Evolucionismo linguístico: um paralelo entre evolucionismo biológico e mudança linguística

The comparison between linguistic change and biologic evolution is a subject that has caused and still causes much controversy among linguists and other academics that see, in this parallel, problems related to similar attempts in the nineteenth century by Social Darwinism, which approached the biological evolution with social and cultural development of a people. However, this paper aims to show that today this parallel is not built in the same way as was done before. Names like William Labov, Salikoko Mufwene, Jonathan West and Hildo Honorio do Couto in linguistics; Charles Darwin in biology; and Tom Ingold and Clifford Geertz in anthropology, showed that areas of Humanities, such as linguistics and anthropology, and of Biological Sciences, as phylogeny and genetics, are likely to be worked together by the great similarities between processes that compose them. Thus, based on the writings of these authors and some others, this paper presents this theme’s controversy; it shows the similarities between characteristics of languages and species; it seeks through the concepts MA Mental, MA Social and MA Natural of the languages (coined by Couto on Linguística, ecologia e ecolinguística: contato de línguas) to develop ideas of how it is possible to think the language change in the light of Darwin's concept, Natural Selection; and finally, it shows that the parallel theme is rather productive, based on the texts and discussions presented in the whole paper, and that the controversy has been being dissolved with more and more people working on the parallel between language and species

Efeitos do treinamento funcional sobre a composição corporal, aptidão funcional e perfil lipídico de mulheres na pós-menopausa

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Condição corporal e jejum sobre o metabolismo energético e crescimento de juvenis de pacu

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Relações entre força muscular e composição corporal e regional em idosos

Exercise, in general have the ability to promote health, reduce loss of physical fitness, reduce declines in body composition and prevent disease, and promote improvements in athletic performance, and that's consensual today. Through analysis of body composition and physical fitness, you can diagnose the possible individuals at risk of developing diseases, and fractures caused by falls in the elderly. The DXA tests were used (densitometry by dual beam X-ray) to assess body composition and regional, 1 RM test to evaluate the maximum strength and girth measurements, diameters and skin folds in order to analyze the balance of power muscle with both body composition as regional. The results showed that the variance in bone mass between older content related to the change in the maximum muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs, but the force values are not related to increased muscle mass. The development of muscle strength fulfills a dual function in aging which is to maintain or reduce the rate of loss of lean body mass, and also so the body bone health

Mudança política no Paraguai e as relações com o Brasil: o caso da renegociação do Tratado de Itaipu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação temporal e espacial do balanço de radiação, de energia e da evapotranspiraçâo no noroeste paulista, face a mudança no uso do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Corporalidade brasileira na fabricação da identidade nacional

This paper discusses how, through the creation of Embratur (Brazilian Tourism Company) in 1966, an idealized Brazilian female body was constructed and used to help manufacture a national identity, reinforcing the stereotype of the sexualized Brazilian woman. As it was often associated with sex tourism, this stereotype received much criticism and led to a negative image of Brazil abroad. However, in the 1990s the official tourism lobby softened the “sexy tone” of its discourse, and in 1999 Embratur received an award from the World Tourism Organization for its campaign to help fight the exploitation of children and youth by sexual tourism. In order to better understand how this change in the idealized Brazilian female body unfolded, it is important to deconstruct beauty standards – focusing on those that apply to Brazilian women as seen from abroad – and their relationship to modern consumer culture. Assuming that the cultural analysis of the female body emerges as an important issue in the field of Social Science, the focus on body image can be viewed as a key element in discussions about the construction of national identity.

A gênese do habitus e a construção da hexis corporal de bailarinos e jogadoras de futebol e suas implicações nos diferentes campos de atuação

This paper aims to show the beginning of habitus and the bodily hexis construction of male ballet dancer and female player soccer. Firstly, the habitus and the bodily hexis are established by the cultural inheritance of families (advices, likes, choices, prohibitions, and work divisions). After, they are restructured by the most diverse fields where this people act, mainly in the school, specifically at Physical Education classes (in the specialized places where these classes occur). Thus, it is possible to verify the success or the failure of their path lives and the possibility of a social ascent by the choice of these practices as professional career.

