The bibliography of Ruskin : a bibliographical list arranged in chronological order of the published writings in prose & verse of John Ruskin M.A.from 1838 to the present time (October 1878).

Mode of access: Internet.

The bibliography of Ruskin; a bibliographical list, arranged in chronological order, of the published writings in prose and verse, of John Ruskin, M. A., from 1834 to the present time (October 1878)

Includes "Letter from Mr. Ruskin" to the compiler (2 p.)

Global electrification:multinational enterprise and international finance in the history of light and power, 1878-2007

William J. Hausman, Peter Hertner, and Mira Wilkins. Global Electrification: Multinational Enterprise and International Finance in the History of Light and Power, 1878–2007. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. xxiv + 487 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-88035-0, $80 (hardcover).

Rich and poor, white and black, free and slave: The social history of Cuba's tobacco farmers, 1763--1817

Tobacco was of primary importance to Spain, and its impact on Cuba's economy and society was greater than just the numbers of farms, workers, or production, demonstrated by the Spanish crown's outlay of monies for capital assets, bureaucrats' salaries, and payments to farmers for their crop. This study is a micro- and macro-level study of rural life in colonial Cuba and the interconnected relationships among society, agricultural production, state control, and the island's economic development. ^ By placing Cuba's tobacco farmers at the forefront of this social history, this work revisits and offers alternatives to two prevailing historiographical views of rural Cuba from 1763 (the year Havana returned to Spanish control following the Seven Years' War) to 1817 (the final year of the 100-year royal monopoly on Cuban tobacco). Firstly, it argues against the primacy of sugar over other agricultural crops, a view that has shaped decades of scholarship, and challenges the thesis which maintains the Cuban tobacco farmer was almost exclusively poor, white, and employed free labor, rather than slaves, in the production of their crop. ^ This study establishes the importance of tobacco as an agricultural product, and argues that Cuban tobacco growers were a heterogeneous group, revealing the role that its cultivation may have played in helping some slaves earn their freedom. ^

Ice observations in the Southern Ocean between 1878 and 1928

During the period in question, large ice drifts transported incalculable numbers of icebergs, ice fields and ice floes from the Antarctica into the South Atlantic, confronting long-journeying sailing ships on the Cape Horn route with considerable danger. As is still the case today, the ice drifts generally tended in a northeasterly direction. Thus it can be assumed that the ice masses occuring near Cape Horn and in the South Atlantic originated in Graham Land and the South Shetland Islands, while those found in the Pacific will have come from Victoria Land. The masses drifting to Cape Horn, Isla de los Estados, the Falkland Islands and occasionally as far as the Tristan da Cunha Group are transported by the West Wind Drift and Falkland Current, diverted by the Brazil Current. The Bouvet and Agulhas Currents have little influence here. The great ice masses repeatedly reached points beyond the "outermost drift ice boundery" calculated in the course of the years, to continue on in the direction of the equator. The number of sailing ships which fell victim to the ice drifts while rounding Cape Horn can only be surmised; they simply disappeared without a trace in the expanses of the South Atlantic. Until the end of the 1900s the dangers presented by ice were less serious for westward-bound ships than for the "homeward-bounders" travelling from West to East. Following the turn of the century, however, the risk for "onwardbounders" increased significantly. Whether the ice drifts actually grew in might or whether the more frequent and more detailed reports led to this impression, could never be ascertained by the German Hydrographie Office. In the forty-one years between 1868 and 1908, ten light, ten medium and nine heavy ice years were counted, and only twelve years in which no reports of ice were submitted to the German Hydrographie Office. "One of the most terrible dangers threatening ships on their return from the Pacific Ocean," the pilot book for the Atlantic Ocean warns, "is the encounter with ice, to be expected south of the 50th parallel (approx.) in the Pacific and south of the 40th parallel (approx.) in the South Atlantic." Following the ice drift of 1854-55, thought to be the first ever recorded, the increasing numbers of sailing ships rounding Cape Horn were frequently confronted with drifts of varying sizes or with single icebergs. Then from 1892-94, a colossal ice drift crossed the path of the sailships in three stages. Several sailing ships collided with the icebergs and could be counted lucky if they survived with heavy damage to the bow and the fo regear. The reports on those which vanished for ever in the ice masses are hardly of investigative value. The English suffered particularly badly in the ice-plagued waters; their captains apparently sailed courses that led more freqently through drifts than did the sailing instructions of the German Hydrographic Office. Thus, among others, Capt. Jarvis' DUNTRUNE, also the STANMORE, ARTHURSTONE and LORD RANOCH as well as the French GALATHEE and CASHMERE all collided with icebergs. The crew of the AETHELBERTH panicked after a collision and took to their lifeboats. It was only after the ship detached itself from the iceberg it had rammed that the men returned to it and continued their journey. The TEMPLEMORE, on the other hand, had to be abandoned for good. Of the German sailing ships, the FLOTOW is to be mentioned here, and in the third phase of the drift the American SAN JOAQUIN lost a large proportion of its rigging. In the 20th century ice drifts continued to cross the courses of the Cape Horn ships. 1906 and 1908 were recorded as particularly heavy ice years. In 1908-09 both the FALKLANDBANK and the TOXTETH fell prey to ice, or so it was assumed during the subsequent Maritime Board proceedings. For the most part the German sailing ships were spared greater damages by sea. Their captains sent detailed ice reports to the German Hydrographic Office, which gratefully welcomed the information and partially incorporated it in the third and final edition of the "Pilot Book for the Atlantic Ocean." From the end of 1926 until the beginning of 1928, the last of the large sailing ships were once again confronted with "tremendous masses of icebergs and ice drifts." Reports of this period originated above all on the P-Liners PADUA, PAMIR, PASSAT, PEKING, PINNAS, PRIWALL and the ships of Gustav Erikson's fleet. The fate of the training sailship ADMIRAL KARPFANGER in connection with the ice in early 1938 was never clearly determined by the Maritime Board proceedings. Collision with an iceberg, however, is thought to be the most likely cause of accident. Today freight sailing ships no longer cross the oceans. The Cape Horn route is relatively insignificant for engine-powered ships and icebergs can be spotted in plenty of time by modern navigation technology ... The large ice drifts are no longer a menace, but only a marginal note in the final chapter of the history of transoceanic sailing.

