Studies on entomological monitoring: mosquito species frequency in riverine habitats of the Igarapava Dam, Southern Region, Brazil

Diversity of mosquito species was evaluated in different habitats before and after the Igarapava reservoir flooding in the Grande River, Southern Cerrado of Brazil. We aimed at verifying changes in these mosquito populations in consequence of the lake formation. Four habitats were selected as sampling stations: peridomiciliary habitat, pasture, "veredas" and gallery forest patch. Bimonthly collections were made with the Shannon trap and human bait, including diurnal, crepuscular and nocturnal period of mosquito activity. The Shannon Index results from the potential vectors were compared using Student t-test. Aedes scapularis, Anopheles darlingi and An. albitarsis senso latu seasonal abundance were described with moving average and compared using chi2 test. There were changes in the mosquito frequency in the habitats, except for the "veredas" that was 13 km away from the catchment area. The altering in mosquito species seasonal abundance suggests breeding places expansion. Diversity indexes can be used to monitor changes in mosquito vector population in environments where abrupt disturbance can alter disease transmission cycles.

A filosofia, a didáctica da filosofia e o ensino da filosofia: um possível retorno a um percurso teórico

Relatório de estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Filosofia no Secundário

Maria Madalena e o feminino na construção da igreja católica

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Sobre Mulheres. As Mulheres na Sociedade e na Cultura

O acesso aos arquivos paroquiais: proposta de um modelo de instrumento de descrição documental para os arquivos de Santo Estevão e São Miguel de Alfama, Lisboa

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Informação e da Documentação – Arquivística

A Infanta Maria de Portugal (1527-1545) e as festas do Renascimento

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História

On the possibility of autochthonous Chagas disease in Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, 2000-2001

Chagas disease has been almost entirely eradicated from the arid zones in Central and Northeastern Brazil where rare or no autochthonous cases have been reported. However, in the last 10 years the disease has increasingly been registered in the Amazon Region. Aiming to investigate the possibility of the occurrence of autochthonous cycle of Chagas disease in Roraima, triatomine collections, vectorial susceptibility studies (this one to be shown elsewhere), parasitological and serological analyses were conducted in three agricultural settlement areas (Rorainópolis, Passarão Project and Ilha Community). Blood-donor candidates were also investigated. This is the first epidemiological survey on Chagas disease conducted in agricultural settlements in Roraima. Triatomine species found were Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius robustus and Panstrongylus geniculatus. Trypanosoma cruzi detection analyses included xenodiagnosis, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemaglutination, ELISA and kinetoplast PCR amplification. Natural triatomine infection was not found in intestinal contents. Twenty-five adult settlers (1.4% out of 1821, all > 15 year-old, 20 migrants) presented anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Two migrant settlers (from Minas Gerais and Maranhão) tested positive for more than two serological tests, besides either being positive for xenodiagnosis or PCR. Results show that Chagas disease is not endemic in the areas studied. However, all elements of the transmission cycle are present, demanding for an adequate and continuous vigilance.

A Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) population from Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, has some bionomic characteristics of a potential Chagas disease vector

Even though Chagas disease is rare in the Brazilian Amazon, the conditions for the establishment of domiciliated cycles prevail in many areas where triatomines are of frequent occurrence. In Roraima, a previous serological and entomological survey in three agricultural settlements showed the existence of all transmission cycle elements, i.e., individuals infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, triatomine species previously found harboring T. cruzi in the broader Amazon region of neighboring countries and, domicile/ peridomicile conditions favorable to triatomine colonization. Triatoma maculata was the most frequent species, found in chicken houses in the peridomicile and sporadically within residences. Aiming to investigate the possibility of T. maculata to possess the potentiality to transmit T. cruzi in the area, bionomic characteristics were studied under laboratory conditions. These were feeding frequency, time for defecation after a blood meal, time elapsed in voluntary fasting pre- and pos-ecdysis, moulting time periods, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods and index of oviposition, incubation period, egg viability, longevity and mortality rate. Results show that the Passarão population of T. maculata should be considered a potential vector of T. cruzi since it shows a capacity to infest artificial ecotopes in the peridomicile, to carry out large number of meals during the nymphal cycle, to have a relatively short developmental cycle capable of producing 2.9 generations/year, to blood source eclecticism, to defecate immediately after the blood meal while still on the host and to the fact that has been previously found naturally infected by T.cruzi.

