O novo paradigma do saber e os dispositivos urbanos para uma cidade educadora

Discusses the formation of urban apparatus that have characterized promote interaction, connection, inclusion and learning within the new paradigm of knowledge, which corresponds to the process of involvement/ knowledge propagation between space and urban space, caused by various combinations. Rescues the importance of physical space in the contemporary city before the increasing spread of cyberspace as one that many theorists seem to be the future of humanity. It also discusses the importance of knowledge in various fields such as Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and especially the Architecture and Urbanism, highlighting the need to think about the city according to this status of knowledge. Shows how the apparatus are found in urban public policy agenda. In this context, used as a model the polygonal 1 of the city of Vitória, consisting of eight communities that call themselves Território do Bem, focusing on how ownership and endogenous production of spaces contribute to the formation of urban apparatus. Also shows the performance of the city of Vitória through the Multiyear Plan 2010/2013, pointing out the actions and the programs that contribute to the formation of urban apparatus. The results show that the apparatus are tools of participatory urban management and city planning, contributing to the process of autonomy and social emancipation

Portugal’s Minho-Lima region as a tourist destination: tourism operators’ attitudes towards its management and promotion

The success of tourism development depends on the capacity of a region’s tourism agents to establish and sustain networks, involving both private-sector companies and the public sector. Creating an attractive destination able to compete with others that are better positioned and consolidated requires cooperative behaviour among the various agents involved. This behaviour will facilitate both external and internal competition, which in turn will assure better product quality, continuous product renewal, a strong offer of unique experiences and the efficient use of endogenous resources. In this paper, the authors discuss the results of a survey of restaurant owners and of interviews conducted with the main institutional agents concerned with tourism promotion and the economic development of the Minho–Lima region. Such an approach, the authors argue, can be valuable in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the area in question with regard to future tourism development. The authors work from the premise that the commitment of tourism agents constitutes a precondition for the success of the strategy to be defined. This is especially applicable to Minho–Lima, which to date has suffered from an absence of commitment and coordination on the part of those agents.

The Sticky Information Macro Model: Beyond Perfect Foresight

Sticky information monetary models have been used in the macroeconomic literature to explain some of the observed features regarding inflation dynamics. In this paper, we explore the consequences of relaxing the rational expectations assumption usually taken in this type of model; in particular, by considering expectations formed through adaptive learning, it is possible to arrive to results other than the trivial convergence to a fixed point long-term equilibrium. The results involve the possibility of endogenous cyclical motion (periodic and a-periodic), which emerges essentially in scenarios of hyperinflation. In low inflation settings, the introduction of learning implies a less severe impact of monetary shocks that, nevertheless, tend to last for additional time periods relative to the pure perfect foresight setup.

Measuring and Controlling the Chaotic Motion of Profits

The study of economic systems has generated deep interest in exploring the complexity of chaotic motions in economy. Due to important developments in nonlinear dynamics, the last two decades have witnessed strong revival of interest in nonlinear endogenous business chaotic models. The inability to predict the behavior of dynamical systems in the presence of chaos suggests the application of chaos control methods, when we are more interested in obtaining regular behavior. In the present article, we study a specific economic model from the literature. More precisely, a system of three ordinary differential equations gather the variables of profits, reinvestments and financial flow of borrowings in the structure of a firm. Firstly, using results of symbolic dynamics, we characterize the topological entropy and the parameter space ordering of kneading sequences, associated with one-dimensional maps that reproduce significant aspects of the model dynamics. The analysis of the variation of this numerical invariant, in some realistic system parameter region, allows us to quantify and to distinguish different chaotic regimes. Finally, we show that complicated behavior arising from the chaotic firm model can be controlled without changing its original properties and the dynamics can be turned into the desired attracting time periodic motion (a stable steady state or into a regular cycle). The orbit stabilization is illustrated by the application of a feedback control technique initially developed by Romeiras et al. [1992]. This work provides another illustration of how our understanding of economic models can be enhanced by the theoretical and numerical investigation of nonlinear dynamical systems modeled by ordinary differential equations.