The Formation of a Liberal Thinker: Georg Jellinek and his Early Writings (1872 – 1878)

Georg Jellinek is known as one of the most prominent representative of German legal positivism. This article aims at identifying and discussing the more theoretical- political connotation of Jellinek’s thought with a particular focus on his liberal inspiration. According to the perspective of the history of political thought, this article shows how some intellectual premises to Jellinek’s liberalism take shape and emerge from a series of young Jellinek’s writings on history of philosophy and history of ideas.

Commentary on the Royal Commission's Report on Copyright (1878)

The first major governmental review of the national, colonial, and international copyright regime. The commentary explores the background to the Royal Commission and in particular the efforts of the Association for the Protection of the Rights of Authors in lobbying for law reform. The commentary also explores the extent to which debates about free trade and monopoly commended the attention of the Commissioners and provided a challenge to the dominant conception of copyright - that is, copyright as a property right. The Report affirmed that copyright should continue to be regarded as a property right, and acknowledged the need for reform and consolidating legislation. Beyond that, however, the Commissioners were in considerable disagreement as to copyright's purpose and proper scope, with few of the Report's major recommendations receiving the unanimous support of the same.

Bagdadbahn : géopolitique en mutation et renseignement militaire russe au Moyen-Orient (1878-1914)

Ce mémoire vise à démontrer, à travers l’analyse des sources du renseignement militaire russe, que vers la fin du XIXᵉ siècle, la construction du chemin de fer de Bagdad par les Allemands conduit à la reconfiguration du Grand Jeu. L’intervalle historique qui s’étend de 1878 à 1914 représente la période de l’avènement de l’Allemagne en tant que nouvel acteur de la rivalité qui opposait jusqu’ici les Russes et les Britanniques en Asie centrale. L’immixtion allemande en Asie Mineure amène à l’internationalisation de la scène moyen-orientale par la construction de la voie ferrée qui, devant relier le Bosphore au golfe Persique, menaçait directement la domination britannique sur la route des Indes et modifiait la conception antérieure du Grand Jeu. En analysant quelques centaines de pages de documents provenant des sources du renseignement militaire russe, à savoir des dépêches, des comptes rendus et des rapports des agents militaires (voennye agenty) ainsi que des notices des représentants diplomatiques russes au Moyen-Orient, nous avons discerné les positions prises par les grandes puissances dans l’entreprise de Bagdad, tout en mettant de l’avant le conflit d’intérêts qui accompagnait l’établissement du tracé du futur chemin de fer. En menaçant la sécurité de l’Inde britannique d’un côté, et en contribuant au renforcement de l’armée turque à la frontière caucasienne de l’autre, le projet allemand de la Bagdadbahn fait avancer la Marche vers l’Est en inaugurant la Weltpolitik germanique.

