891 resultados para Guerra Fría, comunismo,
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Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC
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Pós-graduação em História - FCHS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) foi um generalprussiano que teve como um de seus principaislegados uma obra clássica, “Da guerra”, umareferência obrigatória sobre o fenômeno bélico.Escrita provavelmente entre 1812 e 1831, foipublicada postumamente graças ao esforço de suamulher Marie von Clausewitz (ARON, 1986a); foi oprincipal resultado de experiência e enormeelaboração de vasta obra do general prussiano,soldado do exército prussiano desde 1792 ecombatente nas guerras napoleônicas semprecontrariamente à França comandada por NapoleãoBonaparte. mesmo quando a Prússia se aliou aNapoleão após ser derrotada. Naquele momento,Clausewitz renunciou à sua patente como oficial noexército prussiano e se alistou no exército russo;desempenhou papel importante na retirada daPrússia da aliança pró-França quando o GrandArmée napoleônico bateu em retirada em suamalsucedida campanha na Rússia. Reintegrado aoexército prussiano e à sua patente, Clausewitzparticipou de teatros de operações secundários nasações decisivas até a derrota definitiva deNapoleão; suas convicções antinapoleônicas lhecustaram desconfiança e um preço muito caro: apartir de então, sua ascensão até o generalatorenderam-lhe posições secundárias eadministrativas sem comando de tropas, dentreelas, a direção da Academia Militar de Berlim. Nofinal deste contexto foi escrita “Da guerra”.
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The implantation of military regimes in South America, from the mid-1960s, happened in the context of the Cold War. As a result, both the occurrence of military coups and the plans and actions for the national defense of the Southern Cone States occurred following the logic of that period and the concept of hemispheric defense preached by the United States, with priority in combating the so-called internal subversion. Thus, the need to combat the “internal enemy” has led these countries to participate in hemispheric mechanisms or create his own arrangements for coordination. The article starts from the conflict hypothesis used by the military governments in their military planning to analyze the actions carried out against leftist movements, including coordination between the governments of the Southern Cone. The understanding of the defense concepts against Soviet communism allows us to understand that the groups placed against the military governments were seen as a danger to the State and, in that “state of war”, the means justified the ends.
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Abstract: The civil war in the former Yugoslavia (1991 - 1995) had a strong ethnicreligious component. In an attempt to maintain the cohesion of an artificially created state post-first World War, identities were sought and accepted - and institutionalized - the differences between the various peoples that constituted the "land of the South Slavs". From the 1980s the differences were highlighted during the war and taken to the extreme, especially in the territories of Croatia and BosniaHerzegovina. From literature and the author's personal experience and using concepts of culture, ethnicity, identity, difference, belonging, nation and state, the text shows how the ethnic-religious differences were used during the civil war in Yugoslavia to claim possession of territories, strengthen discourse of the impossibility of coexistence, overvalue potential threats and fear and justify the perpetration of crimes against humanity.
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The aim of this text is to draft an answer to the following questions: What is the relationship between war and politics in Antonio Gramsci’s thought? How is it possible to make a relationship of war and politics according to Gramsci with Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz’s same themes? The main hypothesis of this article points to understand that war as a metaphor of politics approach – predominant point in Gramsci’s approach of war – has a broader meaning that war as an interstate conflict, which is Clausewitz’s concept. Although the war is connected with politics in both authors, interstate conflict has a stronger emphasis in clausewitzian sense and a wider sense of war as politics is found in gramscian approach.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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