Operator, organizational, field and depot maintenance manual : rectifiers RA-87 and RA-87A.

"October 1963."

Field and depot maintenance manual : test sets, electron tube TV-7/U, TV-7A/U, TV-7B/U, and TV-7D/U.

"30 June 1960."

Organizational, field, and depot maintenance manual : signal generators AN/USM-44 and AN/USM-44A.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, field, and depot maintenance manual : transistor test set TS-1836/U.

"12 December 1983"--Change no. 3.

International Experiences – is there an effect on intercultural sensitivity? : An explorative study conducted at Stockholm University

The presented research is an explorative study, aimed to identify differences in intercultural sensitivity of Swedish students with international experience, Swedish students with no international experiences and international students studying at Stockholm University. The research is placed within the field of higher education. International experiences are seen to be a key to intercultural competences and it is universities who need to prepare students for the demands of the globalized job market. The research is of qualitative nature and relevant data was collected by the means of semi- structured interviews. The data was coded according to qualitative thematic analysis and then analyzed and discussed in accordance to the researcher questions and existing literature in this field. The study revealed that there is no general difference in intercultural sensitivity between the three groups analyzed. However, international students show higher sensitivity in terms of respect of cultural differences and open-mindedness, while students with no international experiences show less sensitivity in terms of interaction involvement and suspending judgment. The identified themes offer valuable information on individual perceptions of cultural differences. This information can be used to improve measures and actions to increase intercultural sensitivity at Stockholm University.

Out-of-School English and the possible effect it has on Second Language Acquisition : - a study on how students with different backgrounds acquire the English language outside of school

Second language acquisition is a field that has fascinated linguists for numerous years and is a topic that is very much connected to how English teachers in Sweden try to teach the English language to the students in their classrooms. In 2009 Sundqvist examined what possible effects extramural English could have on learners' oral proficiency and their vocabulary. In her study she found out that extramural English “is an independent variable and a possible path to progress in English” (Sundqvist, 2009, p. i).  In 2014, three Swedish secondary- and upper secondary school teachers started a project for the Erasmus+. These three teachers tried to create better teaching conditions and to come up with new methods for teaching English. During their investigation they noticed that students who had only been in Sweden for four years or less, seemed to get less exposed to English in their spare time than native Swedish students, which created a disadvantage for them. Since the time when these two studies were carried out, the number of immigrants has increased drastically, which creates the need for further investigation within this area of second language acquisition. In this study, I therefore investigate how much and in what way students come in contact with the English language outside of school. I also examine if there are any differences between native Swedish students versus non-native Swedish students and if so, how this might affect the students and their grades in English. The study was conducted through the use of questionnaires and through observations of different teaching situations, including the participating teachers' methods and the participating students' reactions. The results show that there are differences between native- and non-native students when it comes to extramural English activities. The results also show that these differences seem to affect the students' grades in English, in favour of the native Swedish students. The native students tend to spend more time on extramural English activities, especially in connection to the Internet and computer games, than the non-native students. These results indicate that something needs to be done in order to compensate for the non-native students' disadvantage.

Initiation of fungal epizootics in diamondback moth populations within a large field cage: proof of concept for auto-dissemination

Adult diamondback moths (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), inoculated with the fungus Zoophthora radicans, were released within a large field cage containing DBM-infested potted broccoli plants. Larvae and pupae on exposed and caged control plants were examined on five occasions over the next 48 days for evidence of Z. radicans infection. Infected larvae were first detected on exposed plants 4 days after the initial release of adults, and after 48 days the infection level reached 79%. Aerially borne conidia were a factor in transmission of the fungus. Infection had no effect on possible losses of larval and adult cadavers due to scavengers in field crops. In a trial to measure the influence of infection on dispersal, twice as many non-infected as infected males were recaptured in pheromone traps, although the difference in cumulative catch only became significant 3 days after release of the males. In a separate experiment, when adult moths were inoculated with Beauveria bassiana conidia and released into the field cage, DBM larvae collected from 37 of 96 plants sampled 4 days later subsequently died from B. bassiana infection. The distribution of plants from which the infected larvae were collected was random, but the distribution of infected larvae was clustered within the cage. These findings suggest that the auto-dissemination of fungal pathogens may be a feasible strategy for DBM control, provided that epizootics can be established and maintained when DBM population densities are low.

A statistical approach to predict the effect of confinement on the detonation velocity of commercial explosives

Commercial explosives behave non-ideally in rock blasting. A direct and convenient measure of non-ideality is the detonation velocity. In this study, an alternative model fitted to experimental unconfined detonation velocity data is proposed and the effect of confinement on the detonation velocity is modelled. Unconfined data of several explosives showing various levels of nonideality were successfully modelled. The effect of confinement on detonation velocity was modelled empirically based on field detonation velocity measurements. Confined detonation velocity is a function of the ideal detonation velocity, unconfined detonation velocity at a given blasthole diameter and rock stiffness. For a given explosive and charge diameter, as confinement increases detonation velocity increases. The confinement model is implemented in a simple engineering based non-ideal detonation model. A number of simulations are carried out and analysed to predict the explosive performance parameters for the adopted blasting conditions.

