Uso seguro y responsable de Internet.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Manual de derecho de comercio electrónico y de Internet

El manual de cátedra que se presenta a continuación, como todo manual, no pretende sentar las bases teóricas sobre el objeto de estudio, ni convertirse en doctrina de obligada referencia. Simplemente busca acercar a los estudiantes e interesados en el tema, al estado del arte en lo que al derecho del comercio electrónico y de Internet se refiere. Dado que el autor ha orientado en la Universidad del Rosario las cátedras Derecho de Comercio Electrónico –en pregrado- y Legislación del Comercio Electrónico, en posgrado, éste ha tenido la oportunidad de validar parte importante del material con los estudiantes, quienes con sus aportes y comentarios han nutrido el texto. El trabajo se inscribe en la línea de investigación en Derecho Comercial, pues cuenta con una estructura que analiza algunos de los problemas jurídicos más importantes, identificados mediante la práctica profesional, en la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.

Enhancing fault management performance of two-step QoS routing algorithms in GMPLS networks

In this paper a novel methodology aimed at minimizing the probability of network failure and the failure impact (in terms of QoS degradation) while optimizing the resource consumption is introduced. A detailed study of MPLS recovery techniques and their GMPLS extensions are also presented. In this scenario, some features for reducing the failure impact and offering minimum failure probabilities at the same time are also analyzed. Novel two-step routing algorithms using this methodology are proposed. Results show that these methods offer high protection levels with optimal resource consumption

Minimum interference routing with fast protection

One of the most effective techniques offering QoS routing is minimum interference routing. However, it is complex in terms of computation time and is not oriented toward improving the network protection level. In order to include better levels of protection, new minimum interference routing algorithms are necessary. Minimizing the failure recovery time is also a complex process involving different failure recovery phases. Some of these phases depend completely on correct routing selection, such as minimizing the failure notification time. The level of protection also involves other aspects, such as the amount of resources used. In this case shared backup techniques should be considered. Therefore, minimum interference techniques should also be modified in order to include sharing resources for protection in their objectives. These aspects are reviewed and analyzed in this article, and a new proposal combining minimum interference with fast protection using shared segment backups is introduced. Results show that our proposed method improves both minimization of the request rejection ratio and the percentage of bandwidth allocated to backup paths in networks with low and medium protection requirements

Validaci??n de dos escalas breves para evaluar la adicci??n a Internet y el abuso de m??vil

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

QoS online routing and MPLS multilevel protection: a survey

A survey of MPLS protection methods and their utilization in combination with online routing methods is presented in this article. Usually, fault management methods pre-establish backup paths to recover traffic after a failure. In addition, MPLS allows the creation of different backup types, and hence MPLS is a suitable method to support traffic-engineered networks. In this article, an introduction of several label switch path backup types and their pros and cons are pointed out. The creation of an LSP involves a routing phase, which should include QoS aspects. In a similar way, to achieve a reliable network the LSP backups must also be routed by a QoS routing method. When LSP creation requests arrive one by one (a dynamic network scenario), online routing methods are applied. The relationship between MPLS fault management and QoS online routing methods is unavoidable, in particular during the creation of LSP backups. Both aspects are discussed in this article. Several ideas on how these actual technologies could be applied together are presented and compared

Adding QoS protection in order to enhance MPLS QoS routing

In this paper, a method for enhancing current QoS routing methods by means of QoS protection is presented. In an MPLS network, the segments (links) to be protected are predefined and an LSP request involves, apart from establishing a working path, creating a specific type of backup path (local, reverse or global). Different QoS parameters, such as network load balancing, resource optimization and minimization of LSP request rejection should be considered. QoS protection is defined as a function of QoS parameters, such as packet loss, restoration time, and resource optimization. A framework to add QoS protection to many of the current QoS routing algorithms is introduced. A backup decision module to select the most suitable protection method is formulated and different case studies are analyzed

