875 resultados para IN-HOSPITAL INPATIENTS
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Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients, and is strongly related to increase of mortality. PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical outcome and the prognostic factors in hospital acquired AFR. METHOD: A prospective study was performed. Data from 200 patients with established ARF admitted during the period of January, 1987 and July, 1990 were collected. RESULTS: The incidence of ARF was 4.9/1000 admissions. Renal ischemia (50%) and nephrotoxic drugs (21%) were the main etiologic factors. The histologic study done in 43 patients showed: acute tubular necrosis (53%), tubular hydrophic degeneration (16%), glomerulopathies (16%) and other lesions (15%). Dialysis therapy was performed in 101 patients and the main indications were: uremia (67%), hypervolemia (22%) and hyperkalemia (9%). The mortality rate was 46.5% and the most important causes of death were: sepsis (38%), respiratory failure (19%) and multiple organs failure (11%). Treatment withdraw was the cause of death in 2 patients. Higher mortality was observed in oliguric patients (62.9%) than non-oliguric (34.5%) (p < 0.05) and in ischemic renal failure (56.7%) when compared to nephrotoxic renal failure (14.7%) (p < 0.05). This difference was maintained when the comparison was done only between dialyzed patients. CONCLUSION: As primary cause of death was not associated to the acute renal failure, we conclude that acute renal failure is an important marker of the gravity of the underlying disease and not the cause of death.
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This is an exploratory and descriptive study that was jointly carried out by Nursing Care and Occupational Therapy as part of a Research Project that intended to prepare children for elective surgery at the University of São Paulo's Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais. Objective: using toys as a therapeutic resource for relieving the child's real and unconscious tensions concerning hospitalization for surgical treatment at the HRAC - USP. Method: 44 children participated in the study. An observation form was used to collect data and it was applied at two separate times: the first time was the day before the surgery was to take place and the second on the day of the surgery just before the event. Twenty one variables were elaborated by the researchers to categorize behaviors regarding hospitalization. The resources used were: storytelling, dramatization and demonstration of nursing interventions with puppets dressed in surgical garb (gloves, surgical gown, mask and cap) with medical equipment commonly used in hospital. Results: of the 21 variables analyzed, 8 showed statistically significant differences on the McNemar Test (p<0.05). Conclusion: interactive play enables hospitalized children to interact in the hospital environment, so that they can express feelings and emotions and it contributes to humanized hospital assistance.
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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis in critically ill patients is associated with an in-hospital mortality rate of 50-80 %. Extended daily hemodialysis (EHD) and high volume peritoneal dialysis (HVPD) have emerged as alternative modalities. Methods: A double-center, randomized, controlled trial was conducted comparing EHD versus HVPD for the treatment for AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU). Four hundred and seven patients were randomized and 143 patients were analyzed. Principal outcome measure was hospital mortality, and secondary end points were recovery of renal function and metabolic and fluid control. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in relation to median ICU stay [11 (5.7-20) vs. 9 (5.7-19)], recovery of kidney function (26.9 vs. 29.6 %, p = 0.11), need for chronic dialysis (9.7 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.23), and hospital mortality (63.4 vs. 63.9 %, p = 0.94). The groups were different in metabolic and fluid control. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and bicarbonate levels were stabilized faster in EHD group than in HVPD group. Delivered Kt/V and ultrafiltration were higher in EHD group. Despite randomization, there were significant differences between the groups in some covariates, including age, pre-dialysis BUN, and creatinine levels, biased in favor of the EHD. Using logistic regression to adjust for the imbalances in group assignment, the odds of death associated with HVPD was 1.4 (95 % CI 0.7-2.4, p = 0.19). A detailed investigation of the randomization process failed to explain the marked differences in patient assignment. Conclusions: Despite faster metabolic control and higher dialysis dose and ultrafiltration with EHD, this study provides no evidence of a survival benefit of EHD compared with HVPD. The limitations of this study were that the results were not presented according to the intention to treat and it did not control other supportive management strategies as nutrition support and timing of dialysis initiation that might influence outcomes in AKI. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a dinâmica curricular implementada pelo Núcleo de Educação Popular Paulo Freire (NEP), da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), no contexto hospitalar, especificamente no Pavilhão São José; através da relação com o outro, a relação com o saber no cotidiano da relação pedagógica, as interpretações dadas ao currículo pelas docentes, as alterações de sentidos, do conhecimento e do saber, que contribuem, de forma concreta, para a inclusão e para a ação pedagógica em ambientes hospitalares. Os eixos teóricos que fundamentam esta investigação se voltam para os aspectos do conhecimento e construção do currículo e suas interfaces, mais diretamente a prática do currículo no cotidiano. Através da realidade curricular do Pavilhão São José, podemos conhecer o currículo adotado e interpretado pelas docentes nessa classe hospitalar e como essa proposta vem se materializando enquanto dinâmica curricular. Trabalhamos com a abordagem qualitativa aplicando no estudo de caso realizado no Pavilhão São José da Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, no período de 2004 até junho de 2005. A coleta de dados foi feita através da entrevista com as duas professoras e a Coordenadora do Projeto de Ensino do NEP, análise documental, tendo sido privilegiados os questionários sócio-antropológicos realizados pelo NEP com os alunos-pacientes ou mães, fichas de atividades das docentes e o Projeto de Ensino do NEP. Os principais resultados apontam para a necessidade de valorização dessa ação educativa frente aos profissionais de saúde e pais, para que os alunos-pacientes a compreendam como caminho para sua escolarização; para os cursos de Formação de Professores reverem o tempo da ação educativa pelo "princípio da simultaneidade de eventos", pela partilha coletiva docente, pela orientação de currículos interdisciplinares e ampliação da cultura popular; para a forma grupal de problematizar os conteúdos articulados em classe, aumentar os relativos à escolarização, visto que essa proposta tem a pretensão de ofertar aos alunos-pacientes o acesso à escola; de buscar estratégias de interação entre os profissionais de saúde e educação; e investigar essa dinâmica curricular de forma mais sistemática e constante para desenvolver o processo educativo em ambiente hospitalar.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Pediatria - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB