Customizable resource usage analysis for java bytecode

Automatic cost analysis of programs has been traditionally studied in terms of a number of concrete, predefined resources such as execution steps, time, or memory. However, the increasing relevance of analysis applications such as static debugging and/or certification of user-level properties (including for mobile code) makes it interesting to develop analyses for resource notions that are actually applicationdependent. This may include, for example, bytes sent or received by an application, number of files left open, number of SMSs sent or received, number of accesses to a database, money spent, energy consumption, etc. We present a fully automated analysis for inferring upper bounds on the usage that a Java bytecode program makes of a set of application programmer-definable resources. In our context, a resource is defined by programmer-provided annotations which state the basic consumption that certain program elements make of that resource. From these definitions our analysis derives functions which return an upper bound on the usage that the whole program (and individual blocks) make of that resource for any given set of input data sizes. The analysis proposed is independent of the particular resource. We also present some experimental results from a prototype implementation of the approach covering an ample set of interesting resources.

Precise set sharin analysis for java-style programs (and proofs).

Finding useful sharing information between instances in object- oriented programs has recently been the focus of much research. The applications of such static analysis are multiple: by knowing which variables definitely do not share in memory we can apply conventional compiler optimizations, find coarse-grained parallelism opportunities, or, more importantly, verify certain correctness aspects of programs even in the absence of annotations. In this paper we introduce a framework for deriving precise sharing information based on abstract interpretation for a Java-like language. Our analysis achieves precision in various ways, including supporting multivariance, which allows separating different contexts. We propose a combined Set Sharing + Nullity + Classes domain which captures which instances do not share and which ones are definitively null, and which uses the classes to refine the static information when inheritance is present. The use of a set sharing abstraction allows a more precise representation of the existing sharings and is crucial in achieving precision during interprocedural analysis. Carrying the domains in a combined way facilitates the interaction among them in the presence of multivariance in the analysis. We show through examples and experimentally that both the set sharing part of the domain as well as the combined domain provide more accurate information than previous work based on pair sharing domains, at reasonable cost.

Precise set sharing and nullity analysis for java-style program

Finding useful sharing information between instances in object- oriented programs has been recently the focus of much research. The applications of such static analysis are multiple: by knowing which variables share in memory we can apply conventional compiler optimizations, find coarse-grained parallelism opportunities, or, more importantly,erify certain correctness aspects of programs even in the absence of annotations In this paper we introduce a framework for deriving precise sharing information based on abstract interpretation for a Java-like language. Our analysis achieves precision in various ways. The analysis is multivariant, which allows separating different contexts. We propose a combined Set Sharing + Nullity + Classes domain which captures which instances share and which ones do not or are definitively null, and which uses the classes to refine the static information when inheritance is present. Carrying the domains in a combined way facilitates the interaction among the domains in the presence of mutivariance in the analysis. We show that both the set sharing part of the domain as well as the combined domain provide more accurate information than previous work based on pair sharing domains, at reasonable cost.

An efficient, parametric fixpoint algorithm for incremental analysis of java bytecode

Abstract interpretation has been widely used for the analysis of object-oriented languages and, more precisely, Java source and bytecode. However, while most of the existing work deals with the problem of finding expressive abstract domains that track accurately the characteristics of a particular concrete property, the underlying fixpoint algorithms have received comparatively less attention. In fact, many existing (abstract interpretation based) fixpoint algorithms rely on relatively inefficient techniques to solve inter-procedural call graphs or are specific and tied to particular analyses. We argue that the design of an efficient fixpoint algorithm is pivotal to support the analysis of large programs. In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm for analysis of Java bytecode which includes a number of optimizations in order to reduce the number of iterations. Also, the algorithm is parametric in the sense that it is independent of the abstract domain used and it can be applied to different domains as "plug-ins". It is also incremental in the sense that, if desired, analysis data can be saved so that only a reduced amount of reanalysis is needed after a small program change, which can be instrumental for large programs. The algorithm is also multivariant and flowsensitive. Finally, another interesting characteristic of the algorithm is that it is based on a program transformation, prior to the analysis, that results in a highly uniform representation of all the features in the language and therefore simplifies analysis. Detailed descriptions of decompilation solutions are provided and discussed with an example.

