt+Ky+Kfs bearing sample. LA-ICP-MS results obtained for three samples show that rutiles included in garnets have up to 1847 ppm of Zr, which would translate into temperatures up to 830°C for a pressure between 12 to 15 kbar. Also for retroeclogite sample, the results indicate the contents of Zr in the garnet 537 ppm at a temperature of 708 ° C. It is noteworthy that several occurrences of retroeclogites occur in the upper part of the sequence and pressures...