The impact of location and type on the performance of Low-Voltage network connected Battery Energy Storage Systems

This paper assesses the impact of the location and configuration of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) on Low-Voltage (LV) feeders. BESS are now being deployed on LV networks by Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) as an alternative to conventional reinforcement (e.g. upgrading cables and transformers) in response to increased electricity demand from new technologies such as electric vehicles. By storing energy during periods of low demand and then releasing that energy at times of high demand, the peak demand of a given LV substation on the grid can be reduced therefore mitigating or at least delaying the need for replacement and upgrade. However, existing research into this application of BESS tends to evaluate the aggregated impact of such systems at the substation level and does not systematically consider the impact of the location and configuration of BESS on the voltage profiles, losses and utilisation within a given feeder. In this paper, four configurations of BESS are considered: single-phase, unlinked three-phase, linked three-phase without storage for phase-balancing only, and linked three-phase with storage. These four configurations are then assessed based on models of two real LV networks. In each case, the impact of the BESS is systematically evaluated at every node in the LV network using Matlab linked with OpenDSS. The location and configuration of a BESS is shown to be critical when seeking the best overall network impact or when considering specific impacts on voltage, losses, or utilisation separately. Furthermore, the paper also demonstrates that phase-balancing without energy storage can provide much of the gains on unbalanced networks compared to systems with energy storage.

QoS evaluation of bandwidth schedulersin IPTV networks offered SRD fluidvideo traffic: a simulation study

IPTV is now offered by several operators in Europe, US and Asia using broadcast video over private IP networks that are isolated from Internet. IPTV services rely ontransmission of live (real-time) video and/or stored video. Video on Demand (VoD)and Time-shifted TV are implemented by IP unicast and Broadcast TV (BTV) and Near video on demand are implemented by IP multicast. IPTV services require QoS guarantees and can tolerate no more than 10-6 packet loss probability, 200 ms delay, and 50 ms jitter. Low delay is essential for satisfactory trick mode performance(pause, resume,fast forward) for VoD, and fast channel change time for BTV. Internet Traffic Engineering (TE) is defined in RFC 3272 and involves both capacity management and traffic management. Capacity management includes capacityplanning, routing control, and resource management. Traffic management includes (1)nodal traffic control functions such as traffic conditioning, queue management, scheduling, and (2) other functions that regulate traffic flow through the network orthat arbitrate access to network resources. An IPTV network architecture includes multiple networks (core network, metronetwork, access network and home network) that connects devices (super head-end, video hub office, video serving office, home gateway, set-top box). Each IP router in the core and metro networks implements some queueing and packet scheduling mechanism at the output link controller. Popular schedulers in IP networks include Priority Queueing (PQ), Class-Based Weighted Fair Queueing (CBWFQ), and Low Latency Queueing (LLQ) which combines PQ and CBWFQ.The thesis analyzes several Packet Scheduling algorithms that can optimize the tradeoff between system capacity and end user performance for the traffic classes. Before in the simulator FIFO,PQ,GPS queueing methods were implemented inside. This thesis aims to implement the LLQ scheduler inside the simulator and to evaluate the performance of these packet schedulers. The simulator is provided by ErnstNordström and Simulator was built in Visual C++ 2008 environmentand tested and analyzed in MatLab 7.0 under windows VISTA.

PERFORMANCE EVOLUTION OF PEER TO PEER NETWORKS

This thesis work concerns about the Performance evolution of peer to peer networks, where we used different distribution technique’s of peer distribution like Weibull, Lognormal and Pareto distribution process. Then we used a network simulator to evaluate the performance of these three distribution techniques.During the last decade the Internet has expanded into a world-wide network connecting millions of hosts and users and providing services for everyone. Many emerging applications are bandwidth-intensive in their nature; the size of downloaded files including music and videos can be huge, from ten megabits to many gigabits. The efficient use of network resources is thus crucial for the survivability of the Internet. Traffic engineering (TE) covers a range of mechanisms for optimizing operational networks from the traffic perspective. The time scale in traffic engineering varies from the short-term network control to network planning over a longer time period.Here in this thesis work we considered the peer distribution technique in-order to minimise the peer arrival and service process with three different techniques, where we calculated the congestion parameters like blocking time for each peer before entering into the service process, waiting time for a peers while the other peer has been served in the service block and the delay time for each peer. Then calculated the average of each process and graphs have been plotted using Matlab to analyse the results

A GUI for online presentation of steel and steelmaking ladle temperature data and simulation.