University authentication system based on Java card and digital X.509 certificate

This article presents a solution to the problem of strong authentication, portable and expandable using a combination of Java technology and storage of X.509 digital certificate in Java cards to access services offered by an institution, in this case, the technology of the University of Panama, ensuring the authenticity, confidentiality, integrity and non repudiation.

Use of Java Cards in a telematic voting system.

This paper presents a general view of the telematic voting system developed by its authors, with a special emphasis on the important role that smart cards play in this scenario. The use of smart cards as basic pieces for providing secure cryptographic operations in this type of voting scheme is justified. The differences and advantages of Java Cards in comparison with the ?classical? smart cards (those that completely conform to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard) are also discussed. As an example, the paper describes one of the applets implemented in the voting Java Card as part of the general telematic voting application.

Contraste entre instrumentos de evaluación tradicionales y rúbricas: estudio de un caso en una asignatura de introducción a la programación en Java

Dentro de los estudios de Ingeniería, las asignaturas que se ocupan de la capacidad de desarrollar programas de ordenador presentan algunas particularidades que las hacen especialmente interesantes a la hora de aplicar instrumentos de evaluación no tradicionales. Estas características son: (a) el resultado del aprendizaje es estrictamente una competencia, (b) el ejercicio profesional de esta competencia se realiza usualmente en equipo y (c) el proceso de evaluación puede ser más objetivo que en otras materias. Como consecuencia de la aplicación del EEES se están aplicando nuevas metodologías docentes y de estrategias de evaluación a estas asignaturas y resulta relevante conocer qué diferencias, si existen, introducen en el proceso de aprendizaje de este tipo de materias. El presente trabajo contrasta la aplicación de dos metodologías docentes y dos instrumentos de evaluación en dos grupos de la misma asignatura. Uno de los grupos ha seguido una metodología docente a distancia apoyada en una plataforma de e-learning, con contenidos docentes en formato electrónico, tutorías virtuales, un foro de comunicaciones, ejercicios de autoevaluación,trabajos individuales y trabajos en grupo. El otro grupo comparte los mismos contenidos docentes pero sigue una metodología que se basa en la impartición de clases presenciales de tipo magistral y clases prácticas de resolución de problemas y en la que se realiza un proyecto en equipo que se entrega en tres hitos. En ambos casos se ha utilizado una rúbrica por parte del profesor para evaluar los trabajos y otra por parte del alumno para valorar la actividad y competencia trabajo en equipo. Además se ha realizado un examen tradicional aunque sin efecto en la calificación final del alumno como referencia de comparación. En este sentido se muestra la experiencia en el empleo de la rúbrica en el contexto de la docencia en Ingeniería, y, en este caso, respecto de un instrumento tradicional como es una prueba de evaluación escrita.

