Effects of sublethal dose of fipronil on neuron metabolic activity of africanized honeybees

Fipronil is a neurotoxic insecticide that inhibits the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and can affect gustative perception, olfactory learning, and motor activity of the honeybee Apis mellifera. This study determined the lethal dose (LD50) and the lethal concentration (LC50) for Africanized honeybee and evaluated the toxicity of a sublethal dose of fipronil on neuron metabolic activity by way of histochemical analysis using cytochrome oxidase detection in brains from worker bees of different ages. In addition, the present study investigated the recovery mechanism by discontinuing the oral exposure to fipronil. The results showed that mushroom bodies of aged Africanized honeybees are affected by fipronil, which causes changes in metabolism by increasing the respiratory activity of mitochondria. In antennal lobes, the sublethal dose of fipronil did not cause an increase in metabolic activity. The recovery experiments showed that discontinued exposure to a diet contaminated with fipronil did not lead to recovery of neural activity. Our results show that even at very low concentrations, fipronil is harmful to honeybees and can induce several types of injuries to honeybee physiology. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

O papel do brincar na apropriação da linguagem escrita

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O gênero conto em Lives of Girls and Women: o labirinto de vozes em Heirs of the Living Body

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Entre o porão e sótão: espaços de formação em The wives of Bath, de Susan Swan

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Zimbo Trio e o Fino da Bossa: uma perspectiva histórica e sua repercussão na moderna música popular brasileira

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

The employment situation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Recovery of employment: towards a sustainable model

The adverse effects on Latin America and the Caribbean of the global economic and financial crisis, the worst since the 1930s, have been considerably less than was once feared. Although a run of growth was cut short in 2009 and regional output shrank by 1.9%, the impact of the crisis was limited by the application of countercyclical fiscal and monetary policies by many of the region’s governments. The recovery in the economies, particularly in South America, has gone hand-in-hand with the rapid resurgence of the emerging economies of Asia, with all the favourable consequences this has had for global trade. A similar pattern may be observed regarding the impact of the crisis on labour markets in Latin America and the Caribbean. Although millions of people lost their jobs or had to trade down to lower-quality work, levels of employment (including formal employment) fell by less than originally foreseen. At the same time, real wages rose slightly in a context of falling inflation. The labour market thus stabilized domestic demand, and this contributed to the recovery that began in many countries in late 2009. Improved international trade and financing conditions, and the pick-up in domestic demand driven by macroeconomic policies, have led different commentators to estimate growth in the region’s economy at some 6% in 2010. As detailed in the first part of this edition of the Bulletin, the upturn has been manifested at the regional level by the creation of formal employment, a rise in the employment rate, a decline in joblessness and a moderate increase in real wages. Specifically, it is estimatedthat the regional unemployment rate will have dropped by 0.6 percentage points, from 8.1% in 2009 to 7.5% in 2010. The performance of different countries and subregions has been very uneven, however. On the one hand, there is Brazil, where high economic growth has been accompanied by vigorous creation of formal jobs and the unemployment rate has dropped to levels not seen in a long time. Other countries in South America have benefited from strong demand for natural resources from the Asian countries. Combined with higher domestic demand, this has raised their economic growth rates and had a positive impact on employment indicators. On the other hand, the recovery is still very weak in certain countries and subregions, particularly in the Caribbean, with employment indicators continuing to worsen.Thus, the recovery in the region’s economy in 2010 may be characterized as dynamic but uneven. Growth estimates for 2011 are less favourable. The risks associated with the imbalances in the world economy and the withdrawal of countercyclical fiscal packages are likely to cause the region to grow more slowly in 2011. Accordingly, a small further reduction of between 0.2 and 0.4 percentage points in the unemployment rate is projected for 2011. However, these indicators of recovery do not guarantee growth with decent work in the long term. To bolster the improvement in labour market indicators and generate more productive employment and decent work, the region’s countries need to strengthen their macroeconomic policies, improve regional and global policy coordination, identify and remove bottlenecks in the labour market itself and enhance instruments designed to promote greater equality. Like the rest of the world, the Latin American and Caribbean region is also confronted with the challenge of transforming the way it produces so that its economies can develop along tracks that are sustainable in the long term. Climate change and the consequent challenge of developing and strengthening low-carbon production and consumption patterns will also affect the way people work. A great challenge ahead is to create green jobs that combine decent work with environmentally sustainable production patterns. From this perspective, the second part of this Bulletin discusses the green jobs approach, offering some information on the challenges and opportunities involved in moving towards a sustainable economy in the region and presenting a set of options for addressing environmental issues and the repercussions of climate change in the world of work. Although the debate about the green jobs concept is fairly new in the region, examples already exist and a number of countries have moved ahead with the application of policies and programmes in this area. Costa Rica has formulated a National Climate Change Strategy, for example, whose foremost achievements include professional training in natural-resource management. In Brazil, fuel production from biomass has increased and social housing with solar panelling is being built. A number of other countries in the region are making progress in areas such as ecotourism, sustainable agriculture and infrastructure for climate change adaptation, and in formalizing the work of people who recycle household waste. The shift towards a more environmentally sustainable economy may cause jobs to be destroyed in some economic sectors and created in others. The working world will inevitably undergo major changes. If the issue is approached by way of social dialogue and appropriate public policies, there is a chance to use this shift to create more decent jobs, thereby contributing to growth in the economy, the construction of higher levels of equality and protection for the environment.