Das Bistum Regensburg. Die Regensburger Bischöfe von 1649 bis 1817

Karl Hausberger schildert das Leben und Wirken von dreizehn Regensburger Bischöfen, die zwischen 1649 und 1817 amtierten. Ihr schmales weltliches Herrschaftsgebiet stand im Missverhältnis zum ausgedehnten geistlichen Jurisdiktionsbezirk, der sich über weite Teile Altbayerns und der Oberpfalz erstreckte. Dabei weist die Bischofsliste des Untersuchungszeitraums zwei Besonderheiten auf: Zum einen befand sich das Fürstbistum fast ein volles Jahrhundert lang (1668-1763) ununterbrochen in den Händen nachgeborener Prinzen aus dem bayerischen Herrscherhaus, von denen keiner vor Ort residierte, so dass unter ihnen das Weihbischofsamt eine deutliche Aufwertung erfuhr. Zum anderen endete in Regensburg die reichskirchliche Epoche nicht wie gemeinhin mit der Säkularisation von 1802/03, sondern 1817 mit dem Tod des Bischofs Karl Theodor von Dalberg, der zugleich Erzbischof, Kurfürst und Erzkanzler von Mainz war.

Diseño de un modelo de situación problema, con la unidad facilitadora solidaria llamada Belisol, para fortalecer el pensamiento numérico y variacional, en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Rural Benigno Mena González

Al analizar los resultados deficientes de las Pruebas Saber, del PTA ( Programa Todos a Aprender del MEN), y la participación en las Olimpiadas del Conocimiento, de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Rural Benigno Mena González del municipio de San Jerónimo, se consideró implementar un proyecto pedagógico, como plan de mejoramiento para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas, que sirviera como una iniciativa para fortalecer los pensamientos numérico y variacional en los estudiantes de secundaria de la Institución; se buscaba, con la implementación de esta propuesta, desarrollar habilidades en dominio, comprensión y solución de situaciones problemas cotidianas dentro del contexto escolar y desde la innovación de nuevas prácticas metodológicas en los procesos educativos. Desde esta perspectiva, nace el interrogante: ¿Cómo modelar una situación problema, teniendo como motivo la unidad facilitadora solidaria denominada Belisol, para fortalecer el pensamiento numérico y variacional, en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Rural Benigno Mena González del municipio de San Jerónimo?, para dar tránsito a una propuesta de investigación innovadora. Ahora bien, para intervenir y reflexionar sobre este interrogante, se propuso el método de Investigación Acción Participación (IAP), el cual se aplica a estudios que se interesan sobre realidades humanas y problemáticas cotidianas o sociales, que además, sean reales, de la acción, y de constante participación de los sujetos, entidades o comunidades involucradas; aquí cabe la posibilidad de un aprendizaje cooperativo, colectivo, y por supuesto, colaborativo donde se ha planteado como motivo de la situación problema planteada la unidad financiera llamada Belisol con el fin de exteriorizar los fundamentos de una acción formativa, orientada a la incursión en el ámbito de la educación matemática económica financiera, a través del ejercicio del ahorro escolar y el trueque, promoviendo de esta manera el espíritu solidario en la comunidad Benigniana.

Biografías de vicentinos ilustres : homenaje al Tercer Centenario de la fundación de la ciudad de San Vicente

Este documento ha sido preparado por la Academia Salvadoreña de la Historia, como un homenaje al Tercer Centenario de la Fundación de San Vicente tomando en consideración que es justo y patriótico dicho homenaje, ya que San Vicente, en el decurso de su historia ha dado lustre y prestigio a El Salvador. Entre los biografiados están: Ana Guerra de Jesús, Presbitero Dr. Dn. Manuel Antonio Molina y Cañas, Dr. Antonio José Cañas, Don Mariano Prado, Don José María Cornejo, General José Escolastico Marin, Don Miguel Santin del Castillo, Dr. Victoriano Rodríguez, General Indalecio Miranda, Dr. Dario González, General Inocente Marín, Dr. Manuel Miranda, Dr. Jacinto Castellanos, Dr. Daniel Miranda, General Carlos F. Molina, Dr. Antonio José Castro, Dr. Nicolas Aguilar, Dr. Esteban Castro, Dr. José Rosa Pacas, Dr. Francisco E. Galindo, Dr. Justo Aguilar, Dr. Dn. Manuel Herrera, Señorita Antonia Galindo, Canonigo Raimundo Lazo, Dr. Manuel Pacas

Tamaulipecos en el Colegio de San Juan Nepomuceno de Saltillo, 1878-1914

El presente artículo comenta acerca de los alumnos tamaulipecos que asistieron al Colegio de San Juan Nepomuceno de Saltillo en diversas épocas; explica el modelo educativo del plantel dirigido y atendido por los jesuitas mexicanos a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, e intenta dar algunas notas acerca de la religiosidad norestense, también aporta los nombres de algunos ex alumnos de la última época y concluye confesando la necesidad de ampliar y completar este trabajo de investigación.