Silver nanoparticles to fight Candida coinfection in the oral cavity

[Exert] This chapter is focused on the activity of silver nanoparticles (SN) as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms, which are involved in oral candidosis. A discussion focusing on the influence of the stabilizing agent, diameter of SN on its antibiofilm activity, influence of chemical stability of SN on Candida biofilms, the effect of SN against adhered cells and biofilms, the effect on extracellular matrix composition and structure of Candida biofilms, the combination of SN with conventional antifungal drugs, and the incorporation of SN into denture acrylic resin is incorporated in the present chapter. Because of the resistance of Candida biofilms to conventional drugs and the positive effect of SN against them, these nanoparticles can be used as an alternative antifungal agent (...).

On modified simple reacting spheres kinetic model for chemically reactive gases

Versão dos autores para esta publicação.

Diseño y desarrollo de superficies modificadas. Aplicaciones ambientales, biomédicas y farmacéuticas. Design and development of modified surfaces. Environmental, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

El objetivo general de este proyecto de investigación es diseñar, desarrollar y optimizar superficies con propiedades especificas para ser utilizadas como sensores y biosensores, materiales biocompatibles, columnas para separaciones por electroforesis capilar, matrices para la liberación controlada de fármacos y sorbentes para remediación ambiental. Para concretar este objetivo, se propone específicamente modificar superficies o particulas apuntando a optimizar un sistema concreto relevante en aplicaciones farmaceuticas, ambientales o biomedicas: 1. Modificacion de arcillas naturales o sinteticas para desarrollar matrices portadoras de farmacos o sorbentes para remediacion ambiental:1.1 Estudiar ilitas modificadas con Fe(III) para maximizar las propiedades adsortivas frente a aniones contaminantes como arsenico. 1.2 Sintetizar LDH de Al y Mg modificados con compuestos de interés farmacéutico para diseñar sistemas de liberación controlada.2. Modificación de canales de chips y electrodos para optimizar la separación, detección y cuantificación de compuestos farmacéutico: 2.1 Diseñar y construir microchips para la separación por EC de compuestos de base fenólica.2.2 Evaluar polímeros que mejoren la respuesta y/o estabilidad de electrodos de Carbono para ser usados como detectores amperométrico de compuestos de base fenólica en sistemas FIA y miniaturizados de análisis integrados.3. Modificación de superficies sólidas con biomoléculas para el desarrollo y optimización de superficies de bio-reconocimiento:3.1 Evaluar el comportamiento de superficies de titanio modificadas con TiO2 y depósitos inorgánicos frente a la interacción con proteínas plasmáticas (PP) para el análisis de la biocompatibilidad superficial.3.2 Diseñar y desarrollar superficies biofuncionales para el reconocimiento especifico de D-aminoácidos, anticuerpos en pacientes chagásicos y simple hebra de ADN. Las técnicas que se emplearán para llevar a cabo el proyecto dependen del tipo de sistema de estudio. En particular los estudios correspondientes al objetivo 1 se realizarán mediante análisis químicos, térmico, DXR, SEM, IR, BET así como mediante titulaciones ácido-base potenciométricas, movilidades electroforéticas, cinética e isotermas de adsorción.En general para desarrollar el objetivo 2 se utilizarán técnicas electroquímicas clásicas para la caracterización de los electrodos, los que luego se utilizarán como detectores en un sistema FIA amperométrico, mientras que los microchips se emplearán en electroforesis capilar para la separación de diferentes compuestos de interés farmacéutico.Finalmente, el objetivo 3 se llevará a cabo por un lado modificando electrodos de titanio con distintos depósitos (electroquímicas, sol-gel, térmicas) de TiO2 e hidroxiapatita y evaluando la interacción con proteínas plasmáticas para analizar la biocompatibilidad de los materiales preparados. Por otro lado, se estudiará el proceso de adsorción-desorción de D-aminoácido oxidasa, antígenos del T. Cruzi y ADN de simple hebra para optmizar la capacidad de bio-reconocimiento superficial de D-aminoácidos, anticuerpos de chagásicos y de cadena complementaria de ADN. Para concretar este objetivo se utilizarán técnicas electroquímicas, espectroscópicas y microscopias.Debido al carácter multidisciplinario del presente proyecto de investigación, su ejecución se llevara a cabo a través de la colaboración de investigadores pertenecientes a distintas áreas de la Química y permitirá continuar con la formación de recursos humanos mediante la realización de tesis doctorales y estadías postdoctorales.