Continuous casting is a casting process that produces steel slabs in a continuous manner with steel being poured at the top of the caster and a steel strand emerging from the mould below. Molten steel is transferred from the AOD converter to the caster using a ladle. The ladle is designed to be strong and insulated. Complete insulation is never achieved. Some of the heat is lost to the refractories by convection and conduction. Heat losses by radiation also occur. It is important to know the temperature of the melt during the process. For this reason, an online model was previously developed to simulate the steel and ladle wall temperatures during the ladle cycle. The model was developed as an ODE based model using grey box modeling technique. The model’s performance was acceptable and needed to be presented in a user friendly way. The aim of this thesis work was basically to design a GUI that presents steel and ladle wall temperatures calculated by the model and also allow the user to make adjustments to the model. This thesis work also discusses the sensitivity analysis of different parameters involved and their effects on different temperature estimations.

ANFIS BASED MODELS FOR ACCESSING QUALITY OF WIKIPEDIA ARTICLES

Wikipedia is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Due to the free nature of Wikipedia and allowing open access to everyone to edit articles the quality of articles may be affected. As all people don’t have equal level of knowledge and also different people have different opinions about a topic so there may be difference between the contributions made by different authors. To overcome this situation it is very important to classify the articles so that the articles of good quality can be separated from the poor quality articles and should be removed from the database. The aim of this study is to classify the articles of Wikipedia into two classes class 0 (poor quality) and class 1(good quality) using the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and data mining techniques. Two ANFIS are built using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox [1] available in Matlab. The first ANFIS is based on the rules obtained from J48 classifier in WEKA while the other one was built by using the expert’s knowledge. The data used for this research work contains 226 article’s records taken from the German version of Wikipedia. The dataset consists of 19 inputs and one output. The data was preprocessed to remove any similar attributes. The input variables are related to the editors, contributors, length of articles and the lifecycle of articles. In the end analysis of different methods implemented in this research is made to analyze the performance of each classification method used.

Energy Analysis within Industrial Hydraulics and Correspondent Solar PV System Design

Energy efficiency and renewable energy use are two main priorities leading to industrial sustainability nowadays according to European Steel Technology Platform (ESTP). Modernization efforts can be done by industries to improve energy consumptions of the production lines. These days, steel making industrial applications are energy and emission intensive. It was estimated that over the past years, energy consumption and corresponding CO2 generation has increased steadily reaching approximately 338.15 parts per million in august 2010 [1]. These kinds of facts and statistics have introduced a lot of room for improvement in energy efficiency for industrial applications through modernization and use of renewable energy sources such as solar Photovoltaic Systems (PV).The purpose of this thesis work is to make a preliminary design and simulation of the solar photovoltaic system which would attempt to cover the energy demand of the initial part of the pickling line hydraulic system at the SSAB steel plant. For this purpose, the energy consumptions of this hydraulic system would be studied and evaluated and a general analysis of the hydraulic and control components performance would be done which would yield a proper set of guidelines contributing towards future energy savings. The results of the energy efficiency analysis showed that the initial part of the pickling line hydraulic system worked with a low efficiency of 3.3%. Results of general analysis showed that hydraulic accumulators of 650 liter size should be used by the initial part pickling line system in combination with a one pump delivery of 100 l/min. Based on this, one PV system can deliver energy to an AC motor-pump set covering 17.6% of total energy and another PV system can supply a DC hydraulic pump substituting 26.7% of the demand. The first system used 290 m2 area of the roof and was sized as 40 kWp, the second used 109 m2 and was sized as 15.2 kWp. It was concluded that the reason for the low efficiency was the oversized design of the system. Incremental modernization efforts could help to improve the hydraulic system energy efficiency and make the design of the solar photovoltaic system realistically possible. Two types of PV systems where analyzed in the thesis work. A method was found calculating the load simulation sequence based on the energy efficiency studies to help in the PV system simulations. Hydraulic accumulators integrated into the pickling line worked as energy storage when being charged by the PV system as well.

Color Segmentation using LVQ-Learning Vector Quantization

This thesis aims to present a color segmentation approach for traffic sign recognition based on LVQ neural networks. The RGB images were converted into HSV color space, and segmented using LVQ depending on the hue and saturation values of each pixel in the HSV color space. LVQ neural network was used to segment red, blue and yellow colors on the road and traffic signs to detect and recognize them. LVQ was effectively applied to 536 sampled images taken from different countries in different conditions with 89% accuracy and the execution time of each image among 31 images was calculated in between 0.726sec to 0.844sec. The method was tested in different environmental conditions and LVQ showed its capacity to reasonably segment color despite remarkable illumination differences. The results showed high robustness.