Estudio cinemático del cuerpo humano mediante Kinect

La cámara Kinect está desarrollada por Prime Sense en colaboración con Microsoft para la consola XBox, ofrece imágenes de profundidad gracias a un sensor infrarrojo. Este dispositivo también incluye una cámara RGB que ofrece imágenes a color además de una serie de micrófonos colocados de tal manera que son capaces de saber de qué ángulo proviene el sonido. En un principio Kinect se creó para el ocio doméstico pero su bajo precio (en comparación con otras cámaras de iguales características) y la aceptación por parte de desarrolladores han explotado sus posibilidades. El objetivo de este proyecto es, partiendo de estos datos, la obtención de variables cinemáticas tales como posición, velocidad y aceleración de determinados puntos de control del cuerpo de un individuo como pueden ser el cabeza, cuello, hombros, codos, muñecas, caderas, rodillas y tobillos a partir de los cuales poder extraer patrones de movimiento. Para ello se necesita un middleware mediante el entorno de libre distribución (GNU) multiplataforma. Como IDE se ha utilizado Processing, un entorno open source creado para proyectos de diseño. Además se ha utilizado el contenedor SimpleOpenNI, desarrollado por estudiantes e investigadores que trabajan con Kinect. Esto ofrece la posibilidad de prescindir del SDK de Microsoft, el cual es propietario y obliga a utilizar su sistema operativo, Windows. Usando estas herramientas se consigue una solución viable para varios sistemas operativos. Se han utilizado métodos y facilidades que ofrece el lenguaje orientado a objetos Java (Proccesing hereda de este), y se ha planteado una solución basada en un modelo cliente servidor que dota de escalabilidad al proyecto. El resultado del proyecto es útil en aplicaciones para poblaciones con riesgo de exclusión (como es el espectro autista), en telediagnóstico, y en general entornos donde se necesite estudiar hábitos y comportamientos a partir del movimiento humano. Con este proyecto se busca tener una continuidad mediante otras aplicaciones que analicen los datos ofrecidos. ABSTRACT. The Kinect camera is developed by PrimeSense in collaboration with Microsoft for the xBox console provides depth images thanks to an infrared sensor. This device also includes an RGB camera that provides color images in addition to a number of microphones placed such that they are able to know what angle the sound comes. Kinect initially created for domestic leisure but its low prices (compared to other cameras with the same characteristics) and acceptance by developers have exploited its possibilities. The objective of this project is based on this data to obtain kinematic variables such as position, velocity and acceleration of certain control points of the body of an individual from which to extract movement patterns. These points can be the head, neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees and ankles. This requires a middleware using freely distributed environment (GNU) platform. Processing has been used as a development environment, and open source environment created for design projects. Besides the container SimpleOpenNi has been used, it developed by students and researchers working with Kinect. This offers the possibility to dispense with the Microsoft SDK which owns and agrees to use its operating system, Windows. Using these tools will get a viable solution for multiple operating systems. We used methods and facilities of the Java object-oriented language (Processing inherits from this) and has proposed a solution based on a client-server model which provides scalability to the project. The result of the project is useful in applications to populations at risk of exclusion (such as autistic spectrum), in remote diagnostic, and in general environments that need study habits and behaviors from human motion. This project aims to have continuity using other applications to analyze the data provided.

Diseño de un software de intermediación de comunicación para sistemas distribuidos de tiempo real críticos en Java

Las facilidades e independencia de plataforma de Java han generado un gran interés en la comunidad de tiempo real. Dicho interés se ha reflejado en la especificación RTSJ (Real-Time Specification for Java), que extiende y adapta el lenguaje Java para permitir el desarrollo de sistemas de tiempo real. Adicionalmente, se han desarrollado perfiles de RTSJ para garantizar la predecibilidad en sistemas de tiempo real críticos. Sin embargo, RTSJ y sus perfiles no proporcionan facilidades para sistemas distribuidos. El objetivo de este trabajo es afrontar dicha limitación definiendo un nuevo modelo de RMI (Remote Method Invocation) basado en los principales perfiles de RTSJ para sistemas de tiempo real crítico. Este trabajo presenta el diseño y la implementación de RMI-HRT (RMI-Hard Real-Time) que está enfocado a sistemas de tiempo real crítico con requisitos de alta integridad.

On the leakage-power modeling for optimal server operation

Leakage power consumption is a com- ponent of the total power consumption in data cen- ters that is not traditionally considered in the set- point temperature of the room. However, the effect of this power component, increased with temperature, can determine the savings associated with the careful management of the cooling system, as well as the re- liability of the system. The work presented in this paper detects the need of addressing leakage power in order to achieve substantial savings in the energy consumption of servers. In particular, our work shows that, by a careful detection and management of two working regions (low and high impact of thermal- dependent leakage), energy consumption of the data- center can be optimized by a reduction of the cooling budget.

Leakage and temperature aware server control for improving energy efficiency in data centers

Reducing the energy consumption for computation and cooling in servers is a major challenge considering the data center energy costs today. To ensure energy-efficient operation of servers in data centers, the relationship among computa- tional power, temperature, leakage, and cooling power needs to be analyzed. By means of an innovative setup that enables monitoring and controlling the computing and cooling power consumption separately on a commercial enterprise server, this paper studies temperature-leakage-energy tradeoffs, obtaining an empirical model for the leakage component. Using this model, we design a controller that continuously seeks and settles at the optimal fan speed to minimize the energy consumption for a given workload. We run a customized dynamic load-synthesis tool to stress the system. Our proposed cooling controller achieves up to 9% energy savings and 30W reduction in peak power in comparison to the default cooling control scheme.