Development of sensing systems for environmental monitoring

This project focused on the investigation and the development of a chemical sensing system for the determination of chromium Cr6+ and a bio-reactor followed by electrochemical detection at a glassy carbon electrode, for the determination of organochlorine compounds. The conjugation of Cr6+ with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide was studied at various types of electrodes such as glassy carbon, ultra-trace epoxy-graphite, chemically or un-modified carbon-paste and dropping-mercury. The cyclic voltammetric behaviour of the complex was also investigated. In addition, the possibility of developing a chemical sensor, Le. an electrochemical probe capable of sensing Cr6+ through its complexation with 1,5-diphenylacarbazide was studied. The conjugations of l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene and ethacrynic, which are electrophilic organochlorine compounds, with reduced glutathione, were studied in order to test the bioreactor developed, based on the immobilisation of glutathione s-transferase. This was carried out at different types of electrodes such as glassy-carbon, gold, silver, platinum, epoxy-graphite, hangingmercury, and ferrocene-modified rotating-disc electrodes.

Precipitation of barium sulphate nanoparticles in microemulsion : experiments and modelling

Nanopartikel, BaSO4, Mikroemulsion, Fällung, Modellierung

Characterization of the avian designer cells AGE1.CR and AGE1.CR.plX considering growth, metabolism and production of influenza virus and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA)

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2014

Gold, Water

Combined media on paper. 82" x 40", Fire River Series. Hammer Museum, UCLA

The role of a transcrustal shear zone in orogenic gold mineralization at the Aijanahalli Mine, Dharwar Craton, South India

The Ajjanahalli gold mine is spatially associated with a Late Archean craton-scale shear zone in the eastern Chitradurga greenstone belt of the Dharwar craton, India. Gold mineralization is hosted by an similar to100-m-wide antiform in a banded iron formation. Original magnetite and siderite are replaced by a peak metamorphic alteration assemblage of chlorite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, sericite, ankerite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and gold at ca. 300degrees to 350degreesC. Elements enriched in the banded iron formation include Ca, Mg, C, S, An, As, Bi. Cu, Sb, Zn, Pb, Se, Ag, and Te, whereas in the wall rocks As, Cu, Zn, Bi, Ag, and An are only slightly enriched. Strontium correlates with CaO, MgO, CO2, and As, which indicates cogenetic formation of arsenopyrite and Mg-Ca carbonates. The greater extent of alteration in the Fe-rich banded iron formation layers than in the wall rock reflects the greater reactivity of the banded iron formation layers. The ore fluids, as interpreted from their isotopic composition (delta(18)O = 6.5-8.5parts per thousand; initial Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.7068-0.7078), formed by metamorphic devolatilization of deeper levels of the Chitradurga greenstone belt. Arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite have delta(34)S values within a narrow range between 2.1 and 2.7 per mil, consistent with a sulfur source in Chitradurga greenstone belt lithologies. Based on spatial and temporal relationships between mineralization, local structure development, and sinistral strike-slip deformation in the shear zone at the eastern contact of the Chitradurga greenstone belt, we suggest that the Ajjanahalli gold mineralization formed by fluid infiltration into a low strain area within the first-order structure. The ore fluids were transported along this shear zone into relatively shallow crustal levels during lateral terrane accretion and a change from thrust to transcurrent tectonics. Based on this model of fluid flow, exploration should focus on similar low strain areas or potentially connected higher order splays of the first-order shear zone.

