Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo VII [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo VI [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo IV [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo V [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo III [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo II [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo I [1888]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1888.

A new redescription of Galeus atlanticus (Vaillant, 1888) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) based on field marks

The Atlantic sawtail catshark, Galeus atlanticus, has long been synonymous with the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus, until the validity of G. atlanticus was resurrected by Muñoz-Chapuli and Ortega (1985). Despite this resurrection, the two species are still often confused because of their close resemblance. Consequently, field characters are proposed to distinguish the two sibling species. In particular, the internal colour of the labial furrows is easily observable on fresh specimens and also on preserved ones in museum collections, since it is blackish in G. atlanticus as opposed to white in G. melastomus. The two Atlanto-Mediterranean species are also compared to the West-African species G. polli.

O género sonata em Portugal: subsídios para o estudo do repertório português para tecla de 1750 a 1807

O repertório português para instrumentos de tecla da segunda metade do século XVIII encontra-se disperso em bibliotecas e arquivos, em Portugal e no estrangeiro, essencialmente sob a forma de manuscrito. Neste repertório, a sonata emerge como um género musical de grande importância. De facto, as duas coleções de sonatas publicadas na época constituem as únicas obras para instrumentos de tecla impressas em Portugal durante todo esse século. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um inventário do repertório português composto para instrumentos de tecla durante o período acima descrito, focando a respectiva descrição formal e as características composicionais das sonatas em geral, e na produção de cada compositor português em particular, bem como as suas biografias e perfis. De forma a estudar a sonata portuguesa e o seu desenvolvimento no período compreendido entre 1750–1807, foi realizado um levantamento das obras portuguesas existentes para instrumentos de tecla deste período. Este levantamento foi acompanhado por pesquisas biográficas sobre cada compositor e por uma abordagem analítica baseada na Teoria da Sonata de James Hepokoski e Warren Darcy. A divisão deste período em dois subperíodos demonstra variações significativas na evolução da sonata portuguesa. O estudo deste repertório demonstra que a sonata é o género musical predominante e define o modelo da sonata portuguesa deste período, para além de caracterizar o desenvolvimento da sonata em Portugal em paralelo com o desenvolvimento deste género musical em Itália e Espanha; ABSTRACT: The Sonata Genre in Portugal: Contributions for the Study of the Portuguese Keyboard Repertory from 1750 to 1807 The extant Portuguese repertory of the second half of the eighteenth century for keyboard instruments is dispersed in libraries and archives, in Portugal and abroad, mainly in manuscript form. In that repertory, the sonata emerges as a genre of great importance. Indeed, the two collections of sonatas published at the time are the only works for keyboard instruments printed in Portugal throughout the entire century. The aim of the present work is to make an inventory of the Portuguese repertory written for keyboard instruments during the above-mentioned period, with a focus on its formal description and the compositional characteristics of the sonatas in general and in the production of each Portuguese composer in particular, in addition to the biographies and profiles of the latter. In order to study the Portuguese sonata and its development in the period comprised between 1750–1807, a survey of the existing Portuguese works for keyboard instruments from that period was done. This survey was followed by a research on the biography of each composer and an analytic approach based on the Sonata Theory by James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy. Dividing this period in two sub periods showed significant variations on the evolution of the Portuguese sonata. The study of this repertory shows that the sonata is the predominant musical genre within it and identifies the Portuguese sonata model of this period, besides characterizing the development of the sonata in Portugal in parallel with the development of the same genre in Italy and Spain.

Ideología y Derecho: El espíritu de la reforma jurídica costarricense (1882-1888)

Introducción La idea de esta vocación civil costarricense se vincula estrechamente con la afirmación de que Costa Rica, a diferencia del resto de los países de América, blandió el código  como única arma de combate. Para Hernán Peralta, Costa Rica constituyó la única nación hispanoamericana que se acogió al derecho desde el instante mismo de su emancipación política, y solo en ciertas ocasiones se ha producido fracturas, en todo  caso momentáneas, a esa regla de conducta

EL TERREMOTO DE FRAIJANES DEL 1888 Y EL SISTEMA DE FALLAS DE ALAJUELA, IMPLICACIONES DEL PELIGRO SISMICO POTENCIAL PARA EL VALLE CENTRAL OCCIDENTAL

El estudio geológico estructural y morfotectónico de la región de la región al norte de la ciudad de Alajuela, muestra una serie de fallas, estructuras volcánicas y alineamientos que pueden ser correlacionados con el terremoto de 1888, o bien, ser nuevas fuentes sísmicas, siendo la falla de Alajuela la alternativa más viable para el origen del terremoto y una depresión 1.5 km al este de Fraijanes, la probable área epicentral.  Los datos obtenidos de los informes y periódicos de la época permiten estimar el patrón de distribución de las isosistas del terremoto del  30 de diciembre de 1888 y calcular junto con otros datos microsísmicos y a partir de relaciones empíricas, los parámetros sísimicos (profundidad, epicentro, magnitud, intensidad, aceleración).  El terremoto de Fraijanes demostró hace casi un siglo ser muy destructivo, y hoy día con el aumento de población e infraestructura en la región, el grado de vulnerabilidad es mayor y por consiguiente aumento el riesgo sísmico.

LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A LA INESTABILIDAD DE LADERAS EN LA ZONA NORTE DE ALAJUELA Y EL TERREMOTO DE FRAIJANES DE 1888. EFECTOS Y PREVISIÓN

El terremoto de Fraijanes de 1888 (30 de diciembre), con una magnitud moderada (5.0  M 6.5)  generó una serie de deslizamientos que afectaron los caminos vecinales, viviendas, potreros, zonas de cultivo y aun las áreas de bosques, ríos y quebradas.  El deslizamiento más grande fue el que originó la Laguna de Fraijanes y para la cual proponemos su mecanismo de falla.   Examinando el relieve relativo, las características geológico-geomorfológicas, así como los deslizamientos identificables de la región, se ha obtenido un mapa de susceptibilidad a la inestabilidad de laderas.  Lo anterior permite delimitar zonas de diferente susceptibilidad, las cuales manifiestan diferente aptitud a la construcción de urbanizaciones, obras civiles, etc; así como la necesidad de realización de estudios geotécnicos para su correcto diseño.

Determination of stress-strain characteristics of railhead steel using image analysis

True stress-strain curve of railhead steel is required to investigate the behaviour of railhead under wheel loading through elasto-plastic Finite Element (FE) analysis. To reduce the rate of wear, the railhead material is hardened through annealing and quenching. The Australian standard rail sections are not fully hardened and hence suffer from non-uniform distribution of the material property; usage of average properties in the FE modelling can potentially induce error in the predicted plastic strains. Coupons obtained at varying depths of the railhead were, therefore, tested under axial tension and the strains were measured using strain gauges as well as an image analysis technique, known as the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The head hardened steel exhibit existence of three distinct zones of yield strength; the yield strength as the ratio of the average yield strength provided in the standard (σyr=780MPa) and the corresponding depth as the ratio of the head hardened zone along the axis of symmetry are as follows: (1.17 σyr, 20%), (1.06 σyr, 20%- 80%) and (0.71 σyr, > 80%). The stress-strain curves exhibit limited plastic zone with fracture occurring at strain less than 0.1.

Corporate social and environmental responsibility in relation to the agricultural sector and the food supply chain : a Case Study of Waitrose

Waitrose has a strong commitment to organic farming but also uses products from 'conventional' farms. At the production stage, Waitrose own-label products are fully traceable, GM-free and all suppliers undergo a detailed assessment programme based on current best practice. Crop suppliers to Waitrose operate an authenticity programme to certify that each assignment is GM-free and produce is screened for pesticide residues. Waitrose sources conventional crops grown from 'Integrated Crop Management Systems' (ICMS) using best horticultural practices. The 'Assured Product' scheme regulates all UK produce to ICMS standards and these audits are being extended worldwide. Business is withdrawn from suppliers who fail the audit. In relation to this, Waitrose has increased its Fairtrade range as in its view 'Buying these products provides direct additional benefit to workers in the developing countries where they are produced and assists marginal producers by giving them access to markets they would not otherwise have'. Currently, Waitrose is developing its own sustainable timber assessment criteria. For livestock, protocols are in place to ensure that animals are reared under the 'most natural conditions possible' and free range produce is offered where animals have access to open space although some produce is not from free-range animals. Waitrose also use a 'Hazards Analysis Critical Points' system to identify food safety hazards that occur at any stage from production to point of sale and to ensure that full measures are in place to control them. In addition, mechanisms have been implemented to reduce fuel use and hence reduce CO2 emissions in the transport of products and staff, and to increase the energy use efficiency of refrigeration systems which account for approximately 60% of Waitrose energy use.

Experimental evaluation of MCDTK, the Monte Carlo DICOM Tool-Kit

The Monte Carlo DICOM Tool-Kit (MCDTK) is a software suite designed for treatment plan dose verification, using the BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo codes. MCDTK converts DICOM-format treatment plan information into Monte Carlo input files and compares the results of Monte Carlo treatment simulations with conventional treatment planning dose calculations. In this study, a treatment is planned using a commercial treatment planning system, delivered to a pelvis phantom containing ten thermoluminescent dosimeters and simulated using BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc using inputs derived from MCDTK. The dosimetric accuracy of the Monte Carlo data is then evaluated via comparisons with the dose distribution obtained from the treatment planning system as well as the in-phantom point dose measurements. The simulated beam arrangement produced by MCDTK is found to be in geometric agreement with the planned treatment. An isodose display generated from the Monte Carlo data by MCDTK shows general agreement with the isodose display obtained from the treatment planning system, except for small regions around density heterogeneities in the phantom, where the pencil-beam dose calculation performed by the treatment planning systemis likely to be less accurate. All point dose measurements agree with the Monte Carlo data obtained using MCDTK, within confidence limits, and all except one of these point dose measurements show closer agreement with theMonte Carlo data than with the doses calculated by the treatment planning system. This study provides a simple demonstration of the geometric and dosimetric accuracy ofMonte Carlo simulations based on information from MCDTK.