A interdependência da prática docente e a construção da héxis corporal de professores de Educação Física e suas consequências na unidade escolar

This article aims to show the interdependence between teaching practice and the construction of body hexis of Physical Education teachers and its consequences at schools. It can be observed by the social workers that teach it in a elementary school in the city of Araraquara- -SP. It was established, as basic assumption of this issue, that the social construction of body hexis of Physical Education teachers is a process in constant evolution, because it is the result of the life story with interventions from the social context in which the learner lives. The hexis is the dimension that allows the internalization of the consequences of social practices, and also its body exteriorization, through the way of speaking, gesturing, looking, walking, head posture, faces, ways of sitting, to handle instruments, more and more associated with the voice sound of social workers. Children are particularly attentive, in all societies, to these gestures and postures in which they express themselves in their eyes, anything that features an adult. Finally, it understands the importance of the body hexis in the learning process specifically in school physical education. This practice will incite important behavioral changes in their residence within the school and possibly in a higher education.

Mudança social e cultural no Brasil nos últimos 50 anos: cenário e perspectivas para a melhoria do ensino público

Thinking about improving public education in Brazil means thinking not just what we wish to develop competencies and skills in individuals, but understands clearly identify the type of citizens who are training and what kind of society we want for the future. So if there are social and cultural changes they should have their comtraponto within the classroom considering education steeped in culture and therefore in the forms of modern communication. The challenge for school education is to show the students inside the classroom, as will be outside.

A norma-padrão Europeia e a mudança linguística na Escola Moçambicana

In Mozambique, the portuguese language is considered the official language, second language, national language and competes with more than twenty Bantu languages spoken by the majority of population. The standard norm lose away their floor to the Mozambican Portuguese which carries own characteristics pertaining to the sociolinguistic context of the country. Schools attempt their best, but they cannot teach the European standard due the multilingual and Portuguese contact with African languages, a fact that is reflected in the media and in the literature through their oral and written forms. These difficulties result in high rates of failures due to problems encountered in using the European standard by teachers and writers who prepare the school books. This research suggests the standardization of the Mozambican variant as well as the preparation of dictionaries and grammars illustrating the sociolinguistic reality of Mozambique in order to improve the quality of education. It also emphasizes the need for a self-esteem spirit on Mozambicans in general as a conduit to eliminate the soaring bias that Mozambicans can not speak portuguese language

Variação e mudança linguística: panorama e perspectivas da sociolinguística variacionista no Brasil

Since the 1970s many research groups have emerged in Brazil in the area of Sociolinguistics, seeking to investigate language in relation to social factors that distinguish different speech communities to deconstruct the idea of linguistic homogeneity. Many of the works have been based on variationist sociolinguistics (LABOV, 2008 [1972]), for which variation and change are inherent to languages, i.e., heterogeneous structures are part of the speakers’ linguistic competence, as a cultural phenomenon motivated by linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Our aim, in this article, is to address the paths of Sociolinguistics since its beginning as a science, focusing mainly on the variationist strand, by recalling its key-concepts and methodology, and to present an overview of the research works conducted in Brazil in this field nowadays.

Contribuições teóricas e metodológicas para a constituição de corpora em pesquisa de variação/mudança linguística

This papers deals with theoretical and methodological problems concerning the definition of criteria for the selection of sources for the study of language. Our work discussed the use and the importance of genre in the process of corpora construction as variation search – synchronic and diachronic.

Variação e mudança lexical no português brasileiro do século XX: um estudo descritivo-comparativo

In this article, we analyze only the processes of lexical expansion related to the reuse and recontextualization of words. We selected 50 names of animals in Brazilian Portuguese (PB). These words were found in two dictionaries and only the definitions connoting human actions and attributes were used. Through this study linguistic principles that are practically consensual were confirmed. We highlight the polissemic phenomenon as one of the factors that most contribute to the economy of the linguistic system.

Parlamento do Mercosul: mudança ou continuidade?

The parliamentary representation in the Southern Cone integration is the main issue in this article, which analyzes some implications of the institutionalization of Mercosur Parliament (Parlasur). Consolidation and deepening of the integration process are related to the very weakness of congressional action under the Joint Parliamentary Committee and even the Parlasur. The hypothesis is that the creation of the Mercosur Parliament could contribute to the integration process only insofar as it could overcome the limitations experienced by the Joint Parliamentary Commission and go forward in building a democratic and representative body of regional integration.