Fatḥ al-ʻazīz li-ahl al-tamyīz : manuscript, [ca. 1686]

Written in one column, 17 lines per page, in black rubricated in red, framed within triple red, golden and black lines.

al- Risālah al-thānīyah min rasāʼil al-ʻAllāmah al-Shaykh ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Tājūrī : manuscript, [ca. 1635]

Written in one column, 25 lines per page, in black and red.

Ḥikāyāt al-anbiyāʼ : manuscript, [ca. 1605]

Cream laid paper with watermarks. 19.9 x 14.3 cm (16.5 x 10 cm.)

Stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data of Globigerinoides ruber white, water stable oxygen isotope data, SST and MAT records of sediment core GeoB6211-2

During Termination 1, millennial-scale weakening events of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) supposedly produced major changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the western South Atlantic, and in mean air temperatures (MATs) over southeastern South America. It has been suggested, for instance, that the Brazil Current (BC) would strengthen (weaken) and the North Brazil Current (NBC) would weaken (strengthen) during slowdown (speed-up) events of the AMOC. This anti-phase pattern was claimed to be a necessary response to the decreased North Atlantic heat piracy during periods of weak AMOC. However, the thermal evolution of the western South Atlantic and the adjacent continent is so far largely unknown. Here we address this issue, presenting high-temporal-resolution SST and MAT records from the BC and southeastern South America, respectively. We identify a warming in the western South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), which is followed first by a drop and then by increasing temperatures during the Bølling-Allerød, in phase with an existing SST record from the NBC. Additionally, a similar SST evolution is shown by a southernmost eastern South Atlantic record, suggesting a South Atlantic-wide pattern in SST evolution during most of Termination 1. Over southeastern South America, our MAT record shows a two-step increase during Termination 1, synchronous with atmospheric CO2 rise (i.e., during the second half of HS1 and during the Younger Dryas), and lagging abrupt SST changes by several thousand years. This delay corroborates the notion that the long duration of HS1 was fundamental in driving the Earth out of the last glacial.

Uvigerina spp. d18O and Mg/Ca measurements from sediment cores JR244-GC528 and MD07-3076

Explanations of the glacial-interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO2 invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a "chemical divide" between intermediate and deep water in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/Ca-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected d18O measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South Atlantic water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22-2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer d13C and foraminifer/coral 14C. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO2, whereas the density destratification of the deep South Atlantic lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO2 during the late deglacial period. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed.

Compilation of Mg/Ca ratios of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and SST estimates from the northern North Atlantic

A map of estimated calcification temperatures of the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral (TNps) for the Nordic Seas and the northern North Atlantic for the Last Glacial Maximum was produced from oxygen isotopes with support of Mg/Ca ratios. To arrive at the reconstruction, several constraints concerning the plausible salinity and ?18O-fields were employed. The reconstruction indicates inflow of temperate waters in a wedge along the eastern border of the Nordic Seas and at least seasonally ice-free waters. The reconstruction from oxygen isotopes shows similarities with Mg/Ca based paleotemperatures in the southern and southeastern sector, while unrealistically high Mg/Ca values in the central Nordic Seas prevent the application of the method in this area. The oxygen isotope based reconstruction shows some agreement with temperature reconstructions based on the modern analogue technique, but with somewhat lower temperatures and a stronger internal gradient inside the Nordic Seas. All told, our results suggest a much more ice-free and dynamic high latitude ocean than the CLIMAP reconstruction.

Demanda de responsabilidad contra los magistrados del Supremo tribunal de justicia ante la h. Ca��mara de diputados.

Cover-title.

La verdad de lo ocurrido en el Banco Argandoña y en la carretera "Bruce, Chessor & Ca." /

Mode of access: Internet.

Salem Township (Mich.) residences, ca. 1874

Left to right: Res. of Daniel T. Birch, Sec. 31, Salem Tp. Mich.; Res. of J.L. Bennett, Sec. 15, Salem Tp. Mich.; Res. of Calvin Wheeler, Sec. 27, Salem Tp. Mich.; Res. of G.N.B. Renwick, Sec 27, Salem Tp. Mich.; Res. of Eli O. Smith, Sec 14, Salem Tp. Mich.; Res. of T.B. Gorton, Sec 3. Salem Tp. Mich. Publication information: Chicago, Ill. : Everts & Stewart, 1874.

Northfield and Salem Township (Mich.) residences, ca. 1874

Left to right: Res. of Geo. Sutton, Sec 34, Northfield Tp. Mich.; Res. of Geo. Renwick, Sec. 26, Northfield Tp., Mich.; Res. of A.C. Northrop, Sec. 10, Salem Tp. Mich.; Res. of Nelson Brundage, Sec. 35, Northfield Tp. Mich. (na5543); Res. of Dr. N.S. Halleck, Sec. 5, Northfield, Mich. Publication information: Chicago, Ill. : Everts & Stewart, 1874.