Visualizador de programas Java concurrentes

El presente trabajo fin de grado, que, a partir de ahora, denominaré TFG, consiste en elaborar una monitorización de programas concurrentes en lenguaje Java, para que se visualicen los eventos ocurridos durante la ejecución de los dichos programas. Este trabajo surge en el marco de la asignatura “Concurrencia” de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, impartida por D. Julio Mariño y D. Ángel Herranz. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es crear una herramienta para el aprendizaje de la asignatura de concurrencia, facilitando la comprensión de los conceptos teóricos, de modo que puedan corregir los posibles errores que haya en sus prácticas. en este proyecto se expone el desarrollo de una librería de visualización de programas concurrentes programados en Java usando un formalismo gráfico similar al empleado en la asignatura. Además esta librería da soporte a los mecanismos de sincronización usados en las prácticas de la asignatura: la librería Monitor (desarrollada por los profesores de la asignatura, D. Ángel Herranz y D. Julio Mariño) y la librería JCSP (Universidad de Kent). ---ABSTRACT---This Bachelor Thesis addresses the problem of monitoring a Java program in order to trace and visualize a certain set of events produced during the execution of concurrent Java programs. This work originates in the subject "Concurrency" of the Computer Science and Engineering degree of our University. The main goal of this work is to have a tool that helps students learning the subject, so they can better understand the core concepts and correct common mistakes in the course practical work. We have implemented a library for visualizing concurrent Java programsusing a graphical notation similar to the one used in class, which supports the design of concurrent programs whose synchronization mechanisms are either monitors(using the Monitor package) or CSP(as implemented in the JCSP library from Kent University).

Desarrollo de un compilador para el lenguaje de especificación de eventos en series temporales TESL

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado recoge el diseño e implementación de un compilador y una librería de entorno de ejecución para el lenguaje específico del dominio TESL, un lenguaje de alto nivel para el análisis de series temporales diseñado por un grupo de investigación de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Este compilador es el primer compilador completo disponible para TESL y sirve como base para la continuación del desarrollo del lenguaje, estando ideado para permitir su adaptación a cambios en el mismo. El compilador ha sido implementado en Java siguiendo la arquitectura clásica para este tipo de aplicaciones, incluyendo un Analizador Léxico, Sintáctico y Semántico, así como un Generador de Código. Se ha documentado su arquitectura y las decisiones de diseño que han conducido a la misma. Además, se ha demostrado su funcionamiento con un caso práctico de análisis de eventos en métricas de servidores. Por último, se ha documentado el lenguaje TESL, en cuyo desarrollo se ha colaborado. ---ABSTRACT---This Bachelor’s Thesis describes the design and implementation of a compiler and a runtime library for the domain-specific language TESL, a high-level language for analyzing time series events developed by a research group from the Technical University of Madrid. This is the first fully implemented TESL compiler, and serves as basis for the continuation of the development of the language. The compiler has been implemented in Java following the classical architecture for this kind of systems, having a four phase compilation with a Lexer, a Parser, a Semantic Analyzer and a Code Generator. Its architecture and the design decisions that lead to it have been documented. Its use has been demonstrated in an use-case in the domain of server metrics. Finally, the TESL language itself has been extended and documented.

