Understanding New Product Project Performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarize the accumulated body of knowledge on the performance of new product projects and provide directions for further research. Design/methodology/approach – Using a refined classification of antecedents of new product project performance the research results are meta-analyzed in the literature in order to identify the strength and stability of predictor-performance relationships. Findings – The results reveal that 22 variables have a significant relationship with new product project performance, of which only 12 variables have a sizable relationship. In order of importance these factors are the degree of organizational interaction, R&D and marketing interface, general product development proficiency, product advantage, financial/business analysis, technical proficiency, management skill, marketing proficiency, market orientation, technology synergy, project manager competency and launch activities. Of the 34 variables 16 predictors show potential for moderator effects. Research limitations/implications – The validity of the results is constrained by publication bias and heterogeneity of performance measures, and directions for the presentation of data in future empirical publications are provided. Practical implications – This study helps new product project managers in understanding and managing the performance of new product development projects. Originality/value – This paper provides unique insights into the importance of predictors of new product performance at the project level. Furthermore, it identifies which predictor-performance relations are contingent on other factors.

Low-complexity iterative method of equalization for single carrier with cyclic prefix in doubly selective channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) requires an expensive linear amplifier at the transmitter due to its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Single carrier with cyclic prefix (SC-CP) is a closely related transmission scheme that possesses most of the benefits of OFDM but does not have the PAPR problem. Although in a multipath environment, SC-CP is very robust to frequency-selective fading, it is sensitive to the time-selective fading characteristics of the wireless channel that disturbs the orthogonality of the channel matrix (CM) and increases the computational complexity of the receiver. In this paper, we propose a time-domain low-complexity iterative algorithm to compensate for the effects of time selectivity of the channel that exploits the sparsity present in the channel convolution matrix. Simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the standard linear minimum mean-square error (L-MMSE) equalizer for SC-CP.

Investigation Into The Effect of Varying L-leucine Concentration on the product characteristics of Spray-dried Liposome Powders

Spray-dried formulations offer an attractive delivery system for administration of drug encapsulated into liposomes to the lung, but can suffer from low encapsulation efficiency and poor aerodynamic properties. In this paper the effect of the concentration of the anti-adherent l-leucine was investigated in tandem with the protectants sucrose and trehalose. Two manufacturing methods were compared in terms of their ability to offer small liposomal size, low polydispersity and high encapsulation of the drug indometacin. Unexpectedly sucrose offered the best protection to the liposomes during the spray drying process, although formulations containing trehalose formed products with the best powder characteristics for pulmonary delivery; high glass transition values, fine powder fraction and yield. It was also found that l-leucine contributed positively to the characteristics of the powders, but that it should be used with care as above the optimum concentration of 0.5% (w/w) the size and polydispersity index increased significantly for both disaccharide formulations. The method of liposome preparation had no effect on the stability or encapsulation efficiency of spray-dried powders containing optimal protectant and anti-adherent. Using l-leucine at concentrations higher than the optimum level caused instability in the reconstituted liposomes.

ABSOLUTE DOUBLY DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS FOR ELECTRON-EMISSION IN COLLISIONS OF 3.5-MEV/U FE(17+) AND FE(22+) IONS WITH HE AND AR GAS TARGETS

Absolute doubly differential cross sections have been measured as a function of electron energy and angle of observation for electron emission in collisions of 3.5-MeV/u Fe17+ and Fe22+ ions with He and Ar gas targets under single-collision conditions. The measured electron emission cross sections are compared to theoretical and scaled cross sections based on the Born approximation. The results using intermediate-mass ions are discussed with reference to previously reported cross sections from collisions with highly charged lighter- and heavier-ion species at MeV/u projectile energies. The continuum-distorted-wave-eikonal-initial-state approximation shows good agreement with experiments except in the

PREDISSOCIATION OF H-3 N = 2 RYDBERG STATES - PRODUCT BRANCHING AND ISOTOPE EFFECTS

A translational spectroscopy technique is used to obtain predissociation kinetic energy release spectra from the lowest bound states of H-3, 2s 2A1' and 2p 2A