DC Motor Speed Control via Fuzzy / Pole Placement / PI Controller

This report presents a new way of control engineering. Dc motor speed controlled by three controllers PID, pole placement and Fuzzy controller and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each controller for different conditions under loaded and unloaded scenarios using software Matlab. The brushless series wound Dc motor is very popular in industrial application and control systems because of the high torque density, high efficiency and small size. First suitable equations are developed for DC motor. PID controller is developed and tuned in order to get faster step response. The simulation results of PID controller provide very good results and the controller is further tuned in order to decrease its overshoot error which is common in PID controllers. Further it is purposed that in industrial environment these controllers are better than others controllers as PID controllers are easy to tuned and cheap. Pole placement controller is the best example of control engineering. An addition of integrator reduced the noise disturbances in pole placement controller and this makes it a good choice for industrial applications. The fuzzy controller is introduce with a DC chopper to make the DC motor speed control smooth and almost no steady state error is observed. Another advantage is achieved in fuzzy controller that the simulations of three different controllers are compared and concluded from the results that Fuzzy controller outperforms to PID controller in terms of steady state error and smooth step response. While Pole placement controller have no comparison in terms of controls because designer can change the step response according to nature of control systems, so this controller provide wide range of control over a system. Poles location change the step response in a sense that if poles are near to origin then step response of motor is fast. Finally a GUI of these three controllers are developed which allow the user to select any controller and change its parameters according to the situation.

Thermal losses in sealed, gas-filled flat plate solar collectors

A sealed space between absorber and cover glass makes it possible reducing the influence of humidity condensate and dust at the same time as the enclosed space can be filled with a suitable gas for lowering the losses. This paper is about the size of the losses in these collectors. A calculating model of a gas-filled flat plate solar collector was built in Matlab with standard heat transfer formulas. It showed that the total loss can be reduced up to 20% when changing to an inert gas. It is also possible using a much shorter distance and still achieve low losses at the same time as the mechanical stresses in the material is reduce.

Development Of Water Pollution Early Warning System For Oyster Harvesting Areas

The objective of this study is to develop a Pollution Early Warning System (PEWS) for efficient management of water quality in oyster harvesting areas. To that end, this paper presents a web-enabled, user-friendly PEWS for managing water quality in oyster harvesting areas along Louisiana Gulf Coast, USA. The PEWS consists of (1) an Integrated Space-Ground Sensing System (ISGSS) gathering data for environmental factors influencing water quality, (2) an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for predicting the level of fecal coliform bacteria, and (3) a web-enabled, user-friendly Geographic Information System (GIS) platform for issuing water pollution advisories and managing oyster harvesting waters. The ISGSS (data acquisition system) collects near real-time environmental data from various sources, including NASA MODIS Terra and Aqua satellites and in-situ sensing stations managed by the USGS and the NOAA. The ANN model is developed using the ANN program in MATLAB Toolbox. The ANN model involves a total of 6 independent environmental variables, including rainfall, tide, wind, salinity, temperature, and weather type along with 8 different combinations of the independent variables. The ANN model is constructed and tested using environmental and bacteriological data collected monthly from 2001 – 2011 by Louisiana Molluscan Shellfish Program at seven oyster harvesting areas in Louisiana Coast, USA. The ANN model is capable of explaining about 76% of variation in fecal coliform levels for model training data and 44% for independent data. The web-based GIS platform is developed using ArcView GIS and ArcIMS. The web-based GIS system can be employed for mapping fecal coliform levels, predicted by the ANN model, and potential risks of norovirus outbreaks in oyster harvesting waters. The PEWS is able to inform decision-makers of potential risks of fecal pollution and virus outbreak on a daily basis, greatly reducing the risk of contaminated oysters to human health.