The effect of forearm support on musculoskeletal discomfort during call centre work

Using a computer keyboard with the forearms unsupported has been proposed as a causal factor for neck/shoulder and arm/hand diagnoses. Recent laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that forearm support might be preferable to working in the traditional floating posture. The aim of this study was to determine whether providing forearm Support when using a normal computer workstation would decrease musculoskeletal discomfort in intensive computer users in a call centre. A randomised controlled study (n = 59), of 6 weeks duration was conducted. Thirty participants (Group 1) were allocated to forearm support using the desk surface with the remainder (Group 2) acting as a control group. At 6 weeks, the control group was also set up with forearm support. Both groups were then monitored for another 6 weeks. Questionnaires were used at 1, 6 and 12 weeks to obtain information about discomfort, workstation setup, working posture and comfort. Nine participants (Group 1 n = 6, Group 2 n = 3) withdrew within a week of commencing forearm support either due to discomfort or difficulty in maintaining the posture. At 6 weeks, the group using forearm support generated significantly fewer reports of discomfort in the neck and back, although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. At 12 weeks, there were fewer reports of neck, back and wrist discomfort when preintervention discomfort was compared with post intervention discomfort. These findings indicate that for the majority of users, forearm support may be preferable to the floating Posture implicit in current guidelines for computer workstation setup. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of finite bandwidth squeezed light on entanglement creation in the Dicke model

We analyse the relation between local two-atom and total multi-atom entanglements in the Dicke system composed of a large number of atoms. We use concurrence as a measure of entanglement between two atoms in the multi-atom system, and the spin squeezing parameter as a measure of entanglement in the whole n-atom system. In addition, the influence of the squeezing phase and bandwidth on entanglement in the steady-state Dicke system is discussed. It is shown that the introduction of a squeezed field leads to a significant enhancement of entanglement between two atoms, and the entanglement increases with increasing degree of squeezing and bandwidth of the incident squeezed field. In the presence of a coherent field the entanglement exhibits a strong dependence on the relative phase between the squeezed and coherent fields, that can jump quite rapidly from unentangled to strongly entangled values when the phase changes from zero to pi. We find that the jump of the degree of entanglement is due to a flip of the spin squeezing from one quadrature component of the atomic spin to the other component when the phase changes from zero to pi. We also analyse the dependence of the entanglement on the number of atoms and find that, despite the reduction in the degree of entanglement between two atoms, a large entanglement is present in the whole n-atom system and the degree of entanglement increases as the number of atoms increases.

The effect of timing and severity of water deficit on growth, development, yield accumulation and nitrogen fixation of mungbean

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), as a dryland grain legume, is exposed to varying timing and severity of water deficit, which results in variability in grain yield, nitrogen accumulation and grain quality. In this field study, mungbean crops were exposed to varying timing and severity of water deficit in order to examine: (1) contribution of the second flush of pods to final grain yield with variable timing of relief from water deficit, (2) the sensitivity to water deficit of the accumulation of biomass and nitrogen (N) and its partitioning to grain, and (3) how the timing of water deficit affects the pattern of harvest index (HI) increase through pod filling. The results showed that the contribution of the second flush to final yield is highly variable (1-56%) and can be considerable, especially where mid-season stress is relieved at early pod filling. The capacity to produce a second flush of pods did not compensate fully for yield reduction due to water stress. Relief from mid-season stress also resulted in continued leaf production, N-2 fixation and vegetative biomass accumulation during pod filling. Despite the wide variation in the degree of change in vegetative biomass and N during pod filling, there were strong relationships between grain yield and net-above-ground biomass at maturity, and grain N and above-ground N at maturity. Only in the extreme situations were HI and nitrogen HI affected noticeably. In those treatments where there was a large second flush of pods, there was a pronounced biphasic pattern to pod number production, with HI also progressing through two distinct phases of increase separated by a plateau. The proportion of grain yield contributed to by biomass produced before pod filling varied from 0 to 61% with the contribution greatest under terminal water deficit. There was a larger effect of water deficit on N accumulation, and hence N-2 fixation, than on biomass accumulation. The study confirmed the applicability of a number of long-standing physiological concepts to the analysis of the effect of water deficit on mungbean, but also highlighted the difficulty of accounting for timing effects of water deficit where second flushes of pods alter canopy development, biomass and yield accumulation, and N dynamics. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Urinary albumin levels in the normal range determine arterial wall thickness in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a FIELD substudy

