999 resultados para Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT)


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Alimentos ricos em compostos antioxidantes têm sido difundidos como protetores à saúde devido a sua associação com a redução de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras. Tem sido sugerido que as flavanonas cítricas apresentam potencial para reduzir o estresse oxidativo em estados de inflamação crônica, como, por exemplo, na obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante da hesperidina, eriocitrina e eriodictiol em camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica, indutora da obesidade. Foram utilizados 50 camundongos C57BL/6J machos divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n=10 cada), sendo: (1) grupo controle, tratado com dieta padrão; (2) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica; (3) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica e hesperidina (100 mg/kg peso); (4) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica e eriocitrina (200 mg/kg peso); e (5) grupo tratado com dieta hiperlipídica e eriodictiol (200 mg/kg peso). O estudo teve duração de 30 dias e cada grupo recebeu o composto específico juntamente com a dieta, com base na média de ingestão diária e peso corporal. Foram avaliados a glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-C e LDL-C no soro através de métodos enzimático-colorimétricos, a capacidade antioxidante pelo método ABTS, e o estresse oxidativo no soro e fígado pelo método de TBARS. Os camundongos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica tiveram aumento da glicose (20%), colesterol total (36%), LDL-C (55%) e peroxidação lipídica hepática (44%), quando comparados aos animais controle. O grupo suplementado com hesperidina reduziu 28% LDL-C em relação à dieta hiperlipídica. Todos os grupos suplementados com flavanonas apresentaram aumento da capacidade antioxidante total no soro (≈ 9,3 %), e redução do TBARS no fígado (≈ 64%). Além disso, os grupos suplementados com eriocitrina e eriodictiol reduziram os níveis de ...

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

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Purpose: To compare clinical and laboratory characteristics, obstetric and perinatal outcomes of patients with pre-eclampsia versus gestational hypertension. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to analyze medical records of patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension whose pregnancies were resolved within a period of 5 years, for a total of 419 cases. We collected clinical and laboratory data, obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Comparisons between groups were performed using the test suitable for the variable analyzed: unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2test, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: Were evaluated 199 patients in the gestational hypertension group (GH) and 220 patients in the pre-eclampsia group (PE). Mean body mass index was 34.6 kg/m2 in the GH group and 32.7 kg/m2 in the PE group, with a significant difference between groups. The PE group showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher rates of abnormal values in the laboratory tests, although the mean values were within the normal range. Cesarean section was performed in 59.1% of cases of PE and in 47.5% of the GH group; and perinatal outcomes in terms of gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in the PE group. Conclusion: Women with gestational hypertension exhibit epidemiological characteristics of patients at risk for chronic diseases. Patients with pre-eclampsia present clinical and laboratory parameters of greater severity, higher rates of cesarean delivery and worse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

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A saúde e a qualidade de vida do homem podem ser preservadas e aprimoradas pela prática regular de atividade física. Assim o exercício físico tem sido cada vez mais recomendado como uma alternativa no tratamento e/ou prevenção de inúmeras doenças tais como hipertensão, doença vascular, obesidade, diabetes, osteoporose, entre outras condições clinicas. No Brasil, as doenças cardiovasculares são responsáveis por cerca de 30% de todos os óbitos, sendo o infarto agudo do miocárdio a sua principal causa. Diferentes associações de saúde no mundo, como o American College of Sports Medicine, o Nation Institutes of Health, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, entre outras; recomendam a prática regular de atividade física para a prevenção e reabilitação de doenças cardiovasculares e outras doenças crônicas. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, reabilitação cardíaca é o somatório das atividades necessárias para garantir aos pacientes de cardiopatia as melhores condições física, mental e social que eles consigam, pelo próprio esforço, reconquistar uma posição normal na comunidade e levar uma vida ativa e produtiva. Os programas de reabilitação cardíaca têm objetivos profiláticos e terapêuticos. Entretanto, existem poucos relatos de programas de reabilitação e condicionamento físico pós-transplante cardíaco no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura demonstrando o papel da prática regular de atividade física na reabilitação e condicionamento físico após o transplante cardíaco

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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O perfil, na área de saúde, tem por base quantificar a necessidade dos trabalhos a serem executados dentro da interdisciplinaridade. Assim, os trabalhos podem ser direcionados com maior exatidão, correspondendo diretamente aos anseios da população idosa frequentadora dos serviços de saúde. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a realidade do atendimento ao idoso na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foi utilizado um questionário autorizado pela SBGG/PR, (Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e gerontologia seção Paraná) para estudo transversal, que engloba perguntas sobre aspectos sociais, políticos e específicos sobre os atendimentos prestados em uma Unidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A população estudada corresponde a um grupo de 90 idosos de ambos os gêneros, freqüentadores da Unidade de Saúde da Família Dr. Nilton Luiz de Castro, no bairro Tarobá no Município de Ponta Grossa – PR. A maioria dos idosos que frequentam as Unidades de Saúde da Família são mulheres; 90% são independentes; 50% esperam entre trinta minutos e uma hora por uma vaga para consulta; 65% das doenças crônicas diagnosticadas são tratadas na unidade de saúde; 100% relataram que não havia nenhum médico especialista na área de geriatria atendendo na unidade de saúde; 90% dos idosos observaram que havia programas de apoio aos idosos na instituição. A falta de informação dos idosos auxiliada pelo descaso dado as suas condições como pacientes especiais, juntamente com a falta de programas para atendimento especializado são os principais problemas que atingem os idosos nas Unidades de Saúde da Família. A maioria dos problemas poderia ser resolvida com a disponibilidade de pessoas treinadas e preparadas para atender esta população.

