ECG-based biometrics: A real time classification approach

Behavioral biometrics is one of the areas with growing interest within the biosignal research community. A recent trend in the field is ECG-based biometrics, where electrocardiographic (ECG) signals are used as input to the biometric system. Previous work has shown this to be a promising trait, with the potential to serve as a good complement to other existing, and already more established modalities, due to its intrinsic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a system for ECG biometrics centered on signals acquired at the subject's hand. Our work is based on a previously developed custom, non-intrusive sensing apparatus for data acquisition at the hands, and involved the pre-processing of the ECG signals, and evaluation of two classification approaches targeted at real-time or near real-time applications. Preliminary results show that this system leads to competitive results both for authentication and identification, and further validate the potential of ECG signals as a complementary modality in the toolbox of the biometric system designer.

Experimental apparatus for finger ECG biometrics

Current Electrocardiographic (ECG) signal acquisition methods are generally highly intrusive, as they involve the use of pre-gelled electrodes and cabled sensors placed directly on the person, at the chest or limbs level. Moreover, systems that make use of alternative conductive materials to overcome this issue, only provide heart rate information and not the detailed signal itself. We present a comparison and evaluation of two types of dry electrodes as interface with the skin, targeting wearable and low intrusiveness applications, which enable ECG measurement without the need for any apparatus permanently fitted to the individual. In particular, our approach is targeted at ECG biometrics using signals collected at the hand or finger level. A custom differential circuit with virtual ground was also developed for enhanced usability. Our work builds upon the current stateof-the-art in sensoring devices and processing tools, and enables novel data acquisition settings through the use of dry electrodes. Experimental evaluation was performed for Ag/AgCl and Electrolycra materials, and results show that both materials exhibit adequate performance for the intended application.

Solid-state sensory properties of Calix-Poly(Phenylene Ethynylene)s toward nitroaromatic explosives

This study is primarily focused in establishing the solid-state sensory abilities of several luminescent polymeric calix[4]arene-based materials toward selected nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), creating the foundations for their future application as high performance materials for detection of high explosives. The phenylene ethynylene-type polymers possessing bis-calix[4]arene scaffolds in their core were designed to take advantage of the known recognition abilities of calixarene compounds toward neutral guests, particularly in solid-state, therefore providing enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in the sensing of a given analyte. It was found that all the calix[4]arene-poly(para-phenylene ethynylene)s here reported displayed high sensitivities toward the detection of nitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Particularly effective and significant was the response of the films (25-60 nm of thickness) upon exposure to TNT vapor (10 ppb): over 50% of fluorescence quenching was achieved in only 10 s. In contrast, a model polymer lacking the calixarene units showed only reduced quenching activity for the same set of analytes, clearly highlighting the relevance of the macrocyclics in promoting the signaling of the transduction event. The films exhibited high photostability (less than 0.5% loss of fluorescence intensity up to 15 min of continuous irradiation) and the fluorescence quenching sensitivity could be fully recovered after exposure of the quenched films to saturated vapors of hydrazine (the initial fluorescence intensities were usually recovered within 2-5 min of exposure to hydrazine).

Depressão humoral específica em pacientes crônicos infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi

Realizamos um estudo comparativo entre o xenodiagnóstico e os testes sorológicos para a doença de Chagas. Cento e cincoenta pacientes de algumas áreas endêmicas foram estudados. Quatro deles pareceram revelar um estado particular com um xenodiagnóstico positivo e uma sorologia negativa, esta realizada com quatro diferentes técnicas clássicas (teste de immunofluorescência, ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, teste de fixação do complemento e teste de immuno-eletroforese). O soro de um dos pacientes que apresentou depressão humoral específica mostra elevada quantidade de antígenos circulantes comprovada pela técnica da immuno-eletroforese. Os Autores sugerem o uso de um teste sorológico para detectar a presença de antígenos circulantes de T. cruzi, além da utilização de testes sorológicos clássicos. Isto permitiria o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas em pacientes com uma baixa (ou mesmo inexistente) produção de anticorpos específicos.

A stochastic programming approach for the development of offering strategies for a wind power producer

A stochastic programming approach is proposed in this paper for the development of offering strategies for a wind power producer. The optimization model is characterized by making the analysis of several scenarios and treating simultaneously two kinds of uncertainty: wind power and electricity market prices. The approach developed allows evaluating alternative production and offers strategies to submit to the electricity market with the ultimate goal of maximizing profits. An innovative comparative study is provided, where the imbalances are treated differently. Also, an application to two new realistic case studies is presented. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Caracterização do crescimento de filmes ultra-finos e nano-estruturas em superfícies

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Física, especialidade de Engenharia de Superfícies, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Optimal offering strategies for wind power producers considering uncertainty and risk