Transfer of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles from human brain-derived endothelial cells to human glioblastoma cells.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are being used or explored for the development of biomedical applications in diagnosis and therapy, including imaging and drug delivery. Therefore, reliable tools are needed to study the behavior of NPs in biological environment, in particular the transport of NPs across biological barriers, including the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), a challenging question. Previous studies have addressed the translocation of NPs of various compositions across cell layers, mostly using only one type of cells. Using a coculture model of the human BBTB, consisting in human cerebral endothelial cells preloaded with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO NPs) and unloaded human glioblastoma cells grown on each side of newly developed ultrathin permeable silicon nitride supports as a model of the human BBTB, we demonstrate for the first time the transfer of USPIO NPs from human brain-derived endothelial cells to glioblastoma cells. The reduced thickness of the permeable mechanical support compares better than commercially available polymeric supports to the thickness of the basement membrane of the cerebral vascular system. These results are the first report supporting the possibility that USPIO NPs could be directly transferred from endothelial cells to glioblastoma cells across a BBTB. Thus, the use of such ultrathin porous supports provides a new in vitro approach to study the delivery of nanotherapeutics to brain cancers. Our results also suggest a novel possibility for nanoparticles to deliver therapeutics to the brain using endothelial to neural cells transfer.

Modified 'dumbbell' technique: a simple and intuitive method to position balloon-expandable stent valves.

Intraoperative cardiac imaging plays a key role during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. In recent years, new techniques and new tools for improved image quality and virtual navigation have been proposed, in order to simplify and standardize stent valve positioning and implantation. But routine performance of the new techniques may require major economic investments or specific knowledge and skills and, for this reason, they may not be accessible to the majority of cardiac centres involved in transcatheter valve replacement projects. Additionally, they still require injections of contrast medium to obtain computed images. Therefore, we have developed and describe here a very simple and intuitive method of positioning balloon-expandable stent valves, which represents the evolution of the 'dumbbell' technique for echocardiography-guided transcatheter valve replacement without angiography. This method, based on the partial inflation of the balloon catheter during positioning, traps the crimped valve in the aortic valve orifice and, consequently, very near to the ideal landing zone. It does not require specific echocardiographic knowledge; it does not require angiographies that increase the risk of postoperative kidney failure in elderly patients, and it can be also performed in centres not equipped with a hybrid operating room.

Solid-phase synthesis and NMR studies of modified oligonucleotides forming triplex helix and of oligonucleopeptides mimicking the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona of the CSIC –state agency – from april until september 2007. Topoisomerase I is an essential nuclear enzyme that modulates the topological status of DNA, facilitating DNA helix unwinding during replication and transcription. We have prepared the oligonucleotide-peptide conjugate Ac-NLeu-Asn-Tyr(p-3’TTCAGAAGC5’)-LeuC-CONH-(CH2)6-OH as model compound for NMR studies of the Topoisomerase I- DNA complex. Special attention was made on the synthetic aspects for the preparation of this challenging compound especially solid supports and protecting groups. The desired peptide was obtained although we did not achieve the amount of the conjugate needed for NMR studies. Most probably the low yield is due to the intrinsic sensitive to hydrolysis of the phosphate bond between oligonucleotide and tyrosine. We have started the synthesis and the structural characterization of oligonucleotides carrying intercalating compounds. At the present state we have obtained model duplex and quadruplex sequences modified with acridine and NMR studies are underway. In addition to this project we have successfully resolved the structure of a fusion peptide derived from hepatitis C virus envelope synthesized by the group of Dr. Haro and we have synthesized and started the characterization of a modified G-quadruplex.

Validation and long-term evaluation of a modified on-line chiral analytical method for therapeutic drug monitoring of (R,S)-methadone in clinical samples.

Matrix effects, which represent an important issue in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry detection, should be closely assessed during method development. In the case of quantitative analysis, the use of stable isotope-labelled internal standard with physico-chemical properties and ionization behaviour similar to the analyte is recommended. In this paper, an example of the choice of a co-eluting deuterated internal standard to compensate for short-term and long-term matrix effect in the case of chiral (R,S)-methadone plasma quantification is reported. The method was fully validated over a concentration range of 5-800 ng/mL for each methadone enantiomer with satisfactory relative bias (-1.0 to 1.0%), repeatability (0.9-4.9%) and intermediate precision (1.4-12.0%). From the results obtained during validation, a control chart process during 52 series of routine analysis was established using both intermediate precision standard deviation and FDA acceptance criteria. The results of routine quality control samples were generally included in the +/-15% variability around the target value and mainly in the two standard deviation interval illustrating the long-term stability of the method. The intermediate precision variability estimated in method validation was found to be coherent with the routine use of the method. During this period, 257 trough concentration and 54 peak concentration plasma samples of patients undergoing (R,S)-methadone treatment were successfully analysed for routine therapeutic drug monitoring.