Conceptual model for decomposing the value for the customer

Value has been defined in different theoretical contexts as need, desire, interest, standard /criteria, beliefs, attitudes, and preferences. The creation of value is key to any business, and any business activity is about exchanging some tangible and/or intangible good or service and having its value accepted and rewarded by customers or clients, either inside the enterprise or collaborative network or outside. “Perhaps surprising then is that firms often do not know how to define value, or how to measure it” (Anderson and Narus, 1998 cited by [1]). Woodruff echoed that we need “richer customer value theory” for providing an “important tool for locking onto the critical things that managers need to know”. In addition, he emphasized, “we need customer value theory that delves deeply into customer’s world of product use in their situations” [2]. In this sense, we proposed and validated a novel “Conceptual Model for Decomposing the Value for the Customer”. To this end, we were aware that time has a direct impact on customer perceived value, and the suppliers’ and customers’ perceptions change from the pre-purchase to the post-purchase phases, causing some uncertainty and doubts.We wanted to break down value into all its components, as well as every built and used assets (both endogenous and/or exogenous perspectives). This component analysis was then transposed into a mathematical formulation using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), so that the uncertainty and vagueness of value perceptions could be embedded in this model that relates used and built assets in the tangible and intangible deliverable exchange among the involved parties, with their actual value perceptions.

Effect of oxidative stress upon absorption of glucose by the human placenta: in vitro studies with BeWo cells

Pregnancy is a dynamic state and the placenta is a temporary organ that, among other important functions, plays a crucial role in the transport of nutrients and metabolites between the mother and the fetus, which is essential for a successful pregnancy. Among these nutrients, glucose is considered a primary source of energy and, therefore, fundamental to insure proper fetus development. Several studies have shown that glucose uptake is dependent on several morphological and biochemical placental conditions. Oxidative stress results from the unbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, in favor of the first. During pregnancy, ROS, and therefore oxidative stress, increase, due to increased tissue oxygenation. Moreover, the relation between ROS and some pathological conditions during pregnancy has been well established. For these reasons, it becomes essential to understand if oxidative stress can compromise the uptake of glucose by the placenta. To make this study possible, a trophoblastic cell line, the BeWo cell line, was used. Experiments regarding glucose uptake, either under normal or oxidative stress conditions, were conducted using tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) as an oxidative stress inducer, and 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose (3H-DG) as a glucose analogue. Afterwards, studies regarding the involvement of glucose facilitative transporters (GLUT) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways were conducted, also under normal and oxidative stress conditions. A few antioxidants, endogenous and from diet, were also tested in order to study their possible reversible effect of the oxidative effect of tBOOH upon apical 3H-DG uptake. Finally, transepithelial studies gave interesting insights regarding the apical-to-basolateral transport of 3H-DG. Results showed that 3H-DG uptake, in BeWo cells, is roughly 50% GLUT-mediated and that tBOOH (100 μM; 24h) decreases apical 3H-DG uptake in BeWo cells by about 33%, by reducing both GLUT- (by 28%) and non-GLUT-mediated (by 40%) 3H-DG uptake. Uptake of 3H-DG and the effect of tBOOH upon 3H-DG uptake are not dependent on PKC and PI3K. Moreover, the effect of tBOOH is not associated with a reduction in GLUT1 mRNA levels. Resveratrol, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, at 50 μM, reversed, by at least 45%, the effect of tBOOH upon 3H-DG uptake. Transwell studies show that the apical-to-basolateral transepithelial transport of 3H-DG is increased by tBOOH.In conclusion, our results show that tBOOH caused a marked decrease in both GLUT and non-GLUT-mediated apical uptake of 3H-DG by BeWo cells. Given the association of increased oxidative stress levels with several important pregnancy pathologies, and the important role of glucose for fetal development, the results of this study appear very interesting.

Distribuição dos receptores da adenosina no plexo mioentérico – músculo longitudinal do íleo de rato: implicações funcionais

A acetilcolina (ACh) é o neurotransmissor mais importante no controlo da motilidade gastrointestinal. A libertação de ACh dos neurónios entéricos é regulada por receptores neuronais específicos (De Man et al., 2003). Estudos prévios demonstraram que a adenosina exerce um papel duplo na libertação de ACh dos neurónios entéricos através da activação dos receptores inibitórios A1 e facilitatórios A2A (Duarte-Araújo et al., 2004). O potencial terapêutico dos compostos relacionados com a adenosina no controlo da motilidade e da inflamação intestinal, levou-nos a investigar o papel dos receptores com baixa afinidade para a adenosina, A2B e A3, na libertação de acetilcolina induzida por estimulação eléctrica nos neurónios mioentéricos. Estudos de imunolocalização mostraram que os receptores A2B exibem um padrão de distribuição semelhante ao do marcador de células gliais (GFAP). No que respeita aos receptores A1 e A3, estes encontram-se distribuídos principalmente nos corpos celulares dos neurónios ganglionares mioentéricos, enquanto os receptores A2A estão localizados predominantemente nos terminais nervosos colinérgicos. Neste trabalho mostrou-se que a modulação da libertação de ACh-[3H] (usando os antagonistas selectivos DPCPX, ZM241385 e MRS1191) é balanceada através da activação tónica dos receptores inibitórios (A1) e facilitatórios (A2A e A3) pela adenosina endógena. O antagonista selectivo dos receptores A2B, PSB603, não foi capaz de modificar o efeito inibitório da NECA (análogo da adenosina com afinidade para receptores A2). O efeito facilitatório do agonista dos receptores A3, 2-Cl-IB MECA (1-10 nM), foi atenuado pelo MRS1191 e pelo ZM241385, os quais bloqueiam respectivamente os receptores A3 e A2A. Contrariamente à 2-Cl-IB MECA, a activação dos receptores A2A pelo CGS21680C, atenuou a facilitação da libertação de ACh induzida pela activação dos receptores nicotínicos numa situação em que a geração do potencial de acção neuronal foi bloqueada pela tetrodotoxina. A localização diferencial dos receptores excitatórios A3 e A2A ao longo dos neurónios mioentéricos explica porque razão a estimulação dos receptores A3 (com 2-Cl-IB MECA) localizados nos corpos celulares dos neurónios mioentéricos exerce um efeito sinérgico com os receptores facilitatórios A2A dos terminais nervosos no sentido de aumentarem a libertação de ACh. Os resultados apresentados consolidam e expandem a compreensão actual da distribuição e função dos receptores da adenosina no plexo mioentérico do íleo de rato, e devem ser tidos em consideração para a interpretação de dados relativos às implicações fisiopatológicas da adenosina nos transtornos da motilidade intestinal.

Lacunas e oportunidades na era atual : uma análise aplicada aos Portos dos Açores, S.A.

Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais (Relatório de Estágio).

Perceção da contemporaneidade pelos pré-adolescentes: o que se aprende com a obra de arte

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Artística, na Especialização de Artes Plásticas na Educação

Logistic optimization in tourism networks

55th European Regional Science Association Congress, Lisbon, Portugal (25-28 August 2015).

Climatização passiva em edifício de serviços

Dissertação Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil no Ramo de Edificações

Towards a reliable technology for antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage evaluation: Electrochemical (bio)sensors

To counteract and prevent the deleterious effect of free radicals the living organisms have developed complex endogenous and exogenous antioxidant systems. Several analytical methodologies have been proposed in order to quantify antioxidants in food, beverages and biological fluids. This paper revises the electroanalytical approaches developed for the assessment of the total or individual antioxidant capacity. Four electrochemical sensing approaches have been identified, based on the direct electrochemical detection of antioxidant at bare or chemically modified electrodes, and using enzymatic and DNA-based biosensors.

Severe stress urinary incontinence: pelvic floor muscle training program

International guidelines recommend a first line therapy in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training. This case report assesses the effects of the PFM training program in treating women with severe SUI. The urodynamic parameters allow diagnosed intrinsic sphincter deficiency and urethral hypermobility. The subjective and objective parameters were assessed at the beginning and after six-month of PFM training program. This case report confirms the efficiency of the intensive training program in severe SUI. The medical implications of the PFM training as first treatment option reflect favourable individual results and additionally contribute to the selection of the non-invasive treatment, the reduction of the incidence collateral effects, low costs and that does not prevent future treatment options.

Evaluation of dynamic pass-through of carbon prices into electricity prices – a cointegrated VECM analysis

This paper addresses the impact of the CO2 opportunity cost on the wholesale electricity price in the context of the Iberian electricity market (MIBEL), namely on the Portuguese system, for the period corresponding to the Phase II of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). In the econometric analysis a vector error correction model (VECM) is specified to estimate both long–run equilibrium relations and short–run interactions between the electricity price and the fuel (natural gas and coal) and carbon prices. The model is estimated using daily spot market prices and the four commodities prices are jointly modelled as endogenous variables. Moreover, a set of exogenous variables is incorporated in order to account for the electricity demand conditions (temperature) and the electricity generation mix (quantity of electricity traded according the technology used). The outcomes for the Portuguese electricity system suggest that the dynamic pass–through of carbon prices into electricity prices is strongly significant and a long–run elasticity was estimated (equilibrium relation) that is aligned with studies that have been conducted for other markets.