Social chromosome variants differentially affect queen determination and the survival of workers in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta.

Intraspecific variation in social organization is common, yet the underlying causes are rarely known. An exception is the fire ant Solenopsis invicta in which the existence of two distinct forms of social colony organization is under the control of the two variants of a pair of social chromosomes, SB and Sb. Colonies containing exclusively SB/SB workers accept only one single queen and she must be SB/SB. By contrast, when colonies contain more than 10% of SB/Sb workers, they accept several queens but only SB/Sb queens. The variants of the social chromosome are associated with several additional important phenotypic differences, including the size, fecundity and dispersal strategies of queens, aggressiveness of workers, and sperm count in males. However, little is known about whether social chromosome variants affect fitness in other life stages. Here, we perform experiments to determine whether differential selection occurs during development and in adult workers. We find evidence that the Sb variant of the social chromosome increases the likelihood of female brood to develop into queens and that adult SB/Sb workers, the workers that cull SB/SB queens, are overrepresented in comparison to SB/SB workers. This demonstrates that supergenes such as the social chromosome can have complex effects on phenotypes at various stages of development.

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario, 1887.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario, 1888.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario, 1889.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario, 1892.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario, 1893.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Annual report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park of the Province of Ontario, 1894.

Description based on: 16th ed. (1901).

Unchained Minds: Self-Accounts of Madness

This thesis explores the connection between the historical and social construction of madness in relation to how society currently views madness and schizophrenia. The anti-psychiatry movement has been outlined using the work of anti-psychiatrists David Cooper, R. D. Laing and Franco Basaglia. Foucault’s work regarding madness and the asylum is also reviewed to give an overarching analysis of madness, including analysis of its creation. With the help of Basaglia, madness as class warfare and social disease are explored. By connecting this analysis to the medicalization of schizophrenia and the use of counter-narratives, this thesis uses the work of Deleuze and Guattari to illustrate how mental illness can be redefined through deterritorialization, reterritorialization and lines of flight. Specifically, this thesis uses a Foucauldian textual analysis to examine self-narratives of schizophrenia including, the films A Beautiful Mind and The Best of Youth, and the books Two Accounts of a Journey Through Madness, The Center Cannot Hold and Living With Voices. These self-narratives illustrate the importance of considering an individual’s voice when determining treatment options for mental illness. Overall, a shift in thinking is needed. The findings suggest self-help groups are not enough on their own and should be combined with medical intervention. Self-narratives are an important step in the recovery process as it allows one to come to terms with their voice hearing experiences. As well, self-narratives are useful in the treatment process as a tool that can help to redefine dominant conceptualizations of schizophrenia and mental illness today.

Invitation: Gala Concert in honour of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh

An invitation from The Right Honourable Pierre Elliott Trudeau for a gala concert in the Opera of the National Arts Centre in honour of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh.

Indenture of Conveyance between Her Majesty the Queen and Joseph A. Woodruff

Indenture of conveyance between Her Majesty the Queen and Joseph A. Woodruff of St. Catharines regarding 100 acres more or less in part of Lot no. 5 in the 2nd Concession in the 34 Township of Lobo in the County of Middlesex. This was registered in the County of Middlesex Register on Oct. 20, 1873. This is a duplicate of the original executed on Oct. 15, 1875.

Letter to Mrs. Maria DeV. Haynes from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York

Letter to Mrs. Maria DeV. Haynes from Henry Ahern of the United States Trust Company of New York (1 page, printed) stating that the funding of bonds has been paid, Jan. 4, 1909.

Indenture of bargain and sale between Walter Hamilton and Augusta Maria Dickson of Niagara to Robert Dickson of Niagara

Indenture of bargain and sale between Walter Hamilton and Augusta Maria Dickson of Niagara to Robert Dickson of Niagara for land in the Township of Dumphries, Jan. 23, 1840.

Indenture of bargain and sale between Walter Hamilton Dickson and Augusta Maria Dickson of Niagara to Jane Dickson (widow of Robert Dickson), Thomas Clark Street of Stamford and Edward Clarke Campbell of Niagara

Indenture of bargain and sale between Walter Hamilton Dickson and Augusta Maria Dickson of Niagara to Jane Dickson (widow of Robert Dickson), Thomas Clark Street of Stamford and Edward Clarke Campbell of Niagara for 150 acres for the south half of Lot no. 32 in the 7th concession and the north east quarter of Lot no. 22 in the 10th Concession of Dumphries. This was recorded in the County of Halton on the 29th day of January, 1849 in Folio 326, memorial 236, Jan. 12, 1849.