Changes in egg production of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) associated with appendage damage

Data collected during fish-ery-independent sampling programs were used to examine the impact of appendage damage (indicated by lost or regenerated legs and antennae) on the reproductive output of female western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus). Most of the damaged females sampled had one (53%), two (27%), or three (13%) appendages that had been lost or that were regenerating. Appendage damage was associated with the reduced probability of a female developing ovigerous setae; and if setae were produced, with the reduced probability that females would produce more than one batch of eggs within a season. These effects were more pronounced as the number of damaged appendages increased. From data collected in 2002, it was estimated that the total number of eggs produced by mature females caught in the fishery was significantly reduced (P<0.001) by 3–9% when the impact of appendage damage was included.

Effect of Neonatal Asphyxia on the Impairment of the Auditory Pathway by Recording Auditory Brainstem Responses in Newborn Piglets: A New Experimentation Model to Study the Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Damage on the Auditory Syste

Introduction Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major perinatal problem that results in severe damage to the brain impairing the normal development of the auditory system. The purpose of the present study is to study the effect of perinatal asphyxia on the auditory pathway by recording auditory brain responses in a novel animal experimentation model in newborn piglets. Method Hypoxia-ischemia was induced to 1.3 day-old piglets by clamping 30 minutes both carotid arteries by vascular occluders and lowering the fraction of inspired oxygen. We compared the Auditory Brain Responses (ABRs) of newborn piglets exposed to acute hypoxia/ischemia (n = 6) and a control group with no such exposure (n = 10). ABRs were recorded for both ears before the start of the experiment (baseline), after 30 minutes of HI injury, and every 30 minutes during 6 h after the HI injury. Results Auditory brain responses were altered during the hypoxic-ischemic insult but recovered 30-60 minutes later. Hypoxia/ischemia seemed to induce auditory functional damage by increasing I-V latencies and decreasing wave I, III and V amplitudes, although differences were not significant. Conclusion The described experimental model of hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets may be useful for studying the effect of perinatal asphyxia on the impairment of the auditory pathway.

Fishery damage compensation system of Japan

This paper introduces the fishery damage compensation system in Japan and suggests its suitability for other areas of the world.

Trawl-induced Damage to Sponges Observed From a Research Submersible

Three experimental trawl paths subjected to a single pass with the trawl in 1996 in about 200 m of water on the eastern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf were revisited in July 1997, 1 year post-trawl. Many large, erect sponges, the taxa impacted most significantly, had been removed or damaged by the trawl. Sponges in the cold, deep water of the Gulf of Alaska were slow to recover from trawling effects. These findings contrast with recovery times for shallow, warmwater sponges and may have fishery management implications for cold-water regions.

Verificação à fadiga estrutural de ponte em concreto armado.

As pontes rodoviárias de concreto armado estão sujeitas à ações dinâmicas variáveis devido ao tráfego de veículos sobre o tabuleiro. Estas ações dinâmicas nem sempre são corretamente consideradas pelos projetistas. Deste modo, a correta consideração destes aspectos mostra-se de fundamental importância, de forma a se avaliar os esforços dinâmicos oriundos do tráfego de veículos sobre o tabuleiro. De acordo com este contexto, a ponte rodoviária investigada nesta dissertação é constituída por duas vigas longitudinais, três transversinas, sendo uma central e duas sobre os apoios, e por um tabuleiro em concreto armado. O modelo computacional, desenvolvido para a análise dinâmica da ponte, foi concebido com base no emprego de técnicas usuais de discretização através do método dos elementos finitos. Os veículos são representados a partir de sistemas do tipo "massa-mola-amortecedor". O tráfego destes veículos é considerado mediante a simulação de comboios semi-infinitos, deslocando-se com velocidade constante sobre a ponte. As técnicas para a contagem de ciclos de tensões e a aplicação das regras de dano acumulado foram analisadas através das curvas S-N de diversas normas e recomendações internacionais vigentes que versam sobre o tema. As conclusões deste trabalho de pesquisa se referem à análise da resposta dinâmica bem como da vida útil de serviço da obra de arte rodoviária de concreto armado investigada, quando submetida às ações dinâmicas provenientes do tráfego de veículos pesados sobre o tabuleiro.