Da fragmentação às práticas integradoras: contribuições da informática educativa à educação em tempos de complexidade

A tese pesquisa a problemática da inserção da Escola na Sociedade do Conhecimento no contexto da Cibercultura, considerando o distanciamento que as práticas educativas escolares vêm apresentando em relação ao universo midiático da cultura social contemporânea na qual os alunos estão inseridos. Utiliza como referencial teórico os fundamentos da Teoria da Complexidade, a partir do que ficou conhecido como paradigma complexo de Edgar Morin. Neste contexto, visa refletir sobre a necessidade de ampliar o olhar sobre o conhecimento como forma de superação do paradigma fragmentador. Parte da hipótese de que as práticas educativas, permeadas pela tecnologia, quando fundamentadas em um paradigma complexo, podem abrir novas possibilidades de superação com a promoção de mudanças pedagógicas em direção a um novo paradigma educativo mais dinâmico, criativo e integrador. Investiga se o uso da Informática na Educação pode, de fato, contribuir com as reformas necessárias à Educação em tempos de complexidade. Tendo o Colégio Pedro II como espaço de investigação, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se em duas fases e objetivou compreender o movimento do Colégio para ajustar-se e atender as demandas educacionais da sociedade contemporânea em acelerado processo de transformação e imersa na Cultura da Convergência. Analisa a incorporação e apropriação das tecnologias no processo de escolarização pelo corpo docente do Colégio e como isto tem se dado na prática da instituição. A pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório tem como cenário de investigação os laboratórios de Informática Educativa (espaços multimídia com conexão a Internet) nos diferentes CAMPI do 1 e 2 Segmentos do Ensino Fundamental e nas atividades desenvolvidas, através da atuação dos professores de Informática Educativa, em parceria ou não, com os professores de outras disciplinas. Para analise dos dados foram utilizados conceitos da Teoria da Complexidade, como por exemplo, as categorias provenientes do Tetragrama Organizacional e os Operadores da Complexidade. O material empírico extraído da análise documental e das entrevistas sobre as práticas realizadas nos laboratório do Colégio resulta em mapeamento das diferentes formas de estruturação do trabalho pedagógico dos laboratórios, análise do ciclo docente: planejamento, execução e avaliação. A pesquisa de campo exploratória, inicialmente de caráter descritivo, passa a enfatizar, progressivamente, o caráter qualitativo da pesquisa, objetivando assim, oferecer maior clareza e visibilidade ao real estado da Informática Educativa para o Colégio Pedro II. A pesquisa desenvolvida analisa a realidade escolar no ponto onde estamos, que é a prática da interdisciplinaridade em direção a transdisciplinaridade. A transdisciplinaridade, em vários aspectos, ainda representa uma utopia pedagógica no contexto formal do sistema educacional brasileiro que estrutura-se de modo visivelmente fragmentado.

Production-related risk in rice-fish culture: a target MOTAD analysis

The article is a summary of the preliminary results of an AFSSRN-funded study on Risk Programming of Rice-Fish Production Systems in the Philippines conducted early 1993 by the AFSSRN-CLSU team. The results show that rice-fish culture leads to a higher rice production compared to rice monoculture.

Hatchery and culture technology for the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra Jaeger, in India

The seed of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra jaeger is being produced at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute in India. This article describes the techniques being used in the production of seed and the experiments being carried out for the rearing of juveniles. Trials to grow juveniles in hatcheries on prawn farms have shown spectabular results that are both cost efficient and environmentally friendly.

Freshwater pearl culture in India

Freshwater pearl culture is growing as a source of employment and income in many Southeast Asian countries. Bangladesh, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam have initiated freshwater pearl culture projects in recent years. In India, the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture is carrying out research on identification of suitable local pearl mussel species (Genera Lamellidens)defining appropriate surgical implantation procedures, developing post-operative care procedures and captive pond culture of mussels.