Tutela penal e teoria crítica de direitos humanos: uma intersecção crítico-dialética marginal

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

A infância pelo olhar das crianças do MST: ser criança, culturas infantis e educação

As pesquisas sobre infância no Brasil têm apontado na direção de uma nova forma de olhar a infância, trazendo a criança como um ator legítimo da pesquisa e não apenas um objeto de investigação. Ao viverem em um contexto de um movimento social como o MST, as crianças têm na sua vida as marcas da luta pela terra e reforma agrária, que influenciam seus modos de ser. Olhar para a criança do MST é vê-la como um ser que participa da organicidade do MST. Portanto, as crianças criam seus espaços de organização e mobilização. Neste sentido, questiono: Quais os sentidos e significados de infância nas falas das crianças do assentamento mártires de abril do MST? A pesquisa foi realizada no assentamento Mártires de Abril do MST, localizado em Mosqueiro, um distrito da cidade de Belém. Para recolher os dados da pesquisa, utilizei oficinas e entrevistas em grupo com as crianças do assentamento. Das oficinas participaram ao todo 23 crianças, estas oficinas tinham como objetivo me aproximar das crianças e criar um clima de confiança para as entrevistas. Nas entrevistas participaram 13 crianças com idade entre 06 e 11 anos, denominadas pelo coletivo do movimento como Sem Terrinhas. A entrevista foi dividida em quatro sessões. As falas das entrevistas foram transcritas e organizadas em sete categorias temáticas. Como referencial de análise me apoio na noção de sentido e significado que se expressam por meio da linguagem e estão relacionados à formação do eu numa perspectiva sócio-histórica, fundamentado em Bakhtin. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para os diversos olhares que as Crianças do Assentamento Mártires de Abril têm sobre a infância: elas vêem a infância como o tempo do brincar e que ser criança no MST é vivenciar uma experiência lúdica de participação em um movimento que luta pelos direitos dos excluídos. Ao falarem de seus espaços estruturais as crianças do assentamento nos dizem em relação ao espaço doméstico que a relação com os adultos de sua família se constrói com muito cuidado, mas também com a contradição do autoritarismo; em relação ao espaço da produção que o trabalho assume outra dimensão no espaço do assentamento, sendo um momento de aprendizagem e participação na vida da comunidade; e que em relação ao espaço da cidadania a escola está distante de ser um lugar onde o direito a brincar é respeitado. As culturas infantis são produzidas pelas crianças do assentamento nas suas relações de pares através das brincadeiras, onde se ressalta que o espaço é importante para o enriquecimento dessa cultura lúdica, seja nas praias, nos igarapés e nas árvores. As crianças do assentamento nos dizem ainda que a Televisão influencia suas vidas, seus horários e seu modo de ser a agir. Finalizo o texto apontando característica que fazem da brincadeira o meio através do qual as crianças podem agir sobre o mundo e exercer efetivamente o seu direito a participação.

Immunohistochemistry of the uterine cervix of rats bearing the Walker 256 tumor treated with copaiba balsam

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To investigate the immunohistochemistry of the uterine cervix of 20 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) bearing the Walker 256 tumor, treated with copaiba oil (Copaifera officinalis). METHODS: The animals were grouped into four subgroups, with five rats each: the GCT and GCopT received distilled water and topically copaiba, respectively, while the GCG and GCopG received distilled water and copaiba by gavage, respectively. The substances were administered for nine days. On the 12th day, after euthanasia, the tumor pieces were sent to the identification of T CD4+, T CD8+ and Natural Killer cells. RESULTS: It was found that the pattern of expression for specific markers of phenotypes of cells involved in tumor immune response was similar in all groups, regardless the administration way of copaiba oil (topical or gavage). CONCLUSION: Copaiba balsam, administered either topically or by gavage, did not alter the pattern of tumor immune response in rats bearing Walker 256 Tumor.