Operational Cost Reduction in WDM Networks using Lighttours

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks have been adopted as a near-future solution for the broadband Internet. In previous work we proposed a new architecture, named enhanced grooming (G+), that extends the capabilities of traditional optical routes (lightpaths). In this paper, we compare the operational expenditures incurred by routing a set of demands using lightpaths with that of lighttours. The comparison is done by solving an integer linear programming (ILP) problem based on a path formulation. Results show that, under the assumption of single-hop routing, almost 15% of the operational cost can be reduced with our architecture. In multi-hop routing the operation cost is reduced in 7.1% and at the same time the ratio of operational cost to number of optical-electro-optical conversions is reduced for our architecture. This means that ISPs could provide the same satisfaction in terms of delay to the end-user with a lower investment in the network architecture

Multicast algorithms evaluation using an adaptative routing in ATM networks

This paper proposes a multicast implementation based on adaptive routing with anticipated calculation. Three different cost measures for a point-to-multipoint connection: bandwidth cost, connection establishment cost and switching cost can be considered. The application of the method based on pre-evaluated routing tables makes possible the reduction of bandwidth cost and connection establishment cost individually

All-Optical Unicast/Multicast Routing in WDM Networks

Optical transport networks (OTN) must be prepared in terms of better resource utilization, for accommodating unicast and multicast traffic together. Light-trees have been proposed for supporting multicast connections in OTN. Nevertheless when traffic grooming is applied in light-trees, resources can be underutilized as traffic can be routed to undesirable destinations in order to avoid optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions. In this paper, a novel architecture named S/G light- tree for supporting unicast/multicast connections is proposed. The architecture allows traffic dropping and aggregation in different wavelengths without performing OEO conversions. A heuristic that routes traffic demands using less wavelengths by taking advantage of the proposed architecture is designed as well. Simulation results show that the architecture can minimize the number of used wavelengths and OEO conversions when compared to light-trees

Cyberbullying : victimizaci??n entre adolescentes a trav??s del tel??fono m??vil y de Internet

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Internet a Infantil i Prim??ria. 'Internet en Infantil y Primaria'

Se hace una recopilaci??n a modo de dec??logo de p??ginas webs educativas de inter??s para las etapas de infantil y primaria, en las que los alumnos del CP S'Hort des Fassers, puedan acercarse a la realidad y uso de la red, as?? como tambi??n puedan pasar un rato entretenido y vayan aprendiendo a utilizar internet para informar-se, leer, estudiar o divertirse.

Internet for Image Searching

"Internet for Image Searching" is a free online tutorial to help staff and students in universities and colleges to find digital images for their learning and teaching. The emphasis of the tutorial is on finding copyright cleared images which are available free; facilitating quick, hassle-free access to a vast range of online photographs and other visual resources. "This tutorial is an excellent resource for anyone needing to know more about where and how to find images online. The fact that it concentrates on copyright cleared images will make it even more valuable for busy learning and teaching professionals, researchers and students alike. It will also serve to inspire confidence in those needing to use images from the web in their work." (Sharon Waller of the Higher Education Academy).

Internet como fuente de documentación académica entre estudiantes universitarios: una aproximación a partir del alumnado de educación social de la Universidad de les Islas Baleares (UIB).

En este artículo se describen y analizan los resultados de un estudio exploratorio sobre el uso de Internet -más concretamente el World Wide Web (WWW)- por parte de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios para documentarse a la hora de desarrollar tareas académicas. Los datos -obtenidos a través de un cuestionario auto-administrado - ponen de manifiesto la escasa competencia de este alumnado para la búsqueda y manejo de información contenida en el ciberespacio.

L'ús responsable i segur d'Internet per part dels menors. 'El uso responsable y seguro de Internet por parte de los menores'.

Artículo extraído de una publicación sobre el uso responsable de Internet en el que se exponen los principales peligros asociados a Internet y los menores desde el punto de vista jurídico o legal, desde el punto de vista ético o moral y desde el punto de vista psicológico, socializador y conductual. Se presentan las acciones que llevan a cabo los menores en Internet, los aspectos positivos y los riesgos que éstos pueden encontrarse en la red.