Nutrição e produtividade da cultura do milho em sistemas de culturas e fontes de adubação

A utilização de esterco animal na agricultura, aliada ao cultivo de plantas de cobertura, pode conferir sustentabilidade ao sistema agrícola. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois sistemas de culturas e de três fontes de nutrientes, na cultura do milho, conduziu-se um experimento, em Latossolo Vermelho, no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e, os tratamentos, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, compostos por dois sistemas de culturas (sucessão trigo/milho e consórcio aveia+ervilhaca+nabo/milho) e três fontes de nutrientes (mineral, orgânica e organomineral). em junho de 2006, implantou-se a cultura do trigo e o consórcio de plantas de cobertura. em outubro de 2006, semeou-se milho sob os dois sistemas. As adubações orgânica e organomineral consistiram na aplicação de dejetos de suínos, unicamente, e combinada com fertilizante mineral, respectivamente. O consórcio de aveia preta, ervilhaca peluda e nabo forrageiro mostrou-se capaz de fornecer a quantidade adequada de biomassa, concretizando sua viabilidade para produção de cobertura vegetal ao solo, durante o inverno. O cultivo de milho em sucessão ao trigo proporcionou a maior absorção de N e K e a maior produtividade. A adubação mineral proporcionou maior absorção de N e maior produtividade de milho, em comparação com as adubações orgânica e organomineral com dejetos de suínos.

Efeitos de potenciais de água no solo, em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura da cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da influência de cargas verticais sobre diferentes rodas compactadoras no ciclo de semeadura do milho

Assim como outras culturas de origem tropical, o milho exige durante o seu ciclo vegetativo, calor e umidade para se desenvolver, e as condições de instalação da cultura podem definir uma boa ou má produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de cargas verticais sobre rodas compactadoras no ciclo da cultura do milho. Este trabalho foi conduzido nas Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba - FAZU, no município de Uberaba (MG), e instalado no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três modelos de rodas compactadoras e três cargas verticais com duas repetições, na Pista de Ensaios de Semeadura, constituída de canais de solo. Observou-se que o número de dias para emergência, altura de plantas, número de folhas e a produção não foram afetados significativamente para os tratamentos estudados.

Variação na estrutura da vegetação de duas cultivares de Panicum maximum jacq. (colonião e tabiatã) submetidas a diferentes tipos de manejo. Composição em proteína bruta e digestibilidade In vitro da matéria seca

This work was carried out at FCAV-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil, to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 50 kg N/ha/cut), three sucessive periods of growth (December 21st 1987, January 25th 1988 and February 29th 1988)) and three cutting ages (28, 35 and 42 days) on composition in crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility of two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. i.e., Coloniao and Tobiata. Plants were harvested in five vertical layers above soil level (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and over 80 cm). The samples were divided in: green leaves, green stems and dry material. Generally, values of in vitro dry matter digestibility and the levels of crude protein of both cultivars were greater in the higher layers of the vegetation, with a decrease, however, for the other layers and more advanced phases of plants development, mainly with no N fertilization.

Desempenho do irrigâmetro no manejo da água de irrigação na cultura do feijoeiro

In this work, the aim was to evaluate the performance of Irrigameter in the management of the irrigation water, led in the culture of the bean plant, comparatively to the use of the methods standard of stove, tensiometers, Bouyoucos, automatic meteorological station and pan Class A. Irrigameter was adjusted to the soil characteristics, culture of the bean and irrigation equipment to confection the management ruler. For direct estimation of the evapotranspiration of the culture of the bean plant in your development stadiums, Irrigameter operated inside with heights of the levels of water of the evaporatorio same to 2, 3 and 5 cm, corresponding to the stadiums of initial development, vegetative development and flowering, respectively. The humidity obtained by the standard method of stove it was adopted as reference in the comparisons of the irrigation depth. Irrigameter can be used in the management of the irrigation to determine the consumption of water directly for a culture, in any development stadium; the methods that estimate the evapotranspiration of the culture overestimated the irrigation depth recommended by the standard method of stove, happening behavior contrary with the ones that determines the current humidity of the soil.