Advanced system of planning and organization of classes at the university

This document is the result of a process of web development to create a tool that will allow to Cracow University of Technology consult, create and manage timetables. The technologies chosen for this purpose are Apache Tomcat Server, My SQL Community Server, JDBC driver, Java Servlets and JSPs for the server side. The client part counts on Javascript, jQuery, AJAX and CSS technologies to perform the dynamism. The document will justify the choice of these technologies and will explain some development tools that help in the integration and development of all this elements: specifically, NetBeans IDE and MySQL workbench have been used as helpful tools. After explaining all the elements involved in the development of the web application, the architecture and the code developed are explained through UML diagrams. Some implementation details related to security are also deeper explained through sequence diagrams. As the source code of the application is provided, an installation manual has been developed to run the project. In addition, as the platform is intended to be a beta that will be grown, some unimplemented ideas for future development are also exposed. Finally, some annexes with important files and scripts related to the initiation of the platform are attached. This project started through an existing tool that needed to be expanded. The main purpose of the project along its development has focused on setting the roots for a whole new platform that will replace the existing one. For this goal, it has been needed to make a deep inspection on the existing web technologies: a web server and a SQL database had to be chosen. Although the alternatives were a lot, Java technology for the server was finally selected because of the big community backwards, the easiness of modelling the language through UML diagrams and the fact of being free license software. Apache Tomcat is the open source server that can use Java Servlet and JSP technology. Related to the SQL database, MySQL Community Server is the most popular open-source SQL Server, with a big community after and quite a lot of tools to manage the server. JDBC is the driver needed to put in contact Java and MySQL. Once we chose the technologies that would be part of the platform, the development process started. After a detailed explanation of the development environment installation, we used UML use case diagrams to set the main tasks of the platform; UML class diagrams served to establish the existing relations between the classes generated; the architecture of the platform was represented through UML deployment diagrams; and Enhanced entity–relationship (EER) model were used to define the tables of the database and their relationships. Apart from the previous diagrams, some implementation issues were explained to make a better understanding of the developed code - UML sequence diagrams helped to explain this. Once the whole platform was properly defined and developed, the performance of the application has been shown: it has been proved that with the current state of the code, the platform covers the use cases that were set as the main target. Nevertheless, some requisites needed for the proper working of the platform have been specified. As the project is aimed to be grown, some ideas that could not be added to this beta have been explained in order not to be missed for future development. Finally, some annexes containing important configuration issues for the platform have been added after proper explanation, as well as an installation guide that will let a new developer get the project ready. In addition to this document some other files related to the project are provided: - Javadoc. The Javadoc containing the information of every Java class created is necessary for a better understanding of the source code. - database_model.mwb. This file contains the model of the database for MySQL Workbench. This model allows, among other things, generate the MySQL script for the creation of the tables. - ScheduleManager.war. The WAR file that will allow loading the developed application into Tomcat Server without using NetBeans. - ScheduleManager.zip. The source code exported from NetBeans project containing all Java packages, JSPs, Javascript files and CSS files that are part of the platform. - config.properties. The configuration file to properly get the names and credentials to use the database, also explained in Annex II. Example of config.properties file. - db_init_script.sql. The SQL query to initiate the database explained in Annex III. SQL statements for MySQL initialization. RESUMEN. Este proyecto tiene como punto de partida la necesidad de evolución de una herramienta web existente. El propósito principal del proyecto durante su desarrollo se ha centrado en establecer las bases de una completamente nueva plataforma que reemplazará a la existente. Para lograr esto, ha sido necesario realizar una profunda inspección en las tecnologías web existentes: un servidor web y una base de datos SQL debían ser elegidos. Aunque existen muchas alternativas, la tecnología Java ha resultado ser elegida debido a la gran comunidad de desarrolladores que tiene detrás, además de la facilidad que proporciona este lenguaje a la hora de modelarlo usando diagramas UML. Tampoco hay que olvidar que es una tecnología de uso libre de licencia. Apache Tomcat es el servidor de código libre que permite emplear Java Servlets y JSPs para hacer uso de la tecnología de Java. Respecto a la base de datos SQL, el servidor más popular de código libre es MySQL, y cuenta también con una gran comunidad detrás y buenas herramientas de modelado, creación y gestión de la bases de datos. JDBC es el driver que va a permitir comunicar las aplicaciones Java con MySQL. Tras elegir las tecnologías que formarían parte de esta nueva plataforma, el proceso de desarrollo tiene comienzo. Tras una extensa explicación de la instalación del entorno de desarrollo, se han usado diagramas de caso de UML para establecer cuáles son los objetivos principales de la plataforma; los diagramas de clases nos permiten realizar una organización del código java desarrollado de modo que sean fácilmente entendibles las relaciones entre las diferentes clases. La arquitectura de la plataforma queda definida a través de diagramas de despliegue. Por último, diagramas EER van a definir las relaciones entre las tablas creadas en la base de datos. Aparte de estos diagramas, algunos detalles de implementación se van a justificar para tener una mejor comprensión del código desarrollado. Diagramas de secuencia ayudarán en estas explicaciones. Una vez que toda la plataforma haya quedad debidamente definida y desarrollada, se va a realizar una demostración de la misma: se demostrará cómo los objetivos generales han sido alcanzados con el desarrollo actual del proyecto. No obstante, algunos requisitos han sido aclarados para que la plataforma trabaje adecuadamente. Como la intención del proyecto es crecer (no es una versión final), algunas ideas que se han podido llevar acabo han quedado descritas de manera que no se pierdan. Por último, algunos anexos que contienen información importante acerca de la plataforma se han añadido tras la correspondiente explicación de su utilidad, así como una guía de instalación que va a permitir a un nuevo desarrollador tener el proyecto preparado. Junto a este documento, ficheros conteniendo el proyecto desarrollado quedan adjuntos. Estos ficheros son: - Documentación Javadoc. Contiene la información de las clases Java que han sido creadas. - database_model.mwb. Este fichero contiene el modelo de la base de datos para MySQL Workbench. Esto permite, entre otras cosas, generar el script de iniciación de la base de datos para la creación de las tablas. - ScheduleManager.war. El fichero WAR que permite desplegar la plataforma en un servidor Apache Tomcat. - ScheduleManager.zip. El código fuente exportado directamente del proyecto de Netbeans. Contiene todos los paquetes de Java generados, ficheros JSPs, Javascript y CSS que forman parte de la plataforma. - config.properties. Ejemplo del fichero de configuración que permite obtener los nombres de la base de datos - db_init_script.sql. Las consultas SQL necesarias para la creación de la base de datos.