Aim Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates are substantially higher among patients with Type 2 diabetes than in the general population. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods We measured the thickness of the intima media layer of the carotid artery, a strong predictor of the risk of future vascular events, in 397 Type 2 diabetic patients drawn from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes study, prior to treatment allocation. Results The mean IMT was 0.78 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 0.23 mm], and the maximum IMT was 1.17 mm (IQR 0.36 mm). By multivariate analysis, age, sex, duration of diabetes, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were independently correlated with IMT, as was urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) (P < 0.001). The effect of ACR on IMT was further examined by tertile. Clinically significant differences in IMT were associated with ACR > 0.65 mg/mmol, approximately one-fifth the standard clinical threshold for microalbuminuria (P < 0.01). Long-term diabetes, independent of other parameters, was associated with a 50% increase in age-related thickening. Conclusions IMT in people with Type 2 diabetes is independently and continuously related to urine albumin levels and to the duration of diabetes. These results support previous data linking urine albumin measurements within the normal range with increased ischaemic cardiac mortality in the setting of Type 2 diabetes, and strongly suggest that urine albumin levels within this range should trigger a formal evaluation for CVD.

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and its effect on the performance of PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests

Rising costs of antimalarial agents are increasing the demand for accurate diagnosis of malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer great potential to improve the diagnosis of malaria, particularly in remote areas. Many RDTs are based on the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein (PfHRP) 2, but reports from field tests have questioned their sensitivity and reliability. We hypothesize that the variability in the results of PfHRP2-based RDTs is related to the variability in the target antigen. We tested this hypothesis by examining the genetic diversity of PfHRP2, which includes numerous amino acid repeats, in 75 P. falciparum lines and isolates originating from 19 countries and testing a subset of parasites by use of 2 PfHRP2-based RDTs. We observed extensive diversity in PfHRP2 sequences, both within and between countries. Logistic regression analysis indicated that 2 types of repeats were predictive of RDT detection sensitivity (87.5% accuracy), with predictions suggesting that only 84% of P. falciparum parasites in the Asia-Pacific region are likely to be detected at densities

The effect of ionic strength variation and anion competition on the development of nitrate accumulations in variable charge subsoils

The leaching of N fertilisers has led to the formation of nitrate (NO3) accumulations in deep subsoils (>5 m depth) of the Johnstone River catchment. This paper outlines the chemical mechanism by which these NO3 accumulations are formed and maintained. This was achieved via a series of column experiments designed to investigate NO3 leaching in relation to the soil charge chemistry and the competition of anions for exchange sites. The presence of variable charge minerals has led to the formation positive surface charge within these profiles. An increase in the soil solution ionic strength accompanying the fertiliser leaching front acts to increase the positive (and negative) charge density, thus providing adsorption sites for NO3. A decrease in the soil solution ionic strength occurs after the fertiliser pulse moves past a point in the profile, due to dilution with incoming rainwater. Nitrate is then released from the exchange back into the soil solution, thus buffering the decrease in the soil solution ionic strength. Since NO3 was adsorbed throughout the profile in this experiment it does not effectively explain the situation occurring in the field. Previous observations of the sulfate (SO4) profile distribution indicated that large SO4 accumulations in the upper profile may influence the NO3 distribution through competition for adsorption sites. A subsequent experiment investigating the effect of SO4 additions on NO3 leaching showed that NO3 adsorption was minimal in the upper profile. Adsorption of NO3 did occur, though only in the region of the profile where SO4 occupancy was low, i.e. in the lower profile. Therefore, the formation of the NO3 accumulations is dependent on the variable charge mineralogy, the variation of charge density with soil solution ionic strength, and the effects of SO4 competition for adsorption sites.

Effect of harvest time and drying on supersweet sweet corn seed quality

A supersweet sweet corn hybrid, Pacific H5, was grown under field conditions in South-East Queensland to study the effects of harvest time and drying conditions on seed quality. Cobs were harvested at different times to obtain seed with two moisture percentage ranges (20-30% and 40-50%) and dried to 12% moisture under different combinations of drying temperatures (30 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C) and air velocities (1.25 m/s, 2.75 m/s and 4.30 m/s). Dried seed was stored at 30 degrees C with bimonthly monitoring of seed quality for 12 months. For standard as well as cold test germinations, statistical analysis yielded significant main effects for temperature, air velocity and harvest moisture content and significant interactions for drying temperature by harvest moisture and drying temperature by air velocity. Germination at the beginning of storage was unaffected by drying temperatures up to 40 degrees C regardless of harvest moisture but was lower at 50 degrees C for higher moisture. However, germination at the end of the storage period of 12 months was greatest for seed harvested at higher moisture and dried at temperatures up to 40 degrees C. Germination was not affected by air velocity for drying temperatures up to 40 degrees C but at 50 degrees C it generally decreased with increase in air velocity. To slow down seed deterioration during storage, it is recommended that sweet corn seed should be harvested at a higher moisture range (40-50%) and dried at 40 degrees C and 4.30 m/s air velocity. The drying temperature can be raised to 50 degrees C for seed harvested at a low moisture range (20-30%) provided the air velocity is kept low (1.25 m/s).