914 resultados para Eccles, John


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The paper analyzes Karl Popper’s and John Eccles’ account of mind-matter interaction and compares their use of the concept of downward causation with other more recent accounts of it, especially those of Nancey Murphy and George Ellis. The argument includes John Polkinghorne’s take on Divine action, as it provides an interesting version of downward mind/matter-interaction. It will be argued that while downward causation is a speculative concept, it nevertheless remains the best approximation to a scientific perspective on mind/matter interaction that we can obtain. As a result, Popper’s and Eccles’ account seems to be more interesting in these regards than usually assumed, and should not continue to be overlooked in the debate.

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In this article I argue that the shift from a private to a public–social understanding of religion raises new ontological and epistemological questions for the scientific study of religion\s. These questions are deeply related to three central features of the emic– etic debate, namely the problems of intentionality, objectivity, and comparison. Focusing on these interrelated issues, I discuss the potential of John Searle’s philoso- phy of society for the scientific study of religion\s. Considering the role of intentional- ity at the social level, I present Searle’s concept of “social ontology” and discuss its epistemological implications. To clarify Searle’s position regarding the objectivity of the social sciences, I propose a heuristic model contrasting different stances within the scientific study of religion\s. Finally, I explore some problematic aspects of Searle’s views for a comparative study of religion\s, and sketch a solution within his frame- work. I shall argue that a distinction between the epistemological and ontological dimensions of religious affairs would help clarify the issues at stake in the past and future of the emic–etic debate.

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Ist der Geist des Menschen in der Lage, seinen eigenen Körper zu beherrschen? Und kann man sich Gottes Handeln in der Welt in einem Zeitalter der Wissenschaft noch vorstellen? Diese beiden Fragen scheinen zunächst sehr verschieden zu sein, sie haben aber etwas gemeinsam. Beide machen eigentlich keinen Sinn, wenn man davon ausgeht, dass das Universum vollständig von physikalischen Gesetzen determiniert ist. Denn dann gibt es einerseits keinen Platz für Gott, in diesem Universum, wenn es einmal entstanden ist, irgendetwas zu ändern. Andererseits ist dann so etwas wie ein freier Wille des Menschen ebenfalls nicht denkbar. Das freie Handeln eines göttlichen wie jedes menschlichen Akteurs liegt also außerhalb der Vorstellung der heutigen Naturwissenschaft. Eine zumindest im letzteren Falle zugegebenermaßen merkwürdig anmutende Einsicht.

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Arthur Ruppin

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