Commentary on Warburton's Letter from an Author (1747)

The first of a number of public commentaries contributing to the mid-eighteenth century debate over the nature of literary property (see also: An Enquiry into the Nature of Literary Property (uk_1762a); An Argument in Defence of Literary Property (uk_1774a)).
Warburton, a strong proponent of the common law rights of the author, provided the first significant commentary upon the nature and classification of property and its relevance to, and relationship with, an author's work. Part of this commentary discusses Warburton's attempts to articulate a clear conceptual distinction between the claim of an inventor to the protection of a patent provided by the state, and the natural right of an author to the property in his work.

Stem cells for enhancing recovery after stroke: a review

The potential application for stem cell therapy is vast, and development for use in ischaemic stroke is still in its infancy. Access to stem cells for research is contentious; however, stem cells are obtainable from both animal and human. Despite a limited understanding of their mechanisms of action, clinical trials assessing stem cells in human stroke have been performed. Trials are also underway evaluating haematopoietic precursors mobilised with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, an approach offering an autologous means of administrating stem cells for therapeutic purposes. This review summarises current knowledge in regard to stem cells and their potential for helping improve recovery after stroke.

El pintor Francisco Zorrilla y Luna (1679-1747)

El presente trabajo de investigación está dedicado a estudiar al pintor Francisco Zorrilla y Luna (1679-1747), natural de la villa riojana de Haro pero que desarrolló prácticamente toda su carrera artística en Madrid, lo que justifica que su estilo entronque con la escuela madrileña de finales del siglo XVII, con la que se formó, recogiendo las influencias de los pintores cortesanos, nacionales y extranjeros, con los que coincidió en las primeras décadas del siglo XVIII. El primer capítulo lo hemos dedicado a trazar su biografía: los primeros años en su villa natal, la llegada a Madrid en fechas tan tempranas como 1698 y, tras los difíciles años de la Guerra de sucesión, su asentamiento en la Corte donde a lo largo de más de dos décadas lo encontramos plenamente integrado en la sociedad madrileña, haciéndose un hueco en su panorama artístico y en la que realizó la mayor parte de sus obras, hasta su regreso a Haro en 1742. Nos ha preocupado especialmente hacerle partícipe de la sociedad de su época, interesándonos sobremanera conocer cuáles fueron las relaciones que mantuvo, al estar convencidos de que en muchos casos las personas de su entorno posibilitaron que fuese a él a quien se le encomendase un determinado trabajo. En cuanto a su actividad, nos ha resultado de sumo interés encontrarlo al frente de una Academia, establecida en su domicilio, así como la defensa que Francisco Zorrilla, entre otros, hicieron de la Pintura como Arte liberal, pues vemos en ello el germen que, años más tarde, fructificó en la creación de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. Tras un apartado dedicado a su labor como tasador, dedicamos los últimos capítulos a estudiar el catálogo de su obra pictórica, realizado de forma cronológica, donde damos a conocer las pinturas, dibujos para estampas, decorados teatrales y tareas de restauración por él realizados, destinados a una clientela diversa, pues trabajó para particulares, cofradías, ayuntamientos y, especialmente, para diversas órdenes religiosas, destacando las series dedicadas a santos de la orden trinitaria, tanto descalzos como calzados, que adornaban los claustros de los conventos de Madrid y Alcalá de Henares, así como las obras realizadas para el monasterio benedictino de San Martín de Madrid o de personas a él vinculadas, como los obispos de Mondoñedo, Osma y Almería...

Exiled Wind Ensemble Chamber Winds Timothy Salzman, conductor October 23, 2016

Concert Program

Growth And Body Composition In Brazilian Female Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes.

The aim was to analyse the physical growth and body composition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to their level of somatic maturation. This was a cross-sectional study of 136 athletes on 23 teams from Brazil. Mass, standing height and sitting height were measured. Fat-free and fat masses, body fat percentages and ages of the predicted peak height velocity (PHV) were calculated. The z scores for mass were negative during all ages according to both WHO and Brazilian references, and that for standing height were also negative for all ages according to WHO reference but only until 12 years old according to Brazilian reference. The mean age of the predicted PHV was 12.1 years. The mean mass, standing and sitting heights, body fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass increased significantly until 4 to 5 years after the age of the PHV. Menarche was reached in only 26% of these athletes and mean age was 13.2 years. The mass was below the national reference standards, and the standing height was below only for the international reference, but they also had late recovery of mass and standing height during puberty. In conclusion, these athletes had a potential to gain mass and standing height several years after PHV, indicating late maturation.

Contribution Of Antepartum And Intrapartum Hemorrhage To The Burden Of Maternal Near Miss And Death In A National Surveillance Study

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of severe obstetric complications associated with antepartum and intrapartum hemorrhage among women from the Brazilian Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity.Design Multicenter cross-sectional study.Setting Twenty-seven obstetric referral units in Brazil between July 2009 and June 2010.Population A total of 9555 women categorized as having obstetric complications.Methods The occurrence of potentially life-threatening conditions, maternal near miss and maternal deaths associated with antepartum and intrapartum hemorrhage was evaluated. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and the use of criteria for management of severe bleeding were also assessed in these women.Main outcome measures The prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals adjusted for the cluster effect of the design, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors independently associated with the occurrence of severe maternal outcome.Results Antepartum and intrapartum hemorrhage occurred in only 8% (767) of women experiencing any type of obstetric complication. However, it was responsible for 18.2% (140) of maternal near miss and 10% (14) of maternal death cases. On multivariate analysis, maternal age and previous cesarean section were shown to be independently associated with an increased risk of severe maternal outcome (near miss or death).Conclusion Severe maternal outcome due to antepartum and intrapartum hemorrhage was highly prevalent among Brazilian women. Certain risk factors, maternal age and previous cesarean delivery in particular, were associated with the occurrence of bleeding.

O desafio da descentralização do Sistema Único de Saúde em município de grande porte: o caso de São Paulo, Brasil

A descentralização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ainda enfrenta importantes desafios, em particular a busca de alternativas para grandes municípios. Por se caracterizar como um processo eminentemente político, variáveis político-institucionais, dentre as quais se destaca a capacidade de gestão do nível local, são determinantes para a conformação da descentralização em cada contexto. Utilizando o referencial do triângulo de governo para avaliar a capacidade de gestão, realizou-se um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de analisar o processo de descentralização do SUS no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, a maior metrópole brasileira. Pela análise de entrevistas com gestores selecionados e documentos da gestão, identificou-se um movimento de centralização da saúde na gestão municipal 2005-2008, acompanhado do desconcerto das estruturas locorregionais da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, o que resultou no esvaziamento técnico e político dessas instâncias. Apesar dos limites da descentralização, destaca-se sua potência enquanto estratégia operacional para alcançar os objetivos do SUS. Aponta-se a necessidade de retomar o processo de descentralização da saúde no Município de São Paulo que, além de avançar para instâncias locorregionais, esteja articulado à descentralização da gestão pública municipal.