Processo de diferenciação gonodal em Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum e tentativa de feminilização com 17β-estradiol

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Florística vascular não arbórea de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual no munícipio de Analândia - SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Correlação entre uso da terra e qualidade da água subterrânea

Este trabalho descreve a correlação entre parâmetros de uso da terra (área agricultada, área edificada, pastagem, solo exposto e vegetação intermediária) e de qualidade da água subterrânea (pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos - STD, K+, Na+, Fe+3, Ca+2, Mg+2, NO2 -, NO3 -, P total e coliformes), no sul do estado do Espírito Santo. A delimitação da área de influência de poços e a identificação das classes de uso da terra foram feitas utilizando-se Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Por meio da análise de correlação canônica, foi possível estimar dois índices: índice de uso da terra e índice de qualidade da água, ambos padronizados. A correlação canônica foi significativa entre o primeiro par de variáveis canônicas, indicando relação linear entre os grupos. Desta forma, é possível afirmar que o uso da terra influenciou a qualidade da água subterrânea, principalmente pelo incremento da concentração de alguns elementos químicos.

Characterization of the chemical composition of the essential oils from Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' and Annona squamosa L.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' e Annona squamosa L. As espécies foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, com aplicação semanal de solução nutritiva até completar 18 meses, quando se realizaram a colheita e a secagem das folhas para a extração do óleo essencial, analisado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas, para estudo dos perfis químicos. Onze substâncias majoritárias foram encontradas no óleo essencial de A. emarginata: (E)-cariofileno-29,29%; (Z)-cariofileno-16,86%; γ-muroleno-7,54%; α-pineno-13,86%; tricicleno-10,04%. No óleo de A. squamosa, 10 substâncias foram detectadas, entre elas: (E)-cariofileno-28.71%; (Z)-cariofileno-14,46%; α-humuleno-4,41%; canfeno-18,10%; α-pineno-7,37%, e β-pineno-8,71%; longifoleno-5,64%; majoritárias. (E)-cariofileno; (Z)-cariofileno; α-humuleno; canfeno; α-pineno, e β-pineno foram as seis substâncias comuns às duas espécies.

Etnobotânica de Leguminosae entre agricultores agroecológicos na Floresta Atlântica, Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study describes the richness of Leguminosae used by 21 traditional farmers in coffee agroforestry systems (AFS) and forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It also presents the use categories, relative importance and the species similarity between the AFSs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, between August 2005 and November 2006, directed during random walks in seven AFSs and forest fragments surrounding the State Park of Serra do Brigadeiro. The farmers cited 59 species of Leguminosae, of which 86% are native to the Atlantic Forest and used in ancient cultural practices, such as to make bullock carts. Twelve categories of use were established, among them the most important were fertilizer and firewood (21 spp each); in the AFSs, species used for soil fertilization (18 spp) are the most utilized, and in the forest, the species for firewood and technology (17 spp.) The relative importance index showed that in the forest, Piptadenia gonoacantha showed 83% of agreement for the use as wood for fencing pastures, while in the AFSs, Inga edulis scored 100% as food. The AFSs studied show little similarity of species (0.42 of the Sorensen scale), due to the selection promoted by the farmers, thus, providing room for the conservation of useful species of Leguminosae.

Distribuição espacial de atributos químicos do solo em área de pastagem e floresta

The knowledge on spatial distribution of soil properties by means of geostatistics is important as an indicator for a better soil use and management. This study aimed at evaluating the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties, in a forest and pasture area in Manicoré, Amazonas State, Brazil. Grids with 70.00 m x 70.00 m, with regular spacing of 10.00 m x 10.00 m, totaling 64 points, were established, and then soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.0-0.20 m and 0.40-0.60 m and had their chemical properties determined. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and the sampling density analysis was based on the coefficient of variation and semivariograms range. The mean and median values were adjusted to the closest values, indicating normal distribution, while the spherical, exponential and gaussian models were adjusted to the soil chemical properties. It was concluded that the geostatistics provided adequate information for understanding the spatial distribution. The forest area showed a higher spatial continuity and the pasture area a lower sampling density. The chemical properties showed differences in the spatial variability, while the range represented better the estimates for sampling density and spacing, in the forest and pasture area.

Geoestatística na avaliação dos atributos físicos em latossolo sob floresta nativa e pastagem na Região de Manicoré, Amazonas

The use of geostatistical techniques allows detection of the existence of dependence and the spatial distribution of soil properties, thus constituting an important tool in the analysis and detailed description of the behavior of soil physical properties. The aim of the present study was to use geostatistics in assessment of physical properties in a Latossolo (Oxisol) dystrophic under native forest and pasture in the Amazon region of Manicore. Grids with of 70 x 70 m were established in native forest and pasture, and points were marked in these grids spaced at every 10 m, for a total of 64 points. These points were then georeferenced and in each one, soil samples (128) were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.20 and 0.40-0.60 m for a survey of their physical properties. These grids are parallel at a distance of 100 m from one another. The following determinations were made: texture, bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and aggregate stability in water. After tabulating the data, descriptive statistical analysis and geostatistical analysis were performed. The pasture had a slight variation in its physical properties in relation to native forest, with a high coefficient of variation and weak spatial dependence. The scaled semivariograms were able to satisfactorily reproduce the spatial behavior of the properties in the same pattern as the individual semivariograms, and the use of the parameter range of the semivariogram was efficient for determining the optimal sampling density for the environments under study. The geostatistical results indicate that the removal of native forest for establishing pasture altered the natural variability of the physical properties.

Educação e trabalho em movimentos sociais: princípios educativos transcendentes e comuns ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), aos socialistas utópicos owenistas e aos cartistas britânicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade de Bacillus thuringiensis e seus genes cry e vip em amostras metagenômicas de DNA extraído do solo com cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e solo de floresta nativa em estações climáticas diferentes

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Atividade de morcegos em cinco hábitats de uma paisagem fragmentada de Floresta Atlântica do sul do Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Recursos através dos ecossistemas: insetos aquáticos emergentes subsidiam comunidade de aranhas ripárias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biogeografia histórica e conservação das serpentes da floresta pluvial atlântica costeira do Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise do processo de adoção/construção de conhecimentos pelos agricultores familiares do assentamento banco da terra, Nova Xavantina - MT

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Precipitação e aporte de nutrientes em diferentes estádios sucessionais de Floresta Atlântica, Pinheiral - RJ

Forest cover has importance within the context of the water balance of a particular site and may alter the mechanism of entry of water and nutrients to the soil surface. The aim of this study was to quantify the net precipitation, interception, addition of nutrients in throughfall and stem flow in a forest in different stages of regeneration of Mata Atlantica: early-stage secondary forest (ESSF), intermediary stage secondary forest (ISSF) and advanced stage secondary forest (AESF). The study was conducted in Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. The data collection was performed during the period of April 2009 to March 2010. The values of incident precipitation, effective precipitation and interception were similar among the three stages evaluated. The AESF area showed higher values of Mg and P in the addition of nutrients from throughfall compared with other areas assessed. The pH of the precipitation incident did not differ among areas, but was higher than the pH of rainfall. The three areas evaluated showed no difference in the addition of nutrients to flow through the trunk. The AESF area showed a trend of higher levels of addition of nutrients from throughfall precipitation and runoff from stemflow.

Relações entre variáveis ambientais e anfíbios anuros em áreas de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecidual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)