Distribuição de poros e densidade de latossolos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo

Man cultivates the soil for centuries, but the intensive business and use of the soils under Cerrado vegetation for agricultural production grew out of the seventies. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical characteristics as a function of sampling time and the soil uses in a Cerrado area in Uberlandia City - MG, Brazil. The managements were adopted: degraded pasture (M-1), conventional tillage (M-2), minimum tillage (M-3), tillage absence (M-4), no-tillage (NT) for three years (M-5); NT for nine years (M-6), NT for three years after Pinus (M-7), PD for one year after Pinus (M-8) and Pinus forest (M-9) with 25 years old. The evaluations were conducted in 2002/03 growing season, in two areas. The soils were: area 1, an Oxisol (Red Latosol - LV-1, M-1 through M-5) and area 2, two Oxisols (Red Latosol and Red-Yellow Latosol - LVA and LV-2, M-6 through M-9). The physical attributes studied changed depending of the soil class, sampling time and management systems, with emphasis on the area 2 soils, which, in general, better preserved its main physical attributes. Managements with intense tillage, such as the M-2, are the most soil physically degrade, presenting mostly negative changes to soil bulk density, total porosity, microporosity and macroporosity. Since the systems which promote less tillage, in short term, to preserve desirable physical attributes. The M-9 system had the lowest attributes range, compared to the others.

Incorporação de mucuna-preta e de restos culturais de milho antes da cultura do feijão (Phaseolus vugaris L.) de inverno

The experiments were conducted during two years (1990/91 and 1992/93), to study the effects of the incorporation of bengal velvetbean and of residues on the development and yield of the winter bean crops. The trial was developed in experimental field at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, UNESP, located in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, in dark red latosol covered by savanna vegetation. It was concluded that: the incorporation of residues of corn or corn + bengal velvetbean or only bengal velvetbean had no effects on soil chemical characteristics, evaluated 80 days after the residues incorporation; in yield and bean crop development, no statistical differences were observed among treatments.

Resistência ao Cisalhamento de um Latossolo sob Diferentes uso e Manejo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Planilha eletrônica para auxilio à tomada de decisão em manejo de irrigação

The irrigation scheduling is basically the adoption of pre-established criteria to define the time and the amount of water to be applied through irrigation systems. Hence, the objective of this work was to develop and test a spreadsheet of easy comprehension, handling and interpretation by growers, which uses as inputs the physical-hydric soil attributes and tensiometer readings to the determination of irrigation depth and time. The spreadsheet enables the grower to make reading and to know in a fast way how much water to apply into the soil. The test of the spreadsheet was performed in an irrigated orchard of grapevines in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soil water retention curves and tensiometer readings from the effective rooting depth were used as a basis for obtaining the soil water matric potential, soil water content, water availability, soil water content to be replaced, net and gross irrigation depth and irrigation time. The analysis of the use of the irrigation scheduling spreadsheet resulted in a shorter time for irrigation in relation to the irrigation scheduling based only on the crop evapotranspiration. The spreadsheet can be helpful to growers adjust irrigation depth when irrigation scheduling is based only on crop evapotranspiration.

Consórcio de milho com Urochloa ruziziensis e os efeitos na cultura da soja em rotação

This work aimed to study the intercropping of corn and Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Common, regarding to vegetative growth and corn yield, capacity of production of forage dry matter, the infestation of weeds and the effect of this system of production in the soybean crop in rotation. Two forms of sowing (hand-sowing and on-line sowing) of U. ruziziensis, four amounts of seeds (200, 400, 600 e 800 points of cultural value, PCV = quantities of seeds x cultural value) and one treatment additional with the single corn were studied. The intercropping did not affect negatively the vegetative growth and corn yield when compared to the single corn. The sowing of 200 PCV of U. ruziziensis seeds, hand-sowed and on-line sowed to 22 days after of sowing of the corn was enough for the maintenance of adequate amount of straw on the soil. At the moment of the harvest of the corn, the dry matter of weed reduced with the increase of the amount of U. ruziziensis seeds and was bigger when the forager was hand-sowed. In the soybean crop in rotation, the density and dry matter of weed reduced linearly with the increase of the amount of U. ruziziensis seeds used in the first year of the research. The intercropping of corn and U. ruziziensis in the first year of the experiment benefited the plants population, plants height and yield of soybean when compared to the monoculture of corn in the same period.

Adubação nitrogenada e inoculação com rizóbio no feijoeiro em sucessão ao milho consorciado com braquiárias no sistema plantio direto

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicação de escória de aciaria e calcário no solo e desenvolvimento do primeiro ciclo da grama bermuda

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Métodos não convencionais para avaliação da porosidade e da densidade do solo de um latossolo vermelho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resposta do milho à adição de níveis de fitomassa de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e nitrogênio em latossolo vermelho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Gesso de minério associado a fontes de fósforo na cultura do milho em sistema plantio direto no Estado de Alagoas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)