Integration of freshwater prawn culture with rice farming in Kuttanad, India

The integration of paddy cultivation with prawn/fish culture can become a viable alternative to effectively utilize the vast area of derelict polders (embanked coastal flood plains) in Kuttanad, India. Nearly 55 000 ha of wetlands in Kuttanad are available for paddy cultivation year-round. Around 5 000 ha of the polders are utilized for Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture as a follow-up crop. Of the total area, about 250 ha of fallow polders are utilized for monoculture of M. rosenbergii from March to October, while in 4 750 ha polyculture with Indian and exotic carps is practiced from November to June. Stocking density is 15 000 to 60 000/ha for monoculture of M. rosenbergii, while in polyculture with carps, it is 5 000 to 20 000/ha of prawn and 5 000 to 10 000/ha of fish. Production from monoculture varies from 95 to 1 297 kg/ha whereas production from polyculture systems it is 70 to 500 kg/ha of prawn and 200 - 1 200 kg/ha of fish. Profits range from Rs. 5 000 to 20 000/ha. An evaluation is made of how the present polders of Kuttanad are best utilized for culture of M. rosenbergii following different systems of integrated farming and how the integration is useful in the aquaculture sustainability of Kuttanad, a tropical wetland ecosystem.

Safe use of pesticide in rice-fish culture

Results of the study on the relative safety of nine different pesticides: Diazinon 40% EC, Diazinon 10 G, Elsan 50% EC, Sumithion 50% EC, Furadan 3 G, Padan 50% SP, Kitazin 48% EC, Kitasin 17% G and EPN 45% EC for various fish species: Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, Oreochromis mossambicus, Channa punctata, Clarias batrachus and Anabas testudineus used in rice-fish culture are presented and discussed.

The half-lives of biological activity of some pesticides in water

In the absence of analytical methods, the half-lives of biological activity of pesticides can be estimated by bioassays. To determine the half-lives of biological acivity of pesticides to fish, static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with ten different formulations of pesticides using Labeo rohita as a bio-indicator. The half-lives of biological activity for ten different pesticides in soft water at pH 7.5 and 27°C, ranged from 4.6 days to 11.8 days. The half-life of biological activity of Sumithion 50% EC was only 4.6 days. In contrast, Dimecron 50% EC degraded very slowly and its half-life of biological activity on L. rohita was about 11.8 days. Sumithion 50% EC, Padan 50% SP, EPN 45% EC, Diazinon 40% EC and Diazinon 10 G degraded in less than five to seven days indicating that these pesticides are desirable for rice-fish culture. Contamination by pesticides with long-term residual toxicity in waters may eventually cause high levels of fish mortality.

Mangrove forests and shrimp culture in Ngoc Hien District, Minh Hai Province, Vietnam

As a result of increased population growth, the attraction of high profits from shrimp culture and ineffective mangrove forest management, a number of serious environmental problems exist in Ngoc Hien District, Minh Hai Province, Vietnam. These environmental problems are highlighted in this article.

A simple and objective bioeconomic index for choosing species for culture

Details are given of the development of a bioeconomic culture index that may be used to assist in choosing fish for culture. This index takes into account growth performance indexes and mean annual prices of the fish. Examples are given of the culture indices of some of Kuwait's commercially important fish species. The proposed indices given realistic output for these fish and allow comparison and evaluation of different taxa with widely differing biological and economic characteristics.

Pen fish culture in reservoirs: an alternative to land based nurseries

An experiment to rear carp seed was conducted in Tamil Nadu, India during October 2001 to April 2002 as a part of an ambitious programme aimed at standardization of pen fish rearing technology for production of stocking material of desired size at a lower cost. The experiment used six pens erected using locally available materials in the exposed marginal area of an existing reservoir. The high survival rate of carps (67.2-94.7%) and reasonable returns on investment (26.2%) obtained in the experiment indicated that fish seed rearing in pens erected in suitable areas of existing reservoirs could serve as a cheaper alternative to the expensive land-based nursery ponds.