Som e vida após a lata: construção de instrumentos musicais com material alternativo

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Archives information publishing new design in post-custodial regime: the national archives experience digital vaults

The uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Web environments for creation, treatment and availability of information have supported the emergence of new social-cultural patterns represented by convergences in textual, image and audio languages. This paper describes and analyzes the National Archives Experience Digital Vaults as a digital publishing web environment and as a cultural heritage. It is a complex system - synthesizer of information design options at information setting, provides new aesthetic aspects, but specially enlarges the cognition of the subjects who interact with the environment. It also enlarges the institutional spaces that guard the collective memory beyond its role of keeping the physical patrimony collected there. Digital Vaults lies as a mix of guide and interactive catalogue to be dealt in a ludic way. The publishing design of the information held on the Archives is meant to facilitate access to knowledge. The documents are organized in a dynamic and not chronological way. They are not divided in fonds or distinct categories, but in controlled interaction of documents previously indexed and linked by the software. The software creates information design and view of documental content that can be considered a new paradigm in Information Science and are part of post-custodial regime, independent from physical spaces and institutions. Information professionals must be prepared to understand and work with the paradigmatic changes described and represented by the new hybrid digital environments; hence the importance of this paper. Cyberspace interactivity between user and the content provided by the environment design provide cooperation, collaboration and sharing knowledge actions, all features of networks, transforming culture globally.

O que acontece durante o recreio em duas escolas da cidade de Jaú com crianças do 2º e 3º ano do ensino fundamental

This work had how I aim to notice what it happens in the recreation of two schools of basic teaching I, more precisely with children of the 2nd and 3rd year, analysing what they do and since they play. The interest in observing this moment is the fact of, at present, the children they have not many places to play, principally due to the violence and gradually places with structure for the same thing; the streets are already not any more places where the child can play the friends calmly, interact with other, his turn discovers the world and principally to enjoy itself. With these facts the school becomes the most appropriate place so that the child can play and interact with other children and at the same time to be protected leaving so the most carefree parents. The school becomes the great back yard in the life of the child, when several activities are happening there more and in this way developing not only the communication, the spirit of collaboration and of companionship, the co-ordination motora in general and the autonomy. Therefore the recreation makes an important time into the school life, moment in which the child can practise the universal right that is secured of playing

Osmotic dehydration of mango with ascorbic acid impregnation: influence of process variables

The present study investigated the osmotic dehydration (OD) of mangoes cv.Palmer, dehydrated in a sucrose solution with added ascorbic acid (AA), aiming toevaluate the influence of the process variables (sucrose concentration, AA concen-tration and time) on vitamin C, water, sugars and total phenolic compound (TPC)contents by way of an analysis of the effects and the variance of the factors. Thesucrose concentration did not affect the vitamin C content, but the AA concentra-tion in the solution and the process time exerted a positive influence on thisresponse. The addition of AA also presented a significant positive effect on theTPC contents because this vitamin interferes with the quantification of the TPC.On discounting the interferences, no losses of phenolic compounds were found.Impregnation with vitamin C during OD was shown to be effective in obtainingminimally processed mangoes with high nutritional value.

Memória, infância e brincar em escritos de Walter Benjamin: cultura lúdica e processos de formação e prática docente

This text aims to present some ideas of the philosopher Walter Benjamin, one of the most intriguing intellectuals of our time, trying to outline in his work the relationship that the author establishes between childhood playing and ludic culture, more precisely regarding the memory of playing, childhood, culture, history and memory in contemporary society after the twentieth century. Thus, in order to identify reinterpreted experiments, as places, forms of playing and types of toys made out of this paradigm, we were guided by the notes, essays, translations and articles in which Benjamin identified conceptions of childhood and ludic culture. Benjamin's view of childhood is not childish, simplistic or reductive. His works allow us to discuss and justify the need for a more detailed analysis on the phenomenon of development and teaching practice within the everyday schoolchildren. By revisiting the original ideas, and irreverent criticism of Benjamin, thinking education from his account, we hope to contribute with other studies in the field of education, by elucidating the process of development and teaching practice in relation to the ludic childhood culture, specifically regarding childhood and the places of childhood in the contemporary context.

The effect of CPP-ACP and Nd:YAG laser on the bond strength of softened dentin

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)