This paper provides a two-stage stochastic programming approach for the development of optimal offering strategies for wind power producers. Uncertainty is related to electricity market prices and wind power production. A hybrid intelligent approach, combining wavelet transform, particle swarm optimization and adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system, is used in this paper to generate plausible scenarios. Also, risk aversion is explicitly modeled using the conditional value-at-risk methodology. Results from a realistic case study, based on a wind farm in Portugal, are provided and analyzed. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Simulação da qualidade da água em parte de ao Grande Porto

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a modelação hidráulica e de qualidade de água de parte de uma rede de distribuição a alta pressão do grande Porto. Após calibração de um modelo utilizado no software EPANet foi possível simular o decaimento do cloro livre num troço da rede de abastecimento. Foi ainda possível concluir que os valores dos parâmetros característicos do modelo de qualidade são uma constante de decaimento no seio do fluido de 1,78 dia-1 (0,001239 min-1) a cerca de 22 ºC e, no ramal 6244-6245 Ramalde – Cabanas – Pedrouços, uma constante de decaimento na parede da tubagem de forma generalizada de 0,28 m/dia. Não foi possível obter conclusões sobre a adutora 6261 Jovim-Nova Sintra 2, ficando explícita a necessidade de um maior controlo sobre a variável temperatura.

Scheduling of a hydro producer considering head-dependency, price scenarios and risk-aversion

In this paper, a mixed-integer quadratic programming approach is proposed for the short-term hydro scheduling problem, considering head-dependency, discontinuous operating regions and discharge ramping constraints. As new contributions to earlier studies, market uncertainty is introduced in the model via price scenarios, and risk aversion is also incorporated by limiting the volatility of the expected profit through the conditional value-at-risk. Our approach has been applied successfully to solve a case Study based on one of the main Portuguese cascaded hydro systems, requiring a negligible computational time.

Short-term electricity prices forecasting in a competetive market by a hybrid Pso-Anfis approach

In this paper, a novel hybrid approach is proposed for electricity prices forecasting in a competitive market, considering a time horizon of 1 week. The proposed approach is based on the combination of particle swarm optimization and adaptive-network based fuzzy inference system. Results from a case study based on the electricity market of mainland Spain are presented. A thorough comparison is carried out, taking into account the results of previous publications, to demonstrate its effectiveness regarding forecasting accuracy and computation time. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Maquinagem não convencional sobre placas compósitas

A utilização de materiais compósitos tem crescido nas últimas décadas em virtude do seu baixo peso, elevada resistência e rigidez. A furação de placas compósitas é um desafio que se coloca às indústrias que trabalham com este tipo de materiais, sendo frequente o recurso a ferramentas convencionais, normalmente utilizadas na construção mecânica, com adaptações. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma técnica não convencional baseada na furação por jacto de areia sendo avaliadas as descontinuidades causadas em placas compósitas. Durante este processo de furação, as camadas da placa não resistem o tempo necessário para concluir a perfuração, aquecendo e fragmentando- se, e a areia, com o impacto, perde rapidamente o poder abrasivo. Além disso, o tempo necessário para completar com sucesso a operação seria superior a 5 horas, uma vez que a primeira etapa de jateamento durou aproximadamente uma hora, sendo necessário no fim da mesma repor um novo isolamento devido desgaste sofrido. Nesse momento da operação o progresso obtido era imperceptível. O trabalho experimental realizado permite concluir que a furação por jacto de areia, utilizando um compressor com um caudal de 1700 l/min e jateadora de sucção, não se mostra uma ferramenta promissora para executar operações de furação em placas compósitas.

Tool geometry evaluation for carbon reinforced composite laminates

The use of composite laminates in complex structures has increased significantly. However, there are still some issues when considering their use, mainly related with machining, leading to some difficulties and lack of acceptance. In this work, a methodology to evaluate drill geometry and feed rate based on thrust force and delamination extension is presented.

Evaluation of tools and cutting conditions on carbon fibre reinforced laminates

The distinctive characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, like low weight or high specific strength, had broadened their use to new fields. Due to the need of assembly to structures, machining operations like drilling are frequent. In result of composites inhomogeneity, this operation can lead to different damages that reduce mechanical strength of the parts in the connection area. From these damages, delamination is the most severe. A proper choice of tool and cutting parameters can reduce delamination substantially. In this work the results obtained with five different tool geometries are compared. Conclusions show that the choice of an adequate drill can reduce thrust forces, thus delamination damage.

Drilling damage in composite material

The characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced laminates have widened their use from aerospace to domestic appliances, and new possibilities for their usage emerge almost daily. In many of the possible applications, the laminates need to be drilled for assembly purposes. It is known that a drilling process that reduces the drill thrust force can decrease the risk of delamination. In this work, damage assessment methods based on data extracted from radiographic images are compared and correlated with mechanical test results—bearing test and delamination onset test—and analytical models. The results demonstrate the importance of an adequate selection of drilling tools and machining parameters to extend the life cycle of these laminates as a consequence of enhanced reliability.