Proposta de tratamento documental do arquivo da brigada de estudos de azulejaria da Biblioteca de Arte da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Informação e da Documentação - Área de Especialização em Biblioteconomia

Human papillomavirus status and cervical abnormalities in women from public and private health care in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This article reports the HPV status and cervical cytological abnormalities in patients attended at public and private gynecological services from Rio de Janeiro State. It also comments the performance of each HPV DNA tests used. A set of 454 women from private health clinics was tested by routine Capture Hybrid II HPV DNA assay. Among these, 58.4% presented HPV and nearly 90% of them were infected by high risk HPV types. However, this group presented few premalignant cervical lesions and no invasive cervical cancer was registered. We also studied 220 women from low income class attended at public health system. They were HPV tested by polymerase chain reaction using My09/11 primers followed by HPV typing with E6 specific primers. The overall HPV prevalence was 77.3%. They also showed a high percentage of high squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL (26.3%), and invasive cervical carcinoma (16.3%). HPV infection was found in 93.1% and 94.4% of them, respectively. The mean ages in both groups were 31.5 and 38 years, respectively. In series 1, HPV prevalence declined with age, data consistent with viral transient infection. In series 2, HPV prevalence did not decline, independent of age interval, supporting not only the idea of viral persistence into this group, but also regional epidemiological variations in the same geographic area. Significant cytological differences were seen between both groups. Normal and benign cases were the most prevalent cytological findings in series 1 while pre-malignant lesions were the most common diagnosis in the series 2. HPV prevalence in normal cases were statistically higher than those from series 1 (p < 0.001), indicating a higher exposure to HPV infection. Women from both samples were referred for previous abnormal cytology. However, socio-demographic evidence shows that women from series 1 have access to treatment more easily and faster than women from series 2 before the development of pre-malignant lesions. These data provides baseline support for the role of social inequalities linked to high risk HPV infection leading to cervical cancer. Broadly screening programs and the development of safe and effective vaccines against HPV would diminish the toll of this disease that affect mainly poor women.

As redes sociais na adolescência em Portugal - Quem utiliza? - Estudo do caso nos alunos do 2º e 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico em alguns concelhos

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatistica e Gestão de Informação.

Affinity and diversity indices for anopheline immature forms

As for the entire Amazon Region, malaria continues to be a major health public problem in Roraima that presented an Annual Parasitic Index of 85.4 in 2005, the highest in Brazil. Information on anopheline breeding sites is an essential component in malaria control strategies. Aiming to contribute to the limited knowledge on anopheline immature forms in Roraima, collections and breeding site observations were performed in 10 breeding sites around the capital city Boa Vista. Collections were carried out in the rainy and dry season periods between April 2004 and January 2005. Breeding sites comprised natural and artificial water reservoirs. A total of 623 immature forms were collected belonging to Anopheles albitarsis s.l., An.triannulatus s.l., An. nuneztovari/dunhami, An. braziliensis, An. evansae, An. oswaldoi s.l., An. strodei and An. darlingi. An. albitarsis and An. braziliensis were the most frequently found species. Eight larvae of An. darlingi were found in only one breeding site located in the forest. An. triannulatus/An. nuneztovari and An. albitarsis/An. braziliensis were the pairs of species that mostly occurred together. Both pair of species displayed the highest affinity index what might indicate a high compatibility for the same breeding conditions and/or a synergistic co-occurrence. Species diversity index was higher for the dry season.

Avaliação Energética e de Auto - Sustentabilidade numa Empresa de Serviços

A tese que se vai apresentar é relativa a um levantamento energético numa empresa de serviços. Colorstar, que se dedica à comercialização e distribuição de produtos químicos, corantes e pigmentos para as indústrias Têxtil, Plásticos e Tintas e que possui nas suas instalações um laboratório para prestação de serviços na área de tinturaria e acabamentos têxteis, estando por isso frequentemente aberta ao contacto com o exterior. O objectivo dessa avaliação energética é permitir à empresa conhecer o seu posicionamento enquanto consumidor de energia, definindo o seu consumo específico de energia e a sua intensidade carbónica e partindo desse conhecimento, poder estabelecer metas relativamente à eficiência do consumo energético da Colorstar, indicando algumas ferramentas que permitam uma racionalização do consumo de energia e consequente poupança na fatura energética. Pretende-se também avaliar a possibilidade de autossustentabilidade energética da empresa e deste modo cumprir a sua política da Qualidade que tem como objectivos a melhoria contínua e a sustentabilidade. Após um primeiro levantamento e análise das faturas de eletricidade dos últimos 2 anos, conclui-se que o consumo da empresa foi de 7,85 tep/ano e de 7,27 tep/ano em 2011. Estes valores de consumo tornam a Colorstar numa empresa não consumidora intensiva de energia (CIE). A área coberta total do edifício onde se situa a empresa é de 503,60 m2. Por estes motivos, o trabalho a ser realizado não será tão exaustivo como o prevê a Legislação no caso de ser uma empresa CIE mas, irá dar especial incidência no levantamento a efetuar ao sector do Laboratório, pois, é lá que se acredita estarem a maior parte dos equipamentos consumidores de eletricidade da empresa e não tem monotorização individual desse consumo. Além disso é também o único sector onde a produção pode ser monitorizada. No presente trabalho foi efetuada a apresentação e caracterização de todo o equipamento com consumo de água e o levantamento da produção na empresa. Em consequência dos resultados desse levantamento foram ainda efetuadas medições no cilindro o que permitiu realizar a desagregação dos consumos de energia na Colorstar e mo sector do Laboratório. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que o Laboratório é responsável por 34% dos consumos totais de eletricidade na Colorstar sendo assim o maior consumidor da empresa. Segue-se a Climatização com 20%, depois a informática com 18%, os Outros equipamentos com 14% (aqui haverá também uma parcela devido à climatização uma vez que não foi possível calcular o consumo dos aparelhos de Ar Condicionado) e finalmente a Iluminação com um peso de 11% e a Kitchenette (cozinha) com a menor parcela, representa apenas 3% do consumo total da eletricidade na Colorstar. Efetuado também a desagregação dos consumos do Laboratório, concluiu-se que o termoacumulador (cilindro) é o maior consumidor de eletricidade do laboratório com 21% do total, seguindo-se as Máquinas de tingir (19%), Estufas (14%), Máquina de lavar roupa (12%), Placas de Fogão (10%), a Râmula e o Sistema de Exaustão ambos com 6% do consumo total, o Linitest com 5%, o desumidificador com 4%, a Máquina da loiça com 2%, o Espectrofotómetro com 1% e finalmente a Bomba do circuito de Reciclagem da água de arrefecimento das máquinas de tingir com pouco mais que 0%. Em consequência dos resultados do trabalho efetuado, apresentaram-se 3 propostas de melhoria com sugestões para trabalhos futuros.

Escolha do número de grupos e validação da solução em análise classificatória: da teoria à prática

Se pensarmos na agricultura numa perspectiva moderna, percebemos que um dos maiores problemas com que os agricultores se confrontam é terem de produzir o maior volume possível de produtos agrícolas, no menor tempo possível, dentro de certos condicionalismos climáticos. E isto porque é necessário tornar a agricultura mais produtiva e competitiva. Um modo de tornar a agricultura mais produtiva é determinar quais as espécies que podem ser “melhor” aproveitadas economicamente, sem erradicar as restantes, de modo a salvar a biodiversidade.

Isolation of yellow fever virus (YFV) from naturally infectied Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (diptera, cukicudae) in São Paulo State, Brazil, 2009

After detecting the death of Howlers monkeys (genus Alouatta) and isolation of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Buri county, São Paulo, Brazil, an entomological research study in the field was started. A YFV strain was isolated from newborn Swiss mice and cultured cells of Aedes albopictus - C6/36, from a pool of six Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Hg. leucocelaenus) mosquitoes (Dyar & Shannon) collected at the study site. Virus RNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The MCC Tree generated showed that the isolated strain is related to the South American I genotype, in a monophyletic clade containing isolates from recent 2008-2010 epidemics and epizootics in Brazil. Statistical analysis commonly used were calculated to characterize the sample in relation to diversity and dominance and indicated a pattern of dominance of one or a few species. Hg. leucocelaenus was found infected in Rio Grande do Sul State as well. In São Paulo State, this is the first detection of YFV in Hg. leucocelaenus.

Environmental analyses of the parasitic profile found in the sandy soil from the Santos municipality beaches, SP, Brazil

The environmental contamination by geohelminths represents a world public health problem and has been well documented by several authors. However, few papers describe the presence of such contamination in saline soils of coastal beaches. A study was performed on the beaches of the municipality of Santos in the period between May 2004 to April 2005 with the aim of determining the degree of contamination, and the correlation between contamination level and seasonal conditions and characteristics of the environment. Of the 2,520 samples analyzed, 18.2% (458) were contaminated, 32.3% (148) of which were localized in children's recreational areas (playgrounds). The parasite profile found in the analyzed samples indicated the presence of several zoonotic parasites: Ancylostoma larvae (82.5%), Toxocara sp. eggs (59.4%), Ancylostomidae-like eggs (37.1%), coccid oocysts (13.5%), Trichostrongylus sp. eggs and larvae, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, (11.6%), Entamoeba sp. cysts (10.0%), Strongyloides sp. (4.8%), several free nematoids and some non-identified parasitic structures (3.3%). It was established that the highest frequency of parasitic structures occurred in the months between May and October 2004, and from February to March 2005. An increase in the diversity of parasitic forms was documented in the months between February to December 2004 and from January to April 2005, these periods having the highest rainfall.