Desarrollo de sistema para organizar eventos entre grupos

RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO Organizar actividades y proyectos entre varias personas o tomar decisiones conjuntas son cuestiones a las que se enfrenta cualquier individuo en su día a día. El simple hecho de coordinar o poner de acuerdo a un grupo reducido de personas puede llegar a suponer un gran problema ya que cada participante tiene sus propias preferencias y, en ocasiones, es difícil conseguir encajarlas con las demás del grupo. Este proyecto, llamado “DealtDay”, surge para facilitar esta labor. La idea nace ante la necesidad de organizar, de forma fácil e intuitiva, a un grupo de personas para, por ejemplo, concretar una reunión, quedar para ir a dar una vuelta, decidir qué película ver, etc. Este proyecto se ha desarrollado basándose en el sistema actual de relaciones con el que se han creado la mayoría de las redes sociales que hoy conocemos. Como medio para poder hacer uso del proyecto se ha construido una aplicación web que, gracias a las decisiones de diseño tomadas, se puede usar tanto en un ordenador, una tablet o un Smartphone. Este punto se considera fundamental ya que cada vez más personas están dejando de lado los ordenadores corrientes para dar paso al uso de las nuevas tecnologías. Además, se ha creado una API REST, lo que nos permite utilizar todas las funcionalidades de la aplicación desde cualquier sistema que pueda realizar peticiones http. En este proyecto en concreto se realizará la parte del desarrollo de la API, el cliente web y el despliegue de la aplicación en un servidor web para realizar las pruebas pertinentes. ABSTRACT To organize activities and projects between several people or make joint decisions are issues to which any person faces every day.The simple fact of coordinate or coming to an agreement with a group of persons could be a major problem, since each participant has their own preferences and often fails when tries to fit them with the group. This project, called “Dealt Day”, is born to facilitate this task. The idea arises of how to achieve organize a group of people in an easily and intuitively way in order to arrange a meeting, be able to go for a walk, decide what movie to see or simply vote a choice between a users group. This project has been developed based on the current relation system that has been created in the most social networks we know. As a means of making use of the project a web application has been built, that thanks to the design decisions taken it can be used in a computer, tablet or smartphone, This is an essential point because more and more people are abandoning the current computers to make way for the use of new technologies. Also, a REST API has been created, which allows us to use all the features of the application from any system able to make http requests. In this particular project, I have done the development of the API, web client and the application deployment on a web server in order to test it.