Análise dinâmica de rotores de grupos turbo e hidrogeradores com o método das matrizes de transferência

Conhecer o comportamento vibratório de rotores de máquinas rotativas, já durante a fase de projeto, é uma necessidade cada vez maior nos dias atuais, quando modificações corretivas, após o início da operação, já não são mais aceitáveis, devido aos altos custos de material e execução empregados, se comparados com os lucros que são cada vez mais reduzidos, em função das regras impostas pelo mercado, e devido também ao tempo necessário para tais modificações, que implica em manter a máquina parada, sem gerar lucros nesse penodo, acarretando em mu1tas contratuais para o fabricante. o presente trabalho visa dar subsídiosà análise dinâmicadas linhas de eixos de turbo e hidrogeradores (conjuntos formados pela turbina mais o gerador, usados respectivamentenas centraistermelétricase hidrelétricas). Inicialmente é feita uma breve explanação sobre formas construtivas de hidrogeradores e tipos de turbinas hidráu1icas utilizados atualmente. O trabalho prossegue apresentando as propriedades dos mancais com filme de óleo, os fenômenos do empuxo magnético no rotor do gerador e do efeito giroscópico, bem como a norma ISO 1940, que define os níveis admissíveis de desbalanceamentos residuais para rotores de máquinas É apresentada uma formulação matemática pelo Método das Matrizes de Transferência para as análises das vibrações livres, bem como das vibrações forçadas com carregamentos cíclicos devido aos desbalanceamentos residuais das linhas de eixos. A análise das vibrações livres é feita para a obtenção das fteqüências naturais torcionais e das fteqüências tlexionais críticas em um plano. A análise das vibrações forçadas é elaborada para fornecer as respostas dinâmicas em dois planos ortogonais, devido ao desbalanceamento residual. Para aplicação da metodologia de cálculo apresentada, são elaboradas rotinas computacionais de cálculos, utilizando como plataforma o software MATLAB. Para testar o Método das Matrizes de Transferência, bem como os programas de computador elaborados, faz-se algumas análises com soluções analíticas exatas e comparam-se resultados obtidos. Como aplicação prática, faz-se um estudo aprofundado dos comportamentos dinâmicos algumas linhas de eixos de hidrogeradores, para variações de configurações de construção dessas, bem como para as diversas condições de operação.

Análise da interação solo-estrutura em fundações de concreto armado pelo método dos elementos finitos

A análise da iteração solo-estrutura em fundações é um importante campo de pesquisa que ainda tem um grande progresso a ser feito. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um programa computacional para a análise da interação solo-estrutura de fundações de concreto armado. Este tema abrange duas áreas da engenharia civil: estruturas e geotecnia. O método dos elementos finitos foi usado no trabalho na seqüência para resolver o problema considerando estado plano de defonnação e comportamento elastoplásti.co dos materiais estudados (solo, concreto e aço). A linguagem de programação MATLAB foi usada em toda esta pesquisa como alternativa ao FORTRAN. O MATLAB foi escolhido uma vez que é uma linguagem de programação que permite facilmente construir uma interfàce de pré e pósprocessamento amigável. Os passos para a solução completa do problema foram os seguintes: Primeiramente um programa foi desenvolvido considerando o comportamento elastoplástico com critérios de plastificação e ruptura específicos para o concreto e solo. Soluções analíticas fechadas foram usadas para checar a precisão do programa. O segundo passo foi a introdução do reforço de aço no concreto por meio de um modelo para armaduras. Logo após, um modelo de fissuras para o concreto 1racionado foi in1roduzido no programa. Na seqüência o programa de pré e pós-processamento foi desenvolvido para gerar a malha de elementos finitos (pré-processamento), distribuição tensões e deformações, mapa de fissuras, etc (pósprocessamento). Finalmente, os parâme1ros constitutivos do solo, concreto e aço foram calibrados e várias situações reais de interação do solo-concreto de fundações de concreto armado foram simuladas. Nesta dissertação são encontrados resultados para as pressões de contato sapata-solo. Diferentes diagramas de tensões de interfàce foram obtidos em função rigidez relativa do elemento estrutural de concreto armado-solo. Na análise mnnérica, rigidez relativa desempenhou uma relevante função no comportamento mecânico do elemento estrutural de concreto armado (sapata) e da base de assentamento (solo), uma vez ruptura em ambos os casos esteve diretamente relacionada a esta grandeza. São encon1rados, em função da rigidez relativa, resultados indicativos dos modos de falha da fundação, excessiva plastificação do solo em fundações com rigidez relativa alta, e a plastificação armaduras, esmagamento do concreto, formação de fissuras, bielas e confinamento concreto para fundações de rigidez relativa baixa. Na análise numérica, obteve-se resultados importantes com relação ao projeto de fundações. Estes resultados foram cOnITontadoscom normas, destacando-se as discordâncias com relação às recomendações da nonna brasileira Projeto e Execução de Fundações" NBR-6122 (1996) para os diagramas de tensões interface sapata-solo usados no dimensionamento de fundações de concreto armado.

Simulação de sistemas térmicos de potência para geração de energia elétrica

O presente trabalho é dedicado à simulação numérica de sistemas térmicos de potência. O trabalho é iniciado com a modelagem de um ciclo Rankine, dedicado à produção de energia elétrica, para o qual foi elaborado um programa de simulação com a linguagem de programação MATLAB. A partir desse primeiro caso, são apresentados os modelos empregados para representar os diversos componentes que formam o circuito, como o gerador de vapor, a turbina, o condensador e a bomba. Além desses componentes, são introduzidas as equações que representam o escoamento do fluido de trabalho, no caso a água, permitindo assim o cálculo da perda de carga nas diferentes canalizações do circuito, sendo também acoplado o funcionamento da bomba. Essa alternativa pennite uma melhor avaliação do trabalho despendido para operar o sistema. A modelagem do ciclo deixa então de ser exclusivamente tennodinâmica, e passa a incluir aspectos de mecânica de fluidos. Outras variantes desse ciclo simples são também modelados e simulados, incluindo ciclos Rankine regenerativos e com irreversibilidades. As simulações são efetuadas admitindo-se parâmetros de operação, como, potência da turbina, temperatura do vapor d'água na entrada da turbina e pressão do vapor d'água na saída da turbina, com a variante de fixar-se o título do vapor d'água na saída da turbina.

Um método para detectar falhas incipientes em máquinas rotativas baseado em análise de vibração e lógica Fuzzy

Este trabalho apresenta um método para detectar falhas no funcionamento de máquinas rotativas baseado em alterações no padrão de vibração do sistema e no diagnóstico da condição de operação, por Lógica Fuzzy. As modificações ocorridas são analisadas e servem como parâmetros para predizer falhas incipientes bem como a evolução destas na condição de operação, possibilitando tarefas de manutenção preditiva. Utiliza-se uma estrutura mecânica denominada de Sistema Rotativo (Figura 1), apropriada para as simulações das falhas. Faz-se a aquisição de dados de vibração da máquina usando-se um acelerômetro em chip biaxial de baixa potência. As saídas são lidas diretamente por um contador microprocessador não requerendo um conversor A/D. Um sistema de desenvolvimento para processamento digital de sinais, baseado no microprocessador TMS320C25, o Psi25, é empregado na aquisição dos sinais de vibração (*.dat), do Sistema Rotativo. Os arquivos *.dat são processados através da ferramenta matemática computacional Matlab 5 e do programa SPTOOL. Estabelece-se o padrão de vibração, denominado assinatura espectral do Sistema Rotativo (Figura 2) Os dados são analisados pelo sistema especialista Fuzzy, devidamente calibrado para o processo em questão. São considerados, como parâmetros para a diferenciação e tomada de decisão no diagnóstico do estado de funcionamento pelo sistema especialista, a freqüência de rotação do eixo-volante e as amplitudes de vibração inerentes a cada situação de avaria. As falhas inseridas neste trabalho são desbalanceamentos no eixovolante (Figura 1), através da inserção de elementos desbalanceadores. A relação de massa entre o volante e o menor elemento desbalanceador é de 1:10000. Tomando-se como alusão o conhecimento de especialistas no que se refere a situações normais de funcionamento e conseqüências danosas, utilizam-se elementos de diferentes massas para inserir falhas e diagnosticar o estado de funcionamento pelo sistema fuzzy, que apresenta o diagnóstico de formas qualitativa: normal; falha incipiente; manutenção e perigo e quantitativa, sendo desta maneira possível a detecção e o acompanhamento da evolução da falha.

Um algoritmo numérico de integração de tempo para estruturas dinâmicas com dissipações : o método generalizado-α

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e aplicar um método de integração numérica de tempo para estrutras dinâmicas com dissipação de energia. Nessa dissertação tal método é analisado e posteriormente implementado em MATLAB, afim de resolver algumas aplicações em sistemas dinâmicos dotados de massas, molas e amortecedores que são apresentados no primeiro capítulo. Usando o método implementado em MATLAB, também é apresentada uma aplicação para vibrações transversais em cordas axialmente.