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Although the regular practice of physical exercise for the maintenance of the nutritional state and quality of life is important, it is not a common habit among the elderly, especially those of the lower income social bracket. The objective was to characterize and compare according to social-economic conditions and anthropometric indexes of the nutritional state of the elderly who regularly practice and those who do not practice exercises, offered at no cost, in the Northern zone of São José do Rio Preto-SP. In this study, 110 elderly women participated, of which 60 (group P) exercised regularly and 50 did not (group NP). Group P participated in a special gym program, free of charge, for at least 2 years, 2 to 3 times a week, one hour a day. Group NP was recruited from the same location as Group P. The comparison between the groups of elderly women was proportionately distributed according to marital status, level of education, means of locomotion, results of body mass index (IMC), waist to hip ratio (RCQ) and calf circumference, using the chi-square test. Comparisons were also made of average age, per capita family income, individual income, IMC, arm and triceps skin fold measured by t-Test. Differences were not found in all the comparisons made. The variables that stood out were the IMC (overweight) and RCQ (risk of chronic diseases) results, which were above what was expected, and the high frequency of walking and riding buses for both groups of elderly women (about 60%). We came to the conclusion that the low-intensity exercise program evaluated made no difference in the nutritional profi le of the elderly who also used walking as a means of getting around.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Introduction: Bamboos belong to the family Graminae, Bambusoidae subfamily, represented by about 1,250 species worldwide. Originally employed in construction and power, are currently the subject of investigations related to its therapeutic properties in neoplasms. The main species used for therapeutic purposes based on popular knowledge are: Phyllostachys nigra; Bambusa breiflora; tuldoides Bambusa textilis and Bambusa. The literature on the therapeutic action of bamboo species is scarce, but recent studies report a promising effect in the treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate qualitatively the phytochemical composition of plant extract obtained from the leaves of the bamboo species Bambusa textilis, comparing this composition from vegetable leaves with 18 and 24 months of age. Methodology: After collecting plant leaves with 18 or 24 months, they were identified and submitted to drying and milling. For qualitative analysis of its components were employed methods of macroscopic evaluation (mucilage), method of benzoin (resin), reaction Shinoda (flavonoids), reaction with gelatin solution (tannins), boiling and foaming (saponins) and jobs of reactive Wagner, Bertrand, Dragendorff, Mayer, picric acid and tannic acid (alkaloids) (Biavatti; MILK, 2007). Results: in the youngest leaves were found positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, resins and saponins. In the leaves of the plant with 24 months were found only alkaloids flavonoids and resins. Conclusion: the composition of vegetable substances were found associated with a significant therapeutic potential difference and the phytochemical composition in comparison with plant leaves 18 or 24 months. Additional studies are needed to quantify these components, as well as the clarification of its action in the fight against cancer and chronic diseases.

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Damage to health caused by excess body fat also generating a negative economic impact, with significant increase in public spending. The metabolic syndrome, which also gets several other names, such as plurimetabolic syndrome or syndrome X, is nothing more than the combined incidence of some diseases or metabolic disorders in which obesity, besides being one of them, seems to promote parallel effects that contribute to the development of other chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Researchers agree that hyper caloric diets associated with a sedentary lifestyle are the main triggers of disease, including the increasing on genetic predisposition to this disease in children and adolescents. In the case of children and adolescents the diagnosis is complicated by the lack of a consensus accepted by the scientific community. In addition to behavioral and environmental factors unfavorable to health, in a more detailed analysis also found hereditary aspects or simply genetic, such as hepatic enzyme Butyrylcholinesterase. When compared to eutrophic, obese adolescents, like adults obese, have higher serum concentration values as well as major activity for this enzyme. Increasing evidence suggests that excess body weight assumes an important role in the variation of metabolic functions in adolescents, favoring the emergence of early diagnostic indicators of metabolic syndrome.

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The use of medicinal plants is common in many Brazil's ethnic groups, because the diversity of plant species in the country is large. But the utilization of these plants as standardized herbal doesn't occur with de same frequency, due the lack of studies related to these therapies, classified as alternatives. Due to the high cost of some synthetic medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases, phytotherapy is a low-cost alternative and efficient, since the phytomedication has proven scientific studies and its production meets strict criteria for manufacturing and quality control to ensure its safety and efficacy. Among the medicinal species used for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as pain and inflammation, is Eugenia speciosa Cambess, popularly known as the bush laranjinha. Against this context, this paper held preliminary studies and developed the chromatographic profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of E. speciosa by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (CLAE-DAD). Preliminary qualitative results and the chromatographic profile have identified some metabolites classes present and some constituent as: homogentisic acid, homorientina, isovitexin and quercetrin

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The aging process involves challenges in meeting social needs, economic and health. Physiopathological changes and socio-economic predispose the elderly population at nutritional risk. The monitoring of nutritional status predict some complications of obesity or malnutrition, and is a tool for health care. The objective to know the nutritional status and risk of chronic diseases of the elderly in geriatric institutions and volunteers. The elderly population of 3 geriatric institutions (n=122) and non-institutionalized elderly (n=75) were evaluated. The body mass index was evaluated according to Nutrition Screening Initiative. For waist circumference, was used the World Health Organization criteria. For statistical analysis, chi-square was used. A high proportion of obesity (46%) was observed. The underweight affects 4% and 20% of noninstitutionalized and institutionalized, respectively. The frequency of the risk of diseases associated with obesity was higher among non-institutionalized. Hypertension affects more than 50% of the elderly. The nutritional status was different between the two situations, with high incidence of overweight and visceral adiposity, in volunteers, and wasting among institutionalized. The data emphasize that it is necessary special attention and appropriate measures to prevent morbidity and